This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1997.
Africa
- Algeria
- President - Liamine Zéroual, President of Algeria (1994–1999)
- Prime Minister - Ahmed Ouyahia, Prime Minister of Algeria (1995–1998)
- Angola
- President - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–2017)
- Prime Minister - Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, Prime Minister of Angola (1996–1999)
- Benin
- President - Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1996–2006)
- Prime Minister - Adrien Houngbédji, Prime Minister of Benin (1996–1998)
- Botswana
- President - Sir Quett Masire, President of Botswana (1980–1998)
- Burkina Faso
- President - Blaise Compaoré, President of Burkina Faso (1987–2014)
- Prime Minister - Kadré Désiré Ouedraogo, Prime Minister of Burkina Faso (1996–2000)
- Burundi
- President - Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1996–2003)
- Prime Minister - Pascal-Firmin Ndimira, Prime Minister of Burundi (1996–1998)
- Cameroon
- President - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
- Prime Minister - Peter Mafany Musonge, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1996–2004)
- Cape Verde
- President - António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President of Cape Verde (1991–2001)
- Prime Minister - Carlos Veiga, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1991–2000)
- Central African Republic
- President - Ange-Félix Patassé, President of the Central African Republic (1993–2003)
- Prime Minister -
- Jean-Paul Ngoupandé, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1996–1997)
- Michel Gbezera-Bria, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1997–1999)
- Chad
- President - Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Koibla Djimasta, Prime Minister of Chad (1995–1997)
- Nassour Guelendouksia Ouaido, Prime Minister of Chad (1997–1999)
- Comoros
- President - Mohamed Taki Abdoulkarim, President of the Comoros (1996–1998)
- Prime Minister -
- Ahmed Abdou, Prime Minister of the Comoros (1996–1997)
- Nourdine Bourhane, Prime Minister of the Comoros (1997–1998)
- Anjouan (unrecognized secessionist state)
- declared independence on 3 August 1997
- President - Foundi Abdallah Ibrahim, President of Anjouan (1997–1999)
- Mohéli (unrecognized secessionist state)
- declared independence on 11 August 1997
- President - Said Mohamed Soefu, President of Mohéli (1997–1998)
- Prime Minister - Soidri Ahmed, Prime Minister of Mohéli (1997–1998)
- Congo–Brazzaville (Republic of the Congo)
- President -
- Pascal Lissouba, President of the Republic of the Congo (1992–1997)
- Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of the Republic of the Congo (1997–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Charles David Ganao, Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (1996–1997)
- Bernard Kolélas, Prime Minister of the Republic of the Congo (1997)
- President -
- Congo–Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
- name changed from Zaire to Democratic Republic of the Congo on 17 May 1997
- President -
- Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (1965–1997)
- Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1997–2001)
- Head of Government -
- Kengo Wa Dondo, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1994–1997)
- Étienne Tshisekedi, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1997)
- Likulia Bolongo, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1997)
- Côte d'Ivoire
- President - Henri Konan Bédié, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1993–1999)
- Prime Minister - Daniel Kablan Duncan, Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (1993–1999)
- Djibouti
- President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977–1999)
- Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001)
- Egypt
- President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
- Prime Minister - Kamal Ganzouri, Prime Minister of Egypt (1996–1999)
- Equatorial Guinea
- President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
- Prime Minister - Ángel Serafín Seriche Dougan, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1996–2001)
- Eritrea
- President - Isaias Afewerki, President of Eritrea (1991–present)[1]
- Ethiopia
- President - Negasso Gidada, President of Ethiopia (1995–2001)
- Prime Minister - Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1995–2012)
- Gabon
- President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
- Prime Minister - Paulin Obame-Nguema, Prime Minister of Gabon (1994–1999)
- The Gambia
- President - Yahya Jammeh, President of The Gambia (1994–2017)
- Ghana
- President - Jerry Rawlings, President of Ghana (1981–2001)
- Guinea
- President - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984–2008)
- Prime Minister - Sidya Touré, Prime Minister of Guinea (1996–1999)
- Guinea-Bissau
- President - João Bernardo Vieira, President of Guinea-Bissau (1984–1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Manuel Saturnino da Costa, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1994–1997)
- Carlos Correia, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1997–1998)
- Kenya
- President - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978–2002)
- Lesotho
- Monarch - Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1996–present)
- Prime Minister - Ntsu Mokhehle, Prime Minister of Lesotho (1994–1998)
- Liberia
- Head of State -
- Ruth Perry, Chairman of the Council of State of Liberia (1996–1997)
- Charles Taylor, President of Liberia (1997–2003)
- Head of State -
- Libya
- De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
- Nominal Head of State - Muhammad az-Zanati, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1992–2008)
- Head of Government -
- Abdul Majid al-Qa′ud, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1994–1997)
- Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1997–2000)
- Madagascar
- President -
- Norbert Ratsirahonana, Acting President of Madagascar (1996–1997)
- Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1997–2002)
- Prime Minister -
- Norbert Ratsirahonana, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1996–1997)
- Pascal Rakotomavo, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1997–1998)
- President -
- Malawi
- President - Bakili Muluzi, President of Malawi (1994–2004)
- Mali
- President - Alpha Oumar Konaré, President of Mali (1992–2002)
- Prime Minister - Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta, Prime Minister of Mali (1994–2000)
- Mauritania
- President - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, President of Mauritania (1984–2005)
- Prime Minister -
- Cheikh El Avia Ould Mohamed Khouna, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1996–1997)
- Mohamed Lemine Ould Guig, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1997–1998)
- Mauritius
- President - Cassam Uteem, President of Mauritius (1992–2002)
- Prime Minister - Navin Ramgoolam, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1995–2000)
- Mayotte (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect - Philippe Boisadam, Prefect of Mayotte (1996–1998)
- President of the General Council - Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1991–2004)
- Morocco
- Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
- Prime Minister - Abdellatif Filali, Prime Minister of Morocco (1994–1998)
- Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognized state)
- President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–2016)
- Prime Minister - Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1995–1999)
- Mozambique
- President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
- Prime Minister - Pascoal Mocumbi, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1994–2004)
- Namibia
- President - Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990–2005)
- Prime Minister - Hage Geingob, Prime Minister of Namibia (1990–2002)
- Niger
- President - Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara, President of Niger (1996–1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Amadou Cissé, Prime Minister of Niger (1996–1997)
- Ibrahim Hassane Mayaki, Prime Minister of Niger (1997–2000)
- Nigeria
- Head of State - Sani Abacha, Chairman of the Provisional Ruling Council of Nigeria (1993–1998)
- Rwanda
- President - Pasteur Bizimungu, President of Rwanda (1994–2000)
- Prime Minister - Pierre-Célestin Rwigema, Prime Minister of Rwanda (1995–2000)
- Saint Helena and Dependencies (British overseas territory)
- Governor - David Leslie Smallman, Governor of Saint Helena (1995–1999)
- São Tomé and Príncipe
- President - Miguel Trovoada, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1995–2001)
- Prime Minister - Raul Bragança Neto, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1996–1999)
- Senegal
- President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981–2000)
- Prime Minister - Habib Thiam, Prime Minister of Senegal (1991–1998)
- Seychelles
- President - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
- Sierra Leone
- Head of State -
- Somalia
- President - Hussein Mohamed Farrah, President of Somalia (1996–1997)
- Prime Minister - Umar Arteh Ghalib, Prime Minister of Somalia (1991–1997)
- Somaliland (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, President of Somaliland (1993–2002)
- South Africa
- President - Nelson Mandela, President of South Africa (1994–1999)
- Sudan
- President - Omar al-Bashir, President of Sudan (1989–2019)
- Swaziland
- Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present)
- Prime Minister - Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1996–2003)
- Tanzania
- President - Benjamin Mkapa, President of Tanzania (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister - Frederick Sumaye, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1995–2005)
- Togo
- President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005)
- Prime Minister - Kwassi Klutse, Prime Minister of Togo (1996–1999)
- Tunisia
- President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
- Prime Minister - Hamed Karoui, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1989–1999)
- Uganda
- President - Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)
- Prime Minister - Kintu Musoke, Prime Minister of Uganda (1994–1999)
- Zaire
- see under Congo–Kinshasa
- Zambia
- President - Frederick Chiluba, President of Zambia (1991–2002)
- Zimbabwe
- President - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–2017)
Asia
- Afghanistan
- Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban) (mostly unrecognized government, controlling about 90% of the country)
- De facto leader - Mullah Mohammed Omar, Commander of the Faithful of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
- Head of State - Mullah Mohammad Rabbani, Head of the Supreme Council of Afghanistan (1996–2001)
- Islamic State of Afghanistan (Northern Alliance) (internationally recognized government, controlling about 10% of the country)
- President - Burhanuddin Rabbani, President of Afghanistan (1992–2001)
- Prime Minister -
- Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1996–1997)
- Abdul Rahim Ghafoorzai, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1997)
- Ravan A. G. Farhâdi, Prime Minister of Afghanistan (1997–2001)
- Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Taliban) (mostly unrecognized government, controlling about 90% of the country)
- Bahrain
- Monarch - Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Emir of Bahrain (1961–1999)[2]
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, Prime Minister of Bahrain (1970–2020)[3]
- Bangladesh
- President - Shahabuddin Ahmed, President of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Hasina, Prime Minister of Bangladesh (1996–2001)
- Bhutan
- Monarch - Jigme Singye Wangchuck, King of Bhutan (1972–2006)
- Brunei
- Monarch - Hassanal Bolkiah, Sultan of Brunei (1967–present)[4]
- Prime Minister - Hassanal Bolkiah, Prime Minister of Brunei (1984–present)
- Cambodia
- Monarch - Norodom Sihanouk, King of Cambodia (1993–2004)
- Prime Ministers -
- First Prime Minister -
- Prince Norodom Ranariddh, First Prime Minister of Cambodia (1993–1997)
- Ung Huot, First Prime Minister of Cambodia (1997–1998)
- Second Prime Minister - Hun Sen, Second Prime Minister of Cambodia (1985–present)[5]
- First Prime Minister -
- China (People's Republic of China) -
- Communist Party Leader- Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (1989–2002)
- President - Jiang Zemin, President of China (1993–2003)
- Premier - Li Peng, Premier of the State Council of China (1987–1998)
- Hong Kong (British dependent territory)
- joined China on 1 July 1997
- Governor - Chris Patten, Governor of Hong Kong (1992–1997)
- India
- President -
- Shankar Dayal Sharma, President of India (1992–1997)
- K. R. Narayanan, President of India (1997–2002)
- Prime Minister -
- H. D. Deve Gowda, Prime Minister of India (1996–1997)
- I. K. Gujral, Prime Minister of India (1997–1998)
- President -
- Indonesia
- President - Suharto, President of Indonesia (1967–1998)
- Iran
- Supreme Leader - Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Supreme Leader of Iran (1989–present)
- President -
- Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, President of Iran (1989–1997)
- Mohammad Khatami, President of Iran (1997–2005)
- Iraq
- President - Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq (1979–2003)
- Prime Minister - Saddam Hussein, Prime Minister of Iraq (1994–2003)
- Israel
- President - Ezer Weizman, President of Israel (1993–2000)
- Prime Minister - Benjamin Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel (1996–1999)
- Palestinian Authority (non-state administrative authority)
- President - Yasser Arafat, President of the Palestinian Authority (1994–2004)
- Japan
- Monarch - Akihito, Emperor of Japan (1989–2019)
- Prime Minister - Ryutaro Hashimoto, Prime Minister of Japan (1996–1998)
- Jordan
- Monarch - Hussein, King of Jordan (1952–1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Abdul Karim al-Kabariti, Prime Minister of Jordan (1996–1997)
- Abdelsalam al-Majali, Prime Minister of Jordan (1997–1998)
- Kazakhstan
- President - Nursultan Nazarbayev, President of Kazakhstan (1990–2019)[6]
- Prime Minister -
- Akezhan Kazhegeldin, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1994–1997)
- Nurlan Balgimbayev, Prime Minister of Kazakhstan (1997–1999)
- North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Communist Party Leader - Kim Jong-il, General Secretary of the Central Committee Workers' Party of Korea (1997–2011)
- President - vacant, President of North Korea (1994–1998)
- De facto Head of State - Kim Jong-il, Chairman of the National Defence Commission of North Korea (1993–2011)[7]
- Premier -
- South Korea (Republic of Korea) -
- President - Kim Young-sam, President of South Korea (1993–1998)
- Prime Minister -
- Lee Soo-sung, Prime Minister of South Korea (1995–1997)
- Goh Kun, Prime Minister of South Korea (1997–1998)
- Kuwait
- Monarch - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, Emir of Kuwait (1977–2006)[8]
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah, Prime Minister of Kuwait (1978–2003)[9]
- Kyrgyzstan
- President - Askar Akayev, President of Kyrgyzstan (1990–2005)[10]
- Prime Minister - Apas Jumagulov, Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan (1993–1998)
- Laos -
- Communist Party Leader - Khamtai Siphandon, General Secretary of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party (1992–2006)
- President - Nouhak Phoumsavanh, President of Laos (1992–1998)
- Premier - Khamtai Siphandon, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Laos (1991–1998)
- Lebanon
- President - Elias Hrawi, President of Lebanon (1989–1998)
- Prime Minister - Rafic Hariri, President of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon (1992–1998)
- Macau (overseas province of Portugal)
- Governor - Vasco Joaquim Rocha Vieira, Governor of Macau (1991–1999)
- Malaysia
- Monarch - Tuanku Jaafar, Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia (1994–1999)
- Prime Minister - Mahathir Mohamad, Prime Minister of Malaysia (1981–2003)
- Maldives
- President - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of the Maldives (1978–2008)
- Mongolia
- President -
- Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, President of Mongolia (1990–1997)
- Natsagiin Bagabandi, President of Mongolia (1997–2005)
- Prime Minister - Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan, Prime Minister of Mongolia (1996–1998)
- President -
- Myanmar
- Head of State - Than Shwe, Chairman of the State Law and Order Restoration Council of Myanmar (1992–2011)
- Prime Minister - Than Shwe, Prime Minister of Myanmar (1992–2003)
- Nepal -
- Monarch - Birendra, King of Nepal (1972–2001)
- Prime Minister -
- Sher Bahadur Deuba, Prime Minister of Nepal (1995–1997)
- Lokendra Bahadur Chand, Prime Minister of Nepal (1997)
- Surya Bahadur Thapa, Prime Minister of Nepal (1997–1998)
- Oman
- Monarch - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Sultan of Oman (1970–present)
- Prime Minister - Qaboos bin Said al Said, Prime Minister of Oman (1972–present)
- Pakistan
- President -
- Farooq Leghari, President of Pakistan (1993–1997)
- Wasim Sajjad, Acting President of Pakistan (1997–1998)
- Prime Minister -
- Malik Meraj Khalid, Interim Prime Minister of Pakistan (1996–1997)
- Nawaz Sharif, Prime Minister of Pakistan (1997–1999)
- President -
- Philippines
- President - Fidel Ramos, President of the Philippines (1992–1998)
- Qatar
- Monarch - Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, Emir of Qatar (1995–2013)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Abdullah bin Khalifa Al Thani, Prime Minister of Qatar (1996–2007)
- Saudi Arabia
- Monarch - Fahd, King of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
- Prime Minister - Fahd, Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia (1982–2005)
- Singapore
- President - Ong Teng Cheong, President of Singapore (1993–1999)
- Prime Minister - Goh Chok Tong, Prime Minister of Singapore (1990–2004)
- Sri Lanka
- President - Chandrika Kumaratunga, President of Sri Lanka (1994–2005)
- Prime Minister - Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka (1994–2000)
- Syria
- President - Hafez al-Assad, President of Syria (1971–2000)
- Prime Minister - Mahmoud Zuabi, Prime Minister of Syria (1987–2000)
- Taiwan (Republic of China)
- President - Lee Teng-hui, President of Taiwan (1988–2000)
- Premier -
- Lien Chan, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1993–1997)
- Vincent Siew, President of the Executive Yuan of Taiwan (1997–2000)
- Tajikistan
- President - Emomali Rahmonov, President of Tajikistan (1992–present)
- Prime Minister - Yahyo Azimov, Prime Minister of Tajikistan (1996–1999)
- Thailand
- Monarch - Bhumibol Adulyadej, King of Thailand (1946–2016)
- Prime Minister -
- Chavalit Yongchaiyudh, Prime Minister of Thailand (1996–1997)
- Chuan Leekpai, Prime Minister of Thailand (1997–2001)
- Turkey
- President - Süleyman Demirel, President of Turkey (1993–2000)
- Prime Minister -
- Necmettin Erbakan, Prime Minister of Turkey (1996–1997)
- Mesut Yılmaz, Prime Minister of Turkey (1997–1999)
- Turkmenistan
- President - Saparmurat Niyazov, President of Turkmenistan (1990–2006)[11]
- United Arab Emirates
- President - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, President of the United Arab Emirates (1971–2004)
- Prime Minister - Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Prime Minister of the United Arab Emirates (1990–2006)
- Uzbekistan
- President - Islam Karimov, President of Uzbekistan (1990–2016)[12]
- Prime Minister - O‘tkir Sultonov, Prime Minister of Uzbekistan (1995–2003)
- Vietnam
- Communist Party Leader -
- Đỗ Mười, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1991–1997)
- Lê Khả Phiêu, General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam (1997–2001)
- President -
- Lê Đức Anh, President of Vietnam (1992–1997)
- Trần Đức Lương, President of Vietnam (1997–2006)
- Prime Minister -
- Võ Văn Kiệt, Prime Minister of Vietnam (1991–1997)
- Phan Văn Khải, Prime Minister of Vietnam (1997–2006)
- Communist Party Leader -
- Yemen
- President - Ali Abdullah Saleh, President of Yemen (1978–2012)[13]
- Prime Minister -
- Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani, Prime Minister of Yemen (1994–1997)
- Faraj Said Bin Ghanem, Prime Minister of Yemen (1997–1998)
Europe
- Albania
- President -
- Sali Berisha, President of Albania (1992–1997)
- Skënder Gjinushi, Acting President of Albania (1997)
- Rexhep Meidani, President of Albania (1997–2002)
- Prime Minister -
- Aleksander Meksi, Prime Minister of Albania (1992–1997)
- Bashkim Fino, Prime Minister of Albania (1997)
- Fatos Nano, Prime Minister of Albania (1997–1998)
- President -
- Andorra
- Monarchs -
- French Co-Prince - Jacques Chirac, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
- Co-Prince's Representative -
- Jean-Yves Caullet (1993–1997)
- Pierre de Bousquet de Florian (1997–1999)
- Co-Prince's Representative -
- Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
- Co-Prince's Representative - Nemesi Marqués Oste (1993–2012)
- French Co-Prince - Jacques Chirac, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1995–2007)
- Prime Minister - Marc Forné Molné, Head of Government of Andorra (1994–2005)
- Monarchs -
- Armenia
- President - Levon Ter-Petrosyan, President of Armenia (1990–1998)[14]
- Prime Minister -
- Armen Sargsyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1996–1997)
- Robert Kocharyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1997–1998)
- Austria
- President - Thomas Klestil, Federal President of Austria (1992–2004)
- Chancellor -
- Franz Vranitzky, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1986–1997)
- Viktor Klima, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1997–2000)
- Azerbaijan
- President - Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (1993–2003)
- Prime Minister - Artur Rasizade, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1996–2003)
- Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- President -
- Robert Kocharyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh (1994–1997)
- Leonard Petrosyan, Acting President of Nagorno-Karabakh (1997)
- Arkadi Ghukasyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh (1997–2007)
- Prime Minister - Leonard Petrosyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (1994–1998)
- President -
- Belarus
- President - Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
- Prime Minister - Sergey Ling, Prime Minister of Belarus (1996–2000)
- Belgium
- Monarch - Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–2013)
- Prime Minister - Jean-Luc Dehaene, Prime Minister of Belgium (1992–1999)
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Head of State - Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bosniak member - Alija Izetbegović (1996–2000), Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1996–1998)
- Serb member - Momčilo Krajišnik (1996–1998)
- Croat member - Krešimir Zubak (1996–1998)
- Premier -
- Hasan Muratović, Prime Minister of Bosnia and Hercegovina (1996–1997)
- Haris Silajdžić and Boro Bosić, Co-Chairmen of the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997–1999)
- High Representative -
- Carl Bildt, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995–1997)
- Carlos Westendorp, High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina (1997–1999)
- Head of State - Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- President -
- Zhelyu Zhelev, President of Bulgaria (1990–1997)
- Petar Stoyanov, President of Bulgaria (1997–2002)
- Prime Minister -
- Zhan Videnov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1995–1997)
- Stefan Sofiyanski, Acting Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1997)
- Ivan Kostov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1997–2001)
- President -
- Croatia
- President - Franjo Tuđman, President of Croatia (1990–1999)[15]
- Prime Minister - Zlatko Mateša, Prime Minister of Croatia (1995–2000)
- Cyprus
- President - Glafcos Clerides, President of Cyprus (1993–2003)
- Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- President - Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1975–2005)
- Prime Minister - Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1996–2004)
- Czech Republic
- President - Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003)
- Prime Minister -
- Václav Klaus, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1992–1997)[16]
- Josef Tošovský, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1997–1998)
- Denmark
- Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
- Prime Minister - Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1993–2001)
- Estonia
- President - Lennart Meri, President of Estonia (1992–2001)
- Prime Minister -
- Tiit Vähi, Prime Minister of Estonia (1995–1997)
- Mart Siimann, Prime Minister of Estonia (1997–1999)
- Finland
- President - Martti Ahtisaari, President of Finland, (1994–2000)
- Prime Minister - Paavo Lipponen, Prime Minister of Finland, (1995–2003)
- France
- President - Jacques Chirac, President of France (1995–2007)
- Prime Minister -
- Alain Juppé, Prime Minister of France (1995–1997)
- Lionel Jospin, Prime Minister of France (1997–2002)
- Georgia
- President - Eduard Shevardnadze, President of Georgia (1992–2003)
- Prime Minister - Niko Lekishvili, Minister of State of Georgia (1995–1998)
- Abkhazia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Vladislav Ardzinba, President of Abkhazia (1990–2005)[17]
- Prime Minister -
- Gennady Gagulia, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1995–1997)
- Sergei Bagapsh, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1997–1999)
- South Ossetia (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Lyudvig Chibirov, President of South Ossetia (1993–2001)
- Prime Minister - Aleksandr Shavlokhov, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (1996–1998)
- Germany
- President - Roman Herzog, Federal President of Germany (1994–1999)
- Chancellor - Helmut Kohl, Federal Chancellor of Germany (1982–1998)[18]
- Greece
- President- Konstantinos Stephanopoulos, President of Greece (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister - Costas Simitis, Prime Minister of Greece (1996–2004)
- Hungary
- President - Árpád Göncz, President of Hungary (1990–2000)
- Prime Minister - Gyula Horn, Prime Minister of Hungary (1994–1998)
- Iceland
- President - Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson, President of Iceland (1996–2016)
- Prime Minister - Davíð Oddsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1991–2004)
- Ireland
- President -
- Mary Robinson, President of Ireland (1990–1997)
- Presidential Commission, Acting President of Ireland (1997)
- Mary McAleese, President of Ireland (1997–2011)
- Prime Minister -
- John Bruton, Taoiseach of Ireland (1994–1997)
- Bertie Ahern, Taoiseach of Ireland (1997–2008)
- President -
- Italy
- President - Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, President of Italy (1992–1999)
- Prime Minister - Romano Prodi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1996–1998)
- Latvia
- President - Guntis Ulmanis, President of Latvia (1993–1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Andris Šķēle, Prime Minister of Latvia (1995–1997)
- Guntars Krasts, Prime Minister of Latvia (1997–1998)
- Liechtenstein
- Monarch - Hans-Adam II, Prince Regnant of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
- Prime Minister - Mario Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1993–2001)
- Lithuania
- President - Algirdas Brazauskas, President of Lithuania (1992–1998)
- Prime Minister - Gediminas Vagnorius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1996–1999)
- Luxembourg
- Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
- Prime Minister - Jean-Claude Juncker, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1995–2013)
- Macedonia
- President - Kiro Gligorov, President of Macedonia (1995–1999)
- Prime Minister - Branko Crvenkovski, President of the Government of Macedonia (1992–1998)
- Malta
- President - Ugo Mifsud Bonnici, President of Malta (1994–1999)
- Prime Minister - Alfred Sant, Prime Minister of Malta (1996–1998)
- Moldova
- President -
- Mircea Snegur, President of Moldova (1989–1997)[19]
- Petru Lucinschi, President of Moldova (1997–2001)
- Prime Minister -
- Andrei Sangheli, Prime Minister of Moldova (1992–1997)
- Ion Ciubuc, Prime Minister of Moldova (1997–1999)
- Transnistria (unrecognized, secessionist state)
- President - Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–2011)[20]
- President -
- Monaco
- Monarch - Rainier III, Sovereign Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
- Head of Government -
- Paul Dijoud, Minister of State of Monaco (1994–1997)
- Michel Lévêque, Minister of State of Monaco (1997–2000)
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–2013)
- Netherlands (constituent country)
- Prime Minister - Wim Kok, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1994–2002)
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
- see under North America
- Aruba (constituent country)
- see under North America
- Norway
- Monarch - Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Thorbjørn Jagland, Prime Minister of Norway (1996–1997)
- Kjell Magne Bondevik, Prime Minister of Norway (1997–2000)
- Poland
- President - Aleksander Kwaśniewski, President of Poland (1995–2005)
- Prime Minister -
- Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1996–1997)
- Jerzy Buzek, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1997–2001)
- Portugal
- President - Jorge Sampaio, President of Portugal (1996–2006)
- Prime Minister - António Guterres, Prime Minister of Portugal (1995–2002)
- Romania
- President - Emil Constantinescu, President of Romania (1996–2000)
- Prime Minister - Victor Ciorbea, Prime Minister of Romania (1996–1998)
- Russia
- President - Boris Yeltsin, President of Russia (1990–1999)[21]
- Prime Minister - Viktor Chernomyrdin, Chairman of the Government of Russia (1992–1998)
- Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President -
- Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev, President of Ichkeria (1996–1997)
- Aslan Maskhadov, President of Ichkeria (1997–2000)[22]
- Prime Minister -
- Aslan Maskhadov, Prime Minister of Ichkeria (1996–1997)
- Ruslan Gelayev, Prime Minister of Ichkeria (1997)
- Aslan Maskhadov, Prime Minister of Ichkeria (1997–1998)
- President -
- San Marino
- Captains-Regent -
- Maurizio Rattini and Giancarlo Venturini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1996 - 1997)
- Paride Andreoli and Pier Marino Mularoni, Captains Regent of San Marino (1997)
- Luigi Mazza and Marino Zanotti, Captains Regent of San Marino (1997 - 1998)
- Captains-Regent -
- Slovakia
- President - Michal Kováč, President of Slovakia (1993–1998)
- Prime Minister - Vladimír Mečiar, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1994–1998)
- Slovenia
- President - Milan Kučan, President of Slovenia (1990–2002)[23]
- Prime Minister - Janez Drnovšek, Prime Minister of Slovenia (1992–2000)
- Spain
- Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–2014)
- Prime Minister - José María Aznar, President of the Government of Spain (1996–2004)
- Sweden
- Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
- Prime Minister - Göran Persson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1996–2006)
- Switzerland
- Federal Council:[24]
- Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1983–1998), Arnold Koller (1986–1999, President), Flavio Cotti (1986–1999), Adolf Ogi (1987–2000), Kaspar Villiger (1989–2003), Ruth Dreifuss (1993–2002), Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010)
- Federal Council:[24]
- Ukraine
- President - Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine (1994–2005)
- Prime Minister -
- Pavlo Lazarenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (1996–1997)
- Vasyl Durdynets, Acting Prime Minister of Ukraine (1997)
- Valeriy Pustovoitenko, Prime Minister of Ukraine (1997–1999)
- United Kingdom
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
- Prime Minister -
- John Major, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1990–1997)
- Tony Blair, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1997–2007)
- Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John Coward, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1994–2000)
- Bailiff - Sir Graham Dorey, Bailiff of Guernsey (1992–1999)
- Jersey (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Michael Wilkes, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1995–2001)
- Bailiff - Sir Philip Bailhache, Bailiff of Jersey (1995–2009)
- Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
- Lieutenant Governor - Sir Timothy Daunt, Lieutenant Governor of the Isle of Man (1995–2000)
- Chief minister - Donald Gelling, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (1996–2001)
- Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
- Sir Hugo White, Governor of Gibraltar (1995–1997)
- Sir Richard Luce, Governor of Gibraltar (1997–2000)
- Chief Minister - Peter Caruana, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1996–2011)
- Governor -
- Vatican City
- Monarch - Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
- President of the Governorate -
- Cardinal Rosalio José Castillo Lara, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1990–1997)
- Cardinal Edmund Szoka, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1997–2006)
- Holy See (sui generis subject of public international law)
- Secretary of State - Cardinal Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990–2006)
- Yugoslavia
- President -
- Zoran Lilić, President of Yugoslavia (1993–1997)
- Srđa Božović, Acting President of Yugoslavia (1997)
- Slobodan Milošević, President of Yugoslavia (1997–2000)
- Prime Minister - Radoje Kontić, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1993–1998)
- Republic of Kosova (unrecognized secessionist state)
- President - Ibrahim Rugova, President of the Republic of Kosova (1992–2000)
- Prime Minister - Bujar Bukoshi, Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosova (1991–2000)
- President -
North America
- Anguilla (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Robert Harris, Governor of Anguilla (1996–2000)
- Chief Minister - Hubert Hughes, Chief Minister of Anguilla (1994–2000)
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda (1981–present)
- Governor-General - Sir James Carlisle, Governor-General of Antigua and Barbuda (1993–2007)
- Prime Minister - Lester Bird, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda (1994–2004)
- Aruba (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - Olindo Koolman, Governor of Aruba (1992–2004)
- Prime Minister - Henny Eman, Prime Minister of Aruba (1994–2001)
- The Bahamas
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Bahamas (1973–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Orville Turnquest, Governor-General of the Bahamas (1995–2001)
- Prime Minister - Hubert Ingraham, Prime Minister of the Bahamas (1992–2002)
- Barbados
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Barbados (1966–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Clifford Husbands, Governor-General of Barbados (1996–2011)
- Prime Minister - Owen Arthur, Prime Minister of Barbados (1994–2008)
- Belize
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Belize (1981–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Colville Young, Governor-General of Belize (1993–present)
- Prime Minister - Manuel Esquivel, Prime Minister of Belize (1993–1998)
- Bermuda (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
- David Waddington, Baron Waddington, Governor of Bermuda (1992–1997)
- Thorold Masefield, Governor of Bermuda (1997–2002)
- Premier -
- David Saul, Premier of Bermuda (1995–1997)
- Pamela Gordon, Premier of Bermuda (1997–1998)
- Governor -
- British Virgin Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - David Mackilligin, Governor of the British Virgin Islands (1995–1998)
- Chief Minister - Ralph T. O'Neal, Chief Minister of the British Virgin Islands (1995–2003)
- Canada
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada (1952–present)
- Governor General - Roméo LeBlanc, Governor General of Canada (1995–1999)
- Prime Minister - Jean Chrétien, Prime Minister of Canada (1993–2003)
- Cayman Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - John Wynne Owen, Governor of the Cayman Islands (1995–1999)
- Head of Government - Truman Bodden, Leader of Government Business of the Cayman Islands (1994–2000)
- Costa Rica
- President - José María Figueres, President of Costa Rica (1994–1998)
- Cuba
- Communist Party Leader - Fidel Castro, First secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba (1965–2011)
- President - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of State of Cuba (1976–2008)
- Premier - Fidel Castro, President of the Council of Ministers of Cuba (1959–2008)
- Dominica
- President - Crispin Sorhaindo, President of Dominica (1993–1998)
- Prime Minister - Edison James, Prime Minister of Dominica (1995–2000)
- Dominican Republic
- President - Leonel Fernández, President of the Dominican Republic (1996–2000)
- El Salvador
- President - Armando Calderón Sol, President of El Salvador (1994–1999)
- Grenada
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Grenada (1974–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Daniel Williams, Governor-General of Grenada (1996–2008)
- Prime Minister - Keith Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada (1995–2008)
- Guatemala
- President - Álvaro Arzú, President of Guatemala (1996–2000)
- Haiti
- President - René Préval, President of Haiti (1996–2001)
- Prime Minister - Rosny Smarth, Prime Minister of Haiti (1996–1997)
- Honduras
- President - Carlos Roberto Reina, President of Honduras (1994–1998)
- Jamaica
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Jamaica (1962–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Howard Cooke, Governor-General of Jamaica (1991–2006)
- Prime Minister - P. J. Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica (1992–2006)
- Mexico
- President - Ernesto Zedillo, President of Mexico (1994–2000)
- Montserrat (British dependent territory)
- Governor -
- Frank Savage, Governor of Montserrat (1993–1997)
- Tony Abbott, Governor of Montserrat (1997–2001)
- Chief Minister -
- Bertrand Osborne, Chief Minister of Montserrat (1996–1997)
- David Brandt, Chief Minister of Montserrat (1997–2001)
- Governor -
- Netherlands Antilles (constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)
- Governor - Jaime Saleh, Governor of the Netherlands Antilles (1990–2002)
- Prime Minister - Miguel Arcangel Pourier, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Antilles (1994–1998)
- Nicaragua
- President -
- Violeta Chamorro, President of Nicaragua (1990–1997)
- Arnoldo Alemán, President of Nicaragua (1997–2002)
- President -
- Panama
- President - Ernesto Pérez Balladares, President of Panama (1994–1999)
- Saint Kitts and Nevis
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Cuthbert Sebastian, Governor-General of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1996–2013)
- Prime Minister - Denzil Douglas, Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (1995–2015)
- Saint Lucia
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Lucia (1979–present)
- Governor-General -
- Sir George Mallet, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1996–1997)
- Pearlette Louisy, Governor-General of Saint Lucia (1997–2017)
- Prime Minister -
- Vaughan Lewis, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1996–1997)
- Kenny Anthony, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia (1997–2006)
- Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect -
- Jean-François Carenco, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1996–1997)
- Rémi Thuau, Prefect of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1997–1999)
- President of the General Council - Bernard Le Soavec, President of the General Council of Saint Pierre and Miquelon (1996–2000)
- Prefect -
- Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Charles Antrobus, Governor-General of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1996–2002)
- Prime Minister - Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell, Prime Minister of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1984–2000)
- Trinidad and Tobago
- President -
- Noor Hassanali, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1987–1997)
- A. N. R. Robinson, President of Trinidad and Tobago (1997–2003)
- Prime Minister - Basdeo Panday, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (1995–2001)
- President -
- Turks and Caicos Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - John Kelly, Governor of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1996–2000)
- Chief Minister - Derek Hugh Taylor, Chief Minister of the Turks and Caicos Islands (1995–2003)
- United States of America
- President - Bill Clinton, President of the United States (1993–2001)
- Puerto Rico (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor - Pedro Rosselló, Governor of Puerto Rico (1993–2001)
- United States Virgin Islands (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Roy Schneider, Governor of the United States Virgin Islands (1995–1999)
Oceania
- American Samoa (unorganized, unincorporated territory of the United States)
- Governor -
- A. P. Lutali, Governor of American Samoa (1993–1997)
- Tauese Sunia, Governor of American Samoa (1997–2003)
- Governor -
- Australia
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Sir William Deane, Governor-General of Australia (1996–2001)
- Prime Minister - John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia (1996–2007)
- Christmas Island (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator -
- Merrilyn Ann Chilvers, Acting Administrator of Christmas Island (1996-1997)
- Graham Nicholls, Acting Administrator of Christmas Island (1997)
- Ronald Harvey, Administrator of Christmas Island (1997-1998)
- Shire President - Jeffery Tan, Acting Shire president of Christmas Island (1995–1997)
- Administrator -
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands (external territory of Australia)
- Administrator -
- Jarl Andersson, Acting Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1996-1997)
- Maureen Ellis, Acting Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1997)
- Ronald Harvey, Administrator of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1997-1998)
- Shire President - Radal bin Feyrel, Shire president of Cocos (Keeling) Islands (1995-1999)
- Administrator -
- Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
- Administrator -
- Alan Gardner Kerr, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1992–1997)
- Ralph Alexander Condon, Acting Administrator of Norfolk Island (1997)
- Tony Messner, Administrator of Norfolk Island (1997–2003)
- Chief Minister -
- Michael William King, Head of Government of Norfolk Island (1994–1997)
- George Charles Smith, Chief Minister of Norfolk Island (1997–2000)
- Administrator -
- Fiji
- President - Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, President of Fiji (1993–2000)
- Prime Minister - Sitiveni Rabuka, Prime Minister of Fiji (1992–1999)
- French Polynesia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner -
- Paul Roncière, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1994–1997)
- Michel Jeanjean, Acting High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1997)
- Jean Aribaud, High Commissioner of the Republic in French Polynesia (1997–2001)
- President of the Government - Gaston Flosse, President of the Government of French Polynesia (1991–2004)
- High Commissioner -
- Guam (Insular area of the United States)
- Governor - Carl T.C. Gutierrez, Governor of Guam (1995–2003)
- Kiribati
- President - Teburoro Tito, President of Kiribati (1994–2003)
- Marshall Islands
- President -
- Kunio Lemari, Acting President of the Marshall Islands (1996–1997)
- Imata Kabua, President of the Marshall Islands (1997–2000)
- President -
- Micronesia
- President -
- Bailey Olter, President of Micronesia (1991–1997)
- Jacob Nena, President of Micronesia (1997–1999)
- President -
- Nauru
- President -
- Ruben Kun, President of Nauru (1996–1997)
- Kinza Clodumar, President of Nauru (1997–1998)
- President -
- New Caledonia (French overseas territory)
- High Commissioner - Dominique Bur, High Commissioner of New Caledonia (1995–1999)
- New Zealand
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of New Zealand (1952–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Michael Hardie Boys, Governor-General of New Zealand (1996–2001)
- Prime Minister -
- Jim Bolger, Prime Minister of New Zealand, (1990–1997)
- Jenny Shipley, Prime Minister of New Zealand, (1997–1999)
- Cook Islands (Associated state of New Zealand)
- Queen's Representative - Sir Apenera Short, Queen's Representative of the Cook Islands (1990–2000)
- Prime Minister - Geoffrey Henry, Prime Minister of the Cook Islands (1989–1999)
- Niue (associated state of New Zealand)
- Premier - Frank Lui, Premier of Niue (1993–1999)
- Tokelau (dependent territory of New Zealand)
- Administrator - Lindsay Watt, Administrator of Tokelau (1993–2003)
- Head of Government -
- Pio Tuia, Head of Government of Tokelau (1996–1997)
- Falima Teao, Head of Government of Tokelau (1997–1998)
- Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the United States)
- Governor - Froilan Tenorio, Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands (1994–1998)
- Palau
- President - Kuniwo Nakamura, President of Palau (1993–2001)[25]
- Papua New Guinea
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Papua New Guinea (1975–present)
- Governor-General -
- Sir Wiwa Korowi, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1991–1997)
- Sir Silas Atopare, Governor-General of Papua New Guinea (1997–2003)
- Prime Minister -
- Sir Julius Chan, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1994–1997)
- John Giheno, Acting Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1997)
- Sir Julius Chan, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1997)
- Bill Skate, Prime Minister of Papua New Guinea (1997–1999)
- Pitcairn Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Robert Alston, Governor of the Pitcairn Islands (1994–1998)
- Mayor - Jay Warren, Magistrate of the Pitcairn Islands (1991–1999)
- Samoa
- Western Samoa changed name to Samoa on 4 July 1997
- Head of State - Malietoa Tanumafili II, O le Ao o le Malo of Samoa (1962–2007)
- Prime Minister - Tofilau Eti Alesana, Prime Minister of Samoa (1988–1998)
- Solomon Islands
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the Solomon Islands (1978–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Moses Pitakaka, Governor-General of the Solomon Islands (1994–1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Solomon Mamaloni, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1994–1997)
- Bartholomew Ulufa'alu, Prime Minister of the Solomon Islands (1997–2000)
- Tonga
- Monarch - Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, King of Tonga (1965–2006)[26]
- Prime Minister - Baron Vaea, Prime Minister of Tonga, (1991–2000)
- Tuvalu
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Tuvalu (1978–present)
- Governor-General - Sir Tulaga Manuella, Governor-General of Tuvalu (1994–1998)
- Prime Minister - Bikenibeu Paeniu, Prime Minister of Tuvalu (1996–1999)
- Vanuatu
- President - Jean Marie Leye Lenelgau, President of Vanuatu (1994–1999)
- Prime Minister - Serge Vohor, Prime minister of Vanuatu (1996–1998)
- Wallis and Futuna (French overseas territory)
- Administrator-Superior - Claude Pierret, Administrator Superior of Wallis and Futuna (1996–1998)
- President of the Territorial Assembly -
- Keleto Lakalaka, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1996–1997)
- Victor Brial, President of the Territorial Assembly of Wallis and Futuna (1997–1999)
- Western Samoa
- see under Samoa
South America
- Argentina
- President - Carlos Menem, President of Argentina (1989–1999)
- Bolivia
- President -
- Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, President of Bolivia (1993–1997)
- Hugo Banzer, President of Bolivia (1997–2001)
- President -
- Brazil
- President - Fernando Henrique Cardoso, President of Brazil (1995–2002)
- Chile
- President - Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, President of Chile (1994–2000)
- Colombia
- President - Ernesto Samper, President of Colombia (1994–1998)
- Ecuador
- President -
- Abdalá Bucaram, President of Ecuador (1996–1997)
- Fabián Alarcón, Interim President of Ecuador (1997)
- Rosalía Arteaga, Acting President of Ecuador (1997)
- Fabián Alarcón, Interim President of Ecuador (1997–1998)
- President -
- Falkland Islands (British dependent territory)
- Governor - Richard Ralph, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1996–1999)
- Chief Executive - Andrew Gurr, Chief Executive of the Falkland Islands (1994–1999)
- Guyana
- President -
- Cheddi Jagan, President of Guyana (1992–1997)
- Sam Hinds, President of Guyana (1997)
- Janet Jagan, President of Guyana (1997–1999)
- Prime Minister -
- Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1992–1997)
- Janet Jagan, Prime Minister of Guyana (1997)
- Sam Hinds, Prime Minister of Guyana (1997–1999)
- President -
- Paraguay
- President - Juan Carlos Wasmosy, President of Paraguay (1993–1998)
- Peru
- President - Alberto Fujimori, President of Peru (1990–2000)
- Prime Minister - Alberto Pandolfi, President of the Council of Ministers of Peru (1996–1998)
- Suriname
- President - Jules Wijdenbosch, President of Suriname (1996–2000)
- Uruguay
- President - Julio María Sanguinetti, President of Uruguay (1995–2000)
- Venezuela
- President - Rafael Caldera, President of Venezuela (1994–1999)
References
- ^ Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
- ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971, until then the monarch was titled Hakim of Bahrain.
- ^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
- ^ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
- ^ Hun Sen was titled Second Prime Minister between 1993 and 1998.
- ^ Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ The position of the Chairman was only declared to be the "highest office of state" by the constitution that came into effect on September 5, 1998.
- ^ In exile between 1990 and 1991.
- ^ In exile between 1990 and 1991.
- ^ Kyrgyzstan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Turkmenistan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Ali Abdullah Saleh was President of North Yemen until 1990.
- ^ Armenia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Croatia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ The Czech Republic only became independent in 1993.
- ^ Abkhazia only declared independence on 23 July 1992.
- ^ Helmut Kohl was Chancellor of West Germany until 1990.
- ^ Moldova only became independent in 1991.
- ^ Transnistria only declared independence in 1991.
- ^ Russia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ The capital was retaken by Russia in 2000 and Maskhadov was in hiding afterwards. President in exile until 2005.
- ^ Slovenia only became independent in 1991.
- ^ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state and the government of Switzerland. Within the Council, the President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
- ^ Palau only became independent in 1994.
- ^ Tonga only became independent in 1970.