This is a list of the heads of government of the modern Romanian state, from the establishment of the United Principalities to the present day.
Affiliations
The political stance of prime ministers prior to the development of a modern party system is given by:
| C (Conservative) | MC (Moderate Conservative) |
| RL (Radical Liberal) | ML (Moderate Liberal) |
The political stance of prime ministers after the development of a modern party system is given by:
| PNL = National Liberal Party (historical)/(contemporary) | PC = Conservative Party |
| PNR/PNȚ/PNȚCD = Romanian National Party/National Peasants' Party/Christian Democratic National Peasants' Party | PP = People's Party |
| PCD = Conservative-Democratic Party | Ind. = Independent |
| PND = Democratic Nationalist Party | PNC = National Christian Party |
| FRN = National Renaissance Front (from 1940 PN; Party of the Nation) | FP = Ploughmen's Front |
| PMR = Romanian Workers' Party (from 1965 PCR; Romanian Communist Party) | FSN/PDL = National Salvation Front/Democratic Liberal Party |
| PDSR = Party of Social Democracy in Romania (from 2001 PSD; Social Democratic Party) | Mil. = Military |
| PSDR = Romanian Social Democratic Party |
Interim officeholders are denoted by italics.
List of officeholders
United Principalities (1859–1881)
From 1859 to 1862, the two principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia) had each its own Government, and a Cabinet, seated in Iași and Bucharest respectively. In 1862 Alexandru Ioan Cuza changed the Constitution and there appeared a single Government and Cabinet, seated in Bucharest.
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Election | Term of office | Political party | Cabinet | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
| Presidents of the Council of Ministers (1862–1881) | ||||||||
| 1 | ) | Barbu Catargiu (1807–1862) | ? | 15 February 1862 | 8 June 1862 † | 113 days | Con. | Catargiu |
| — | ) | Apostol Arsache (1789–1869) | — | 8 June 1862 | 23 June 1862 | 15 days | Con. | |
| 2 | ) | Nicolae Crețulescu (1812–1900) | — | 24 June 1862 | 11 October 1863 | 1 year, 109 days | Mod. Lib. | Crețulescu I |
| 3 | ) | Mihail Kogălniceanu (1817–1891) | 1864 | 11 October 1863 | 26 January 1865 | 1 year, 107 days | Mod. Lib. | Kogălniceanu |
| 4 | ) | Constantin Bosianu (1815–1882) | — | 26 January 1865 | 14 June 1865 | 139 days | Mod. Lib. | Bosianu |
| (2) | | Nicolae Crețulescu (1812–1900) | — | 14 June 1865 | 11 February 1866 | 242 days | Mod. Lib. | Crețulescu II |
| 5 | ) | Ion Ghica (1816–1897) | Apr.1866 | 11 February 1866 | 10 May 1866 | 88 days | Mod. Lib. | Ghica I |
| 6 | ) | Lascăr Catargiu (1823–1899) | — | 11 May 1866 | 13 July 1866 | 63 days | Con. | Catargiu I |
| (5) | | Ion Ghica (1816–1897) | Nov.1866 | 15 July 1866 | 21 February 1867 | 221 days | Mod. Lib. | Ghica II |
| 7 | ) | Constantin A. Crețulescu (1809–1884) | — | 1 March 1867 | 4 August 1867 | 156 days | Rad. Lib. | Crețulescu |
| 8 | ) | Ștefan Golescu (1809–1874) | 1867 | 26 November 1867 | 12 May 1868 | 168 days | Rad. Lib. | Golescu |
| 9 | ) | Nicolae Golescu (1810–1877) | 1868 | 1 May 1868 | 15 November 1868 | 198 days | Rad. Lib. | Golescu |
| 10 | ) | Dimitrie Ghica (1816–1897) | — | 16 November 1868 | 27 January 1870 | 1 year, 72 days | Mod. Con. | Ghica |
| 11 | ) | Alexandru G. Golescu (1819–1881) | 1869 | 2 February 1870 | 18 April 1870 | 75 days | Mod. Lib. | Golescu |
| 12 | ) | Manolache Costache Epureanu (1823–1880) | — | 20 April 1870 | 14 December 1870 | 238 days | Con. | Epureanu I |
| (5) | | Ion Ghica (1816–1897) | — | 18 December 1870 | 11 March 1871 | 83 days | Mod. Lib. | Ghica III |
| (6) | | Lascăr Catargiu (1823–1899) | — | 11 March 1871 | 30 March 1876 | 5 years, 19 days | Con. | Catargiu II |
| 13 | ) | Ion Emanuel Florescu (1819–1893) | — | 4 April 1876 | 26 April 1876 | 22 days | Con. | Florescu I |
| (12) | | Manolache Costache Epureanu (1823–1880) | — | 6 May 1876 | 5 August 1876 | 91 days | PNL | Epureanu II |
| 14 | ) | Ion Brătianu (1821–1891) | — | 5 August 1876 | 13 March 1881 | 4 years, 220 days | PNL | I. Brătianu I–II–III |
Kingdom of Romania (1881–1947)
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Election | Term of office | Political party | Cabinet | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
| Presidents of the Council of Ministers (1881–1947) | ||||||||
| 14 | | Ion Brătianu (1821–1891) | — | 13 March 1881 | 9 April 1881 | 27 days | PNL | I. Brătianu III |
| 15 | ) | Dimitrie Brătianu (1818–1892) | — | 10 April 1881 | 8 June 1881 | 59 days | PNL | D. Brătianu |
| (14) | | Ion Brătianu (1821–1891) | — | 9 June 1881 | 20 March 1888 | 6 years, 285 days | PNL | I. Brătianu VI |
| 16 | ) | Theodor Rosetti (1837–1923) | — | 23 March 1888 | 22 March 1889 | 364 days | PC | Rosetti I–II |
| (6) | | Lascăr Catargiu (1823–1899) | — | 29 March 1889 | 3 November 1889 | 219 days | PC | Catargiu III |
| 17 | ) | Gheorghe Manu (1833–1911) | — | 5 November 1889 | 15 February 1891 | 1 year, 102 days | PC | Manu |
| (13) | | Ion Emanuel Florescu (1819–1893) | — | 2 March 1891 | 29 December 1891 | 302 days | PC | Florescu II |
| (6) | | Lascăr Catargiu (1823–1899) | 1892 | 29 December 1891 | 15 October 1895 | 3 years, 290 days | PC | Catargiu IV |
| 18 | ) | Dimitrie Sturdza (1833–1914) | — | 15 October 1895 | 2 December 1896 | 1 year, 48 days | PNL | Sturdza I |
| 19 | ) | Petre S. Aurelian (1833–1909) | — | 2 December 1896 | 12 April 1897 | 131 days | PNL | Aurelian |
| (18) | | Dimitrie Sturdza (1833–1914) | — | 12 April 1897 | 23 April 1899 | 2 years, 11 days | PNL | Sturdza II |
| 20 | ) | Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino (1833–1913) | — | 23 April 1899 | 19 July 1900 | 1 year, 87 days | PC | Cantacuzino I |
| 21 | ) | Petre P. Carp (1837–1919) | — | 19 July 1900 | 13 February 1901 | 209 days | PC | Carp I |
| (18) | | Dimitrie Sturdza (1833–1914) | 1901 | 27 February 1901 | 4 January 1906 | 4 years, 311 days | PNL | Sturdza III |
| (20) | | Gheorghe Grigore Cantacuzino (1833–1913) | — | 4 January 1906 | 24 March 1907 | 1 year, 79 days | PC | Cantacuzino II |
| (18) | | Dimitrie Sturdza (1833–1914) | 1907 | 24 March 1907 | 9 January 1909 | 1 year, 291 days | PNL | Sturdza IV |
| 22 | ) | Ion I. C. Brătianu (1864–1927) | — | 9 January 1909 | 28 December 1910 | 1 year, 353 days | PNL | I.I.C. Brătianu I–II |
| (21) | | Petre P. Carp (1837–1919) | 1911 | 29 December 1910 | 28 March 1912 | 1 year, 90 days | PC | Carp II |
| 23 | ) | Titu Maiorescu (1840–1917) | 1912 | 28 March 1912 | 31 December 1913 | 1 year, 278 days | PC | Maiorescu I–II |
| (22) | | Ion I. C. Brătianu[a] (1864–1927) | 1914 | 4 January 1914 | 28 January 1918 | 4 years, 24 days | PNL | I.I.C. Brătianu III–IV |
| 24 | ) | Alexandru Averescu[a] (1859–1938) | — | 29 January 1918 | 4 March 1918 | 34 days | Mil. | Averescu I |
| 25 | ) | Alexandru Marghiloman[a] (1854–1925) | 1918 | 5 March 1918 | 23 October 1918 | 232 days | PC | Marghiloman |
| 26 | ) | Constantin Coandă[a] (1857–1932) | — | 24 October 1918 | 29 November 1918 | 36 days | Mil. | Coandă |
| (22) | | Ion I. C. Brătianu (1864–1927) | — | 29 November 1918 | 26 September 1919 | 301 days | PNL | I.I.C. Brătianu V |
| 27 | ) | Artur Văitoianu (1864–1956) | — | 27 September 1919 | 30 November 1919 | 64 days | Mil. | Văitoianu |
| 28 | ) | Alexandru Vaida-Voevod (1872–1950) | 1919 | 1 December 1919 | 12 March 1920 | 102 days | PNR | Vaida-Voevod I |
| (24) | | Alexandru Averescu (1859–1938) | 1920 | 13 March 1920 | 16 December 1921 | 1 year, 278 days | PP | Averescu II |
| 29 | ) | Take Ionescu (1858–1922) | — | 17 December 1921 | 19 January 1922 | 33 days | PCD | Ionescu |
| (22) | | Ion I. C. Brătianu (1864–1927) | 1922 | 19 January 1922 | 29 March 1926 | 4 years, 69 days | PNL | I.I.C. Brătianu VI |
| (24) | | Alexandru Averescu (1859–1938) | 1926 | 30 March 1926 | 4 June 1927 | 1 year, 66 days | PP | Averescu III |
| 30 | ) | Barbu Știrbey (1873–1946) | — | 4 June 1927 | 20 June 1927 | 16 days | Ind. | Știrbey |
| (22) | | Ion I. C. Brătianu (1864–1927) | 1927 | 21 June 1927 | 24 November 1927 | 156 days | PNL | I.I.C. Brătianu VII |
| 31 | ) | Vintilă Brătianu (1867–1930) | — | 24 November 1927 | 9 November 1928 | 351 days | PNL | V. Brătianu |
| 32 | ) | Iuliu Maniu (1873–1953) | 1928 | 10 November 1928 | 6 June 1930 | 1 year, 208 days | PNȚ | Maniu I |
| 33 | ) | Gheorghe Mironescu (1874–1949) | — | 7 June 1930 | 12 June 1930 | 5 days | PNȚ | Mironescu I |
| (32) | | Iuliu Maniu (1873–1953) | — | 13 June 1930 | 9 October 1930 | 118 days | PNȚ | Maniu II |
| (33) | | Gheorghe Mironescu (1874–1949) | — | 10 October 1930 | 17 April 1931 | 189 days | PNȚ | Mironescu II |
| 34 | ) | Nicolae Iorga (1871–1940) | 1931 | 18 April 1931 | 5 June 1932 | 1 year, 48 days | PND | Iorga |
| (28) | | Alexandru Vaida-Voevod (1872–1950) | 1932 | 6 June 1932 | 19 October 1932 | 221 days | PNȚ | Vaida-Voevod II–III |
| (32) | | Iuliu Maniu (1873–1953) | — | 20 October 1932 | 13 January 1933 | 85 days | PNȚ | Maniu III |
| (28) | | Alexandru Vaida-Voevod (1872–1950) | — | 14 January 1933 | 13 November 1933 | 303 days | PNȚ | Vaida-Voevod IV |
| 35 | ) | Ion G. Duca (1879–1933) | 1933 | 14 November 1933 | 29 December 1933 † | 45 days | PNL | Duca |
| — | ) | Constantin Angelescu (1870–1948) | — | 29 December 1933 | 3 January 1934 | 5 days | PNL | Angelescu |
| 36 | ) | Gheorghe Tătărescu (1886–1957) | — | 4 January 1934 | 28 December 1937 | 3 years, 358 days | PNL | Tătărescu I–II–III–IV |
| 37 | ) | Octavian Goga (1881–1938) | 1937 | 29 December 1937 | 10 February 1938 | 43 days | PNC | Goga |
| 38 | ) | Patriarch Miron Cristea (1868–1939) | — | 11 February 1938 | 6 March 1939 † | 1 year, 23 days | Ind. | Cristea I–II–III |
| 39 | ) | Armand Călinescu (1893–1939) | 1939 | 7 March 1939 | 21 September 1939 † | 198 days | FRN | Călinescu |
| 40 | ) | Gheorghe Argeșanu (1883–1940) | — | 21 September 1939 | 28 September 1939 | 7 days | Mil. | Argeșanu |
| 41 | ) | Constantin Argetoianu (1871–1955) | — | 28 September 1939 | 23 November 1939 | 56 days | FRN | Argetoianu |
| (36) | | Gheorghe Tătărescu (1886–1957) | — | 24 November 1939 | 3 July 1940 | 222 days | FRN | Tătărescu V–VI |
| 42 | ) | Ion Gigurtu (1886–1959) | — | 4 July 1940 | 4 September 1940 | 62 days | FRN | Gigurtu |
| 43 | ) | Ion Antonescu[b] (1882–1946) | — | 4 September 1940 | 23 August 1944 | 3 years, 354 days | Mil. | Antonescu I–II–III |
| 44 | ) | Constantin Sănătescu (1885–1947) | — | 23 August 1944 | 5 December 1944 | 104 days | Mil. | Sănătescu I–II |
| 45 | ) | Nicolae Rădescu (1874–1953) | — | 6 December 1944 | 28 February 1945 | 84 days | Mil. | Rădescu |
| 46 | ) | Petru Groza (1884–1958) | — 1946 | 6 March 1945 | 29 December 1947 | 2 years, 298 days | FP | Groza I–II |
Romanian People's Republic/Socialist Republic of Romania (1947–1989)
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Election | Term of office | Political party | Cabinet | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
| Presidents of the Council of Ministers (informally Prime Ministers) (1947–1989) | ||||||||
| 46 | | Petru Groza (1884–1958) | — 1948 | 30 December 1947 | 2 June 1952 | 4 years, 155 days | FP | Groza III–IV |
| 47 | ) | Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (1901–1965) | — 1952 | 2 June 1952 | 4 October 1955 | 3 years, 124 days | PMR | Gheorghiu-Dej I–II |
| 48 | ) | Chivu Stoica (1908–1975) | — 1957 | 4 October 1955 | 20 March 1961 | 5 years, 167 days | PMR | Stoica I–II |
| 49 | ) | Ion Gheorghe Maurer (1902–2000) | 1961 1965 1969 | 21 March 1961 | 27 February 1974 | 12 years, 343 days | PCR | Maurer I–II–III–VI–V |
| 50 | ) | Manea Mănescu (1916–2009) | — 1975 | 27 February 1974 | 30 March 1979 | 5 years, 31 days | PCR | Mănescu I–II |
| 51 | ) | Ilie Verdeț (1925–2001) | — 1980 | 30 March 1979 | 20 May 1982 | 3 years, 51 days | PCR | Verdeț I–II |
| 52 | .jpg')) | Constantin Dăscălescu (1923–2003) | — 1985 | 21 May 1982 | 22 December 1989 | 7 years, 215 days | PCR | Dăscălescu I–II |
Romania (since 1989)
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) | Election | Term of office | Political party | Cabinet | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||||
| Prime Ministers (since 1989) | ||||||||
| — | ){kind=small} | Council of the National Salvation Frontde facto | — | 22 December 1989 | 26 December 1989 | 4 days | FSN | Provisional |
| 53 | ) | Petre Roman[c] (born 1946) | — 1990 | 26 December 1989 | 16 October 1991 | 1 year, 294 days | FSN | Roman I–II–III |
| 54 | .jpg')) | Theodor Stolojan (born 1943) | — | 16 October 1991 | 19 November 1992 | 1 year, 34 days | Ind. | Stolojan I |
| 55 | ) | Nicolae Văcăroiu (born 1943) | 1992 | 19 November 1992 | 11 December 1996 | 4 years, 22 days | PDSR | Văcăroiu |
| 56 | .JPG')) | Victor Ciorbea (born 1954) | 1996 | 12 December 1996 | 30 March 1998 | 1 year, 108 days | PNȚCD | Ciorbea |
| — | Gavril Dejeu (born 1932) | — | 30 March 1998 | 17 April 1998 | 18 days | PNȚCD | ||
| 57 | .tif.jpg')) | Radu Vasile (1942–2013) | — | 17 April 1998 | 13 December 1999 | 1 year, 240 days | PNȚCD | Vasile |
| — | Alexandru Athanasiu (born 1955) | — | 13 December 1999 | 22 December 1999 | 9 days | PSDR | ||
| 58 | ) | Mugur Isărescu (born 1949) | — | 22 December 1999 | 28 December 2000 | 1 year, 6 days | Ind. | Isărescu |
| 59 | ) | Adrian Năstase (born 1950) | 2000 | 28 December 2000 | 21 December 2004 | 3 years, 359 days | PSD | Năstase |
| — | _(cropped).jpg')) | Eugen Bejinariu (born 1959) | — | 21 December 2004 | 28 December 2004 | 7 days | PSD | |
| 60 | .jpg')) | Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu (born 1952) | 2004 | 29 December 2004 | 22 December 2008 | 3 years, 359 days | PNL | Tăriceanu I–II |
| 61 | ) | Emil Boc (born 1966) | 2008 | 22 December 2008 | 6 February 2012 | 3 years, 46 days | PDL | Boc I–II |
| — | ) | Cătălin Predoiu (born 1968) | — | 6 February 2012 | 9 February 2012 | 3 days | Ind. | Boc II |
| 62 | _(cropped).JPG')) | Mihai Răzvan Ungureanu (born 1968) | — | 9 February 2012 | 7 May 2012 | 88 days | Ind. | Ungureanu |
| 63 | ) | Victor Ponta (born 1972) | — 2012 | 7 May 2012 | 22 June 2015 | 3 years, 46 days | PSD | Ponta I–II–III–IV |
| — | ) | Gabriel Oprea (born 1961) | — | 22 June 2015 | 9 July 2015 | 17 days | UNPR | Ponta IV |
| (63) | | Victor Ponta (born 1972) | — | 9 July 2015 | 29 July 2015 | 20 days | PSD | |
| — | | Gabriel Oprea (born 1961) | — | 29 July 2015 | 10 August 2015 | 12 days | UNPR | |
| (63) | | Victor Ponta (born 1972) | — | 10 August 2015 | 5 November 2015 | 87 days | PSD | |
| — | .jpg')) | Sorin Cîmpeanu (born 1968) | — | 5 November 2015 | 17 November 2015 | 12 days | ALDE | |
| 64 | .jpg')) | Dacian Cioloș (born 1969) | — | 17 November 2015 | 4 January 2017 | 1 year, 48 days | Ind. | Cioloș |
| 65 | _(cropped).jpg')) | Sorin Grindeanu (born 1973) | 2016 | 4 January 2017 | 29 June 2017 | 176 days | PSD | Grindeanu |
| 66 | ) | Mihai Tudose (born 1967) | — | 29 June 2017 | 16 January 2018 | 201 days | PSD | Tudose |
| — | ) | Mihai Fifor (born 1970) | — | 16 January 2018 | 29 January 2018 | 13 days | PSD | |
| 67 | _(cropped).jpg')) | Viorica Dăncilă (born 1963) | — | 29 January 2018 | 4 November 2019 | 1 year, 279 days | PSD | Dăncilă |
| 68 | ) | Ludovic Orban (born 1963) | — | 4 November 2019 | 14 March 2020 | 1 year, 33 days | PNL | Orban I |
| 14 March 2020 | 7 December 2020 | Orban II | ||||||
| — | .jpg')) | Nicolae Ciucă (born 1967) | — | 7 December 2020 | 23 December 2020 | 16 days | PNL | |
| 69 | ||||||||
.jpg')) | Florin Cîțu (born 1972) Acting | 2020 | 23 December 2020 | Incumbent | 54 days | PNL | Cîțu | |
Romania used the Julian calendar prior to 1919, but all dates are given in the Gregorian calendar.
Timeline
19th century
20th century
21st century
Notes
See also
- Politics of Romania
- List of heads of state of Romania
- List of presidents of Romania
- Lists of office-holders of all nations
References
- Nicolae C. Nicolescu, Șefii de stat și de guvern ai României (1859–2003), Editura Meronia, Bucharest, 2003
- Stelian Neagoe, Istoria guvernelor României de la începuturi – 1859 până în zilele noastre – 1995, Editura Machiavelli, Bucharest, 1995
External links
- (in Romanian) Guvernele României
- Government site