Wikipedia

1130s

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
  • 1130
  • 1131
  • 1132
  • 1133
  • 1134
  • 1135
  • 1136
  • 1137
  • 1138
  • 1139
Categories:

The 1130s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1130, and ended on December 31, 1139.

Events

1130

1131

By place

Levant
  • August 21 – King Baldwin II falls seriously ill after his return from Antioch. He is moved to the patriarch's residence near the Holy Sepulchre where he bequeaths the kingdom to his daughter Melisende, her husband Fulk and their infant son, Baldwin. He takes monastic vows and dies soon after. Baldwin is buried in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at Jerusalem.[20]
  • September 14 – Melisende succeeds her father Baldwin II to the throne and reigns jointly with Fulk as King and Queen of Jerusalem. They are crowned in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre which is celebrated with festivities.
Europe
  • Ramon Berenguer III (the Great), count of Barcelona, dies after a 34-year reign. He leaves most of his Catalonian territories to his elder son Ramon Berenguer IV, who continues the fight against the Almoravid Muslims. His younger son Berenguer Ramon inherits Provence (Southern France) and will reign as Ramon I (until 1144).
  • The Knights Templars appear in the North-East of Spain and are receiving privileges from King Alfonso I (the Battler). The Templars support him to regain land from the Almoravids. Alfonso grants them exemption of tax on a fifth of the wealth taken from the Muslims. The Templars found their first stronghold in Aragon.[21]
  • October 13 – The 15-year-old Philip, eldest son of King Louis VI (the Fat) of France, dies when his horse trips over a black pig that darts out of a dung heap unexpectedly at a market in Paris.

By topic

Religion

1132

By place

Levant
Europe
England
Asia
  • June – A fire breaks out in the Chinese capital of Hangzhou, destroying 13,000 houses and forcing many to flee to the nearby hills. Due to large fires as this, the government installs an effective fire fighting force for the city. Items such as bamboo, planks, and rush-matting are temporarily exempted form taxation, 120 tons of rice are distributed among the poor. The government suspends the housing rent requirement of the city's residents.
  • The Southern Song court establishes the first permanent standing navy, with the headquarters of the Chinese admiralty based at Dinghai.

By topic

Religion

1133

By place

Europe

By topic

Religion

1134

By place

Asia
  • Count Hugh II (du Puiset), in alliance with the Egyptian city of Ashkelon, revolts against King Fulk V of Jerusalem, attempting to take Jaffa. Hugh submits to Fulk and is exiled for three years. While awaiting for a boat to Italy he is attacked by a Breton knight, but survives the attempted murder. Hugh retires to the Sicilian court of his cousin, King Roger II, who appoints him with the lordship of Gargano, where he dies soon afterwards.[30]
  • Mas'ud becomes sultan of the Seljuk dynasty in Hamadan.
  • Yelü Dashi captures Balasagun from the Kara-Khanid Khanate, marking the start of the Qara Khitai empire (and its Kangguo era) in Central Asia.
  • Wu Ge, Chinese Song Dynasty Deputy Transport Commissioner of Zhejiang, has paddle wheel warships constructed with a total of nine wheels, and others with thirteen wheels.
Europe
= Eastern Europe =
= Mediterranean =
= Scandinavia =
= Western Europe =

By topic

Culture
Religion

1135

By place

Levant
  • Spring – Shams al-Mulk Isma'il, Seljuk ruler of Damascus, sends envoys to Imad al-Din Zengi, Seljuk ruler of Mosul, to seek his protection in exchange of Damascus. Zengi crosses the Euphrates, receiving the surrender of the city of Hama. He besieges Damascus – but due to a shortage of supplies – he is forced to abandon the siege. Zengi extricates himself from Damascus, his Seljuk forces capture the fortresses at Ma'arrat and Atharib.[31]
  • Queen Melisende of Jerusalem reconciles with her husband Fulk V, after a period of estrangement occasioned by her growing power and rumors that she has had an affair with Hugh II (du Puiset), former count of Jaffa.
Europe
  • January 7 – King Harald IV returns with Danish reinforcements and the support of King Eric II (the Memorable). He captures his nephew and joint ruler Magnus IV (Sigurdsson), who is blinded, castrated – and confined in Nidarholm Abbey (located on the island of Munkholmen).
  • May 26 – King Alfonso VII is crowned as "Emperor of All Spain" (Imperator totius Hispaniae) in the Cathedral of León. The coronation is attended by Ramon Berenguer IV (his brother-in-law), Raymond V and other Spanish nobles who have recognize him as their overlord.
  • Summer – King Roger II lands with an Sicilian expeditionary force in Salerno. He splits his army, and conquers the cities of Aversa and Alife. Roger besieges Naples – but despite poor health conditions within the city, he is not able to take it, and returns again to Messina.
  • August 15 – Emperor Lothair III receives homage from Eric II, and makes him an imperial prince at the Reichstag. His diplomatic missions to Hungary and Poland results in a tribute payment. Duke Bolesław III (Wrymouth) is given Pomerania and Rügen as German fiefs.
  • Lothair III receives a Byzantine embassy at his court, on behalf of Emperor John II (Komnenos). It offers large financial subsidies for Lothair to start a campaign against Roger II. The negotiations will last for some months.[32]
  • September – King García IV (the Restorer) breaks with Alfonso VII, and makes common cause with the County of Portugal against Castile and León.
  • October – Conrad III, duke of Franconia, gives up his title as King of Italy in opposition with Lothair III. He receives a pardon and recovers his estates.
  • Pisans in the service of the Holy See (Diocese of Rome) sack the city of Amalfi.
  • A Moorish fleet raids the Catalan port-town of Elna (Southern France).[28]
England
  • December 1 – King Henry I dies at Lyons-la-Forêt in Normandy after a 35-year reign. He is succeeded by his nephew Stephen of Blois (grandson of William the Conqueror), who asserts his claim to the throne in opposition to claims by Henry's daughter Matilda (prolonged in a civil war known as The Anarchy).
  • December 26 – Stephen of Blois is crowned at Westminster Abbey in London by Archbishop William de Corbeil. Matilda (pregnant with child) and her husband Geoffrey V (the Fair) leaves for their own safety to Normandy, where she plans how to overthrow Stephen and claims the English throne for her own.
Africa
  • Summer – An Sicilian expeditionary force led by Roger II embarks from Messina and takes the island of Djerba (modern Tunisia).[33]
  • The Hammadid Emirate (modern Algeria) launches an assault against the city of Mahdia (modern Tunisia).[34]
Asia

By topic

Religion

1136

By place

Levant
  • Spring – Raymond of Poitiers, son of the late Duke William IX of Aquitaine, arrives at Antioch. Patriarch Ralph of Domfront (against the wishes of Princess Alice) arranges a marriage in secret with her 8-year-old daughter Constance. She is kidnapped and taken to the cathedral in Antioch, where Ralph hastily marries her to Raymond. Alice leaves the city, now under the control of Raymond and Ralph, and retires to Latakia, Syria.[35]
  • August 17 – Al-Rashid is deposed after a 1-year reign and flees to Isfahan (modern Iran). He is succeeded by his uncle Al-Muqtafi who becomes the new caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad (until 1160).
Europe
  • May 28 – In Russia, the people of Novgorod depose and imprison Prince Vsevolod of Pskov. Novgorod asserts its independence from Kiev, but accepts protection from neighboring Kievan princes. In July, Vsevolod along with his wife and family are released (they are exiled to an uncle in Kiev).
  • Summer – Emperor Lothair III invades southern Italy in response to the appeal of Emperor John II (Komnenos) (see 1135) and conquers Apulia from King Roger II of Sicily. Duke Grimoald of Bari, supported by Lothair III, rebels against Roger.[36]
  • December 14 – King Harald IV is murdered by Sigurd Slembe, an illegitimate son of the late King Magnus III (Barefoot). He is succeeded by his sons Inge I (the Hunchback) and his half-brother Sigurd II (only 3-year-old).
England
Africa
Asia

By topic

Arts and Culture
  • The Basilica of Saint-Denis is completed to designs by Abbot Suger in Paris, France.
  • Peter Abelard writes the Historia Calamitatum, detailing his relationship with Heloise.
Religion

1137

By place

Byzantine Empire
  • Spring – Emperor John II (Komnenos) leads a Byzantine expeditionary force into Cilicia (the Byzantine fleet guards his flank). He defeats the Armenians under Prince Leo I ("Lord of the Mountains"), and captures the cities of Mersin, Tarsus, Adana and Mamistra. Leo retreats to the great fortifications of Anazarbus – where its garrison resists for 37 days. The Byzantine siege engines batter down its walls, and the city is forced to surrender. Leo escapes into the Taurus Mountains, while the Byzantine forces march southward into the plain of Antioch.[37]
  • August 29 – John II appears before the walls of Antioch, and encamps with the Byzantine army on the north bank of the Orontes River. For several days he besiege the city, Raymond of Poitiers (prince of Antioch) is forced to surrender. He recognizes John as his suzerain and becomes with Joscelin II (count of Edessa) a vassal of the Byzantine Empire.[38]
Levant
  • March 25 – Bazwāj, a mamluk (slave) commander of Damascus, launches a military campaign against Tripoli, reaching Pilgrims' Mount. He defeats a Crusader army under Count Pons (protector of Tripoli). Pons is forced to flee into the mountains where native Christians capture him. Later, he is handed over and instantly put to death by Bazwāj.[39]
  • Summer – Battle of Ba'rin: A Crusader force led by King Fulk of Jerusalem is scattered and defeated by Imad al-Din Zengi, Seljuk governor (atabeg) of Mosul. Fulk with a small bodyguard escapes into Montferrand Castle, which is surrounded and besieged by Zengi. After negotiations, Fulk is granted his freedom in exchange for the castle.[40]
Europe
England
  • Spring – King Stephen sails to Normandy to confront Geoffrey V (the Fair) and the Angevins, who are attacking the southern areas of Normandy. Although Stephen has some success, he is not able to recapture Normandy from Matilda, daughter and heiress of the late King Henry I.[41]
  • King Gruffudd ap Cynan of Gwynedd dies after a 56-year reign, having rebuilt Welsh power overturned earlier by Henry I. He is succeeded by his son Owain Gwynedd who together with his other brothers, Cadwaladr and Cadwallon, work to revive the power of Gwynedd in Wales.
  • June 3 – A fire severely damages Rochester Cathedral, but it is soon rebuilt.[42][43]
  • June 4 – A fire destroys much of the city of York, including 39 churches and York Minster.[42][43]
  • June 27 – A fire severely damages the city of Bath.[42]
Africa
Asia
  • In China during Song Dynasty, a fire breaks out in the new capital of Hangzhou. The government suspends the requirement of rent payments, alms of 108,840 kg (120 tons) of rice are distributed to the poor, and items such as bamboo, planks and rush-matting are exempted from government taxation.

1138

By place

Europe
  • March 7 – Conrad III is elected as King of Germany in the presence of the papal legate Theodwin at Koblenz. He is crowned at Aachen six days later on March 13 and acknowledged in Bamberg by several German princes of southern Germany.[44] Henry X (the Proud), son-in-law and heir of the late King Lothair III, refuses his allegiance to Conrad. He is deprived of all his Saxon territories, which are given to Leopold IV (the Generous).
  • Summer – A civil war breaks out in the Holy Roman Empire, a struggle begins between the Guelphs and Ghibellines, while the family name Welf of Henry X will be corrupted into Guelph.
  • October 20 – Bolesław III (Wrymouth) dies after a 31-year reign. He divides Poland among his sons: Władyslaw II (the Exile) receives Silesia and the Senioral territories – which includes the Kraków and Łęczyca regions, as well as parts of Kujawy and Wielkopolska ("Greater Poland"). Bolesław IV (the Curly) receives Masovia and Mieszko III receives the newly established Duchy of Greater Poland. The 7-year-old Henry becomes duke of Sandomierz. Bolesław's last son, Casimir II receives nothing, as he is born after his father's death.[45]
England
Levant
  • Spring – Emperor John II (Komnenos) leads a Byzantine expeditionary force into Syria and arrives before the walls of Aleppo on April 20. The city proves too strong to attack, but the fortresses of Biza'a, Athareb, Maarat al-Numan and Kafartab are taken by assault. While the Byzantines besiege the city of Shaizar, the Crusader allies Prince Raymond of Poitiers of Antioch and Count Joscelin II of Edessa remain in their camp playing dice.[46]
  • Siege of Shaizar: The Byzantines under John II besiege the capital of the Munqidhite Emirate. They capture the lower city on May 20, but fail to take the citadel. John negotiates with Emir Abu'l Asakir Sultan – who sends him an offer to pay a large indemnity and becoming a vassal of the Byzantine Empire. John, disgusted by his Crusader allies, accepts the terms and raises the siege on May 21.[47]
  • October 11 – An earthquake in Aleppo, Syria, kills about 230,000 people.
Asia
  • November 5 – Lý Anh Tông is enthroned as emperor of Đại Việt at the age of two, starting a 37-year reign.

By topic

Religion

1139


By area

Asia
  • July 8 or August 21 – Battle of Yancheng: Song Dynasty general Yue Fei defeats an army led by Jin Dynasty general Wuzhu, during the Jin–Song Wars.[48]
Europe

By topic

Education
  • King's School, Pontefract, in England is founded.
Religion

Births

1130

1131

1132

1133

1134

  • June 1 – Geoffrey VI, count of Nantes (d. 1158)
  • September 9 – Abdul Razzaq Gilani, Persian jurist (d. 1207)
  • Bernhard III, German nobleman (approximate date)
  • Fujiwara no Kinshi, Japanese empress (d. 1209)
  • Gerardo dei Tintori, Italian mystic and founder (d. 1207)
  • Neophytos of Cyprus, Cypriot Orthodox priest (d. 1214)
  • Oda of Brabant (or Anderlues), Belgian prioress (d. 1158)
  • Oldřich (or Oldericus), duke of Olomouc (d. 1177)
  • Ralph I, French nobleman (approximate date)
  • Raymond V, count of Toulouse (approximate date)
  • Sancho III (the Desired), king of Castile (d. 1158)
  • Sverker I (the Elder), king of Sweden (d. 1156)
  • Yesugei (Baghatur), Mongol chieftain (d. 1171)

1135

  • Abu Yaqub Yusuf, caliph of the Almohad Caliphate (d. 1184)
  • Adachi Morinaga, Japanese warrior monk (d. 1200)
  • Albert of Chiatina, Italian archpriest and saint (d. 1202)
  • André of Brienne, French nobleman (approximate date)
  • Bogumilus, archbishop of Gniezno (approximate date)
  • Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani, Arabic Hanafi jurist (d. 1197)
  • Conrad of Hohenstaufen, German nobleman (d. 1195)
  • Fernando Afonso, Portuguese Grand Master (d. 1207)
  • Gertrude of Flanders, countess of Savoy (d. 1186)
  • Hafsa bint al-Hajj al-Rukuniyya, Andalusian poet (d. 1190)
  • Henry Fitz Eylwin, 1st Lord Mayor of London (d. 1212)
  • Herman IV, margrave of Baden and Verona (d. 1190)
  • Hugh de Willoughby, English nobleman (d. 1205)
  • Inge I (the Hunchback), king of Norway (d. 1161)
  • Joachim of Fiore, Italian theologian and mystic (d. 1202)
  • Karl Jónsson, Icelandic clergyman and poet (d. 1213)
  • Magnus Haraldsson, king of Norway (approximate date)
  • Maimonides, Almoravid philosopher and physician (d. 1204)
  • Margaret of Navarre, queen of Sicily (approximate date)
  • Minamoto no Yoshishige, Japanese samurai (d. 1202)
  • Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī, Persian mathematician (d. 1213)
  • Simone Doria, Genoese admiral (approximate date)
  • Roger de Newburgh, English nobleman (d. 1192)
  • Rudolf of Zähringen, German archbishop (d. 1191)
  • Samson of Tottington, English monk and abbot (d. 1211)
  • Walkelin de Derby (or Ferrers), Norman nobleman (d. 1190)
  • William of the White Hands, French archbishop (d. 1202)
  • Xie, Chinese empress of the Song Dynasty (d. 1207)

1136

1137

1138

1139

Deaths

1130

Pope Honorius II

1131

1132

1133

1134

1135

1136

1137

1138

1139


References

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