1076

King Bolesław II (the Generous)

Year 1076 (MLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe

• January 24 – Synod of Worms: Emperor Henry IV holds a synod in Worms (modern Germany). The assembly declares Pope Gregory VII deposed, and the bishops abandon their allegiance to him.
• February 22 – Gregory VII pronounces a sentence of excommunication against Henry IV at Rome. He is excluded from the Catholic Church, and all the bishops named by Henry are excommunicated.
• Summer – Dirk V, count of Holland, re-conquers West Frisia (modern Netherlands) from the Archdiocese of Utrecht. He besieges Bishop Conrad at the castle of IJsselmonde – taking him prisoner.
• October 8 – Demetrius Zvonimir is crowned as king of Croatia in Solin (near Split), in the Basilica of Saint Peter and Moses (known today as the Hollow Church) by a representative of Gregory VII.
• December 13 – Norman Conquest of Southern Italy: Italo-Norman forces under Robert Guiscard de Hauteville and Richard I of Capua, conquer the fortress city of Salerno – after a short siege.
• December 26 – Bolesław II (the Generous) is crowned as king of Poland by Archbishop Bogumił in the Gniezno Cathedral. Bolesław supports Gregory VII in his conflict against Henry IV.

England

• May 31 – Waltheof, one of the earls of an uprising against King William I (the Conqueror), is beheaded near Winchester (see Revolt of the Earls).
• The Trial of Penenden Heath is held, with an important ruling regarding land rights, subsequent to the Norman Conquest (approximate date).
• November 1 – In England, a frost begins that lasts until April 1077.^[1]

Africa

• Koumbi Saleh, an important mercantile and political center of the Ghana Empire (modern Mauritania), is besieged by the Almoravids (approximate date).

Asia

• Vikramaditya VI deposes his older brother Someshvara II, and becomes king of the Western Chalukya Empire (modern India).

By topic

Literature

• Anselm of Aosta, an Italian Benedictine abbot, completes the Monologion (or Monoloque) at the request of his fellow monks.

Religion

• Demetrius Zvonimir donates the Benedictine monastery of St. Gregory in Vrana to Gregory VII.

Births

• June 1 – Mstislav I (the Great), Grand Prince of Kiev (d. 1132)
• Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi, Moorish scholar and judge (d. 1148)
• Fujiwara no Sadazane, Japanese calligrapher (d. 1120)
• Hualani, Hawaiian queen and regent (approximate date)
• Urban (or Gwrgan), bishop of Llandaff (d. 1134)

Deaths

• March 18 – Ermengarde of Anjou, duchess of Burgundy
• March 21 – Robert I (the Old), duke of Burgundy (b. 1011)
• April 18 – Beatrice of Bar, French duchess and regent
• April 28 – Sweyn II (Estridsson), king of Denmark
• May 8 – Nasr ibn Mahmud, Mirdasid emir of Aleppo
• May 26 – Ramon Berenguer I, count of Barcelona (b. 1023)
• May 31 – Waltheof, earl of Northumbria (executed)
• June 4 – Sancho IV, king of Pamplona (or Navarre)
• July 15 – Arnost (or Arnošt), bishop of Rochester
• Godfrey IV (the Hunchback), duke of Lower Lorraine
• Ramihrdus of Cambrai, French priest and martyr (or 1077)
• William Busac, English nobleman (jure uxoris) (b. 1020)

References