January 16 in recent years
January 16 is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. 349 days remain until the end of the year (350 in leap years).
Events 27 BCE – Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus is granted the title Augustus by the Roman Senate , marking the beginning of the Roman Empire .[1] 378 – General Siyaj K'ak' conquers Tikal , enlarging the domain of King Spearthrower Owl of Teotihuacán .[2] 550 – Gothic War: The Ostrogoths , under King Totila , conquer Rome after a long siege, by bribing the Isaurian garrison.[3] 929 – Emir Abd-ar-Rahman III establishes the Caliphate of Córdoba.[4] 1120 – The Council of Nablus is held, establishing the earliest surviving written laws of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem .[5] 1362 – Saint Marcellus's flood kills at least 25,000 people on the shores of the North Sea.[6] 1537 – Bigod's Rebellion, an armed insurrection attempting to resist the English Reformation , begins.[7] 1547 – Grand Duke Ivan IV of Muscovy becomes the first Tsar of Russia, replacing the 264-year-old Grand Duchy of Moscow with the Tsardom of Russia.[8] 1556 – Philip II becomes King of Spain.[9] 1572 – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried and found guilty of treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England.[10] 1605 – The first edition of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha (Book One of Don Quixote ) by Miguel de Cervantes is published in Madrid, Spain .1707 – The Scottish Parliament ratifies the Act of Union , paving the way for the creation of Great Britain .[11] 1757 – Forces of the Maratha Empire defeat a 5,000-strong army of the Durrani Empire in the Battle of Narela.[12] 1780 – American Revolutionary War : Battle of Cape St. Vincent .[13] 1786 – Virginia enacts the Statute for Religious Freedom authored by Thomas Jefferson .[14] 1809 – Peninsular War : The British defeat the French at the Battle of La Coruña .1847 – John C. Frémont is appointed Governor of the new California Territory.1862 – Hartley Colliery disaster : Two hundred and four men and boys killed in a mining disaster, prompting a change in UK law which henceforth required all collieries to have at least two independent means of escape.[15] 1878 – Russo-Turkish War (1877–78): Battle of Philippopolis: Captain Aleksandr Burago with a squadron of Russian Imperial army dragoons liberates Plovdiv from Ottoman rule.1883 – The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act , establishing the United States Civil Service , is enacted by Congress.[16] 1900 – The United States Senate accepts the Anglo-German treaty of 1899 in which the United Kingdom renounces its claims to the Samoan islands .1909 – Ernest Shackleton 's expedition finds the magnetic South Pole .[17] 1919 – Nebraska becomes the 36th state to approve the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution . With the necessary three-quarters of the states approving the amendment, Prohibition is constitutionally mandated in the United States one year later.[18] 1920 – The League of Nations holds its first council meeting in Paris, France .1921 – The Marxist Left in Slovakia and the Transcarpathian Ukraine holds its founding congress in Ľubochňa.1942 – Crash of TWA Flight 3 , killing all 22 aboard, including film star Carole Lombard .[19] 1945 – Adolf Hitler moves into his underground bunker, the so-called Führerbunker .1969 – Czech student Jan Palach commits suicide by self-immolation in Prague, Czechoslovakia , in protest against the Soviets' crushing of the Prague Spring the year before.[20] 1969 – Soviet spacecraft Soyuz 4 Soyuz 5 orbit , the first-ever transfer of crew from one space vehicle to another, and the only time such a transfer was accomplished with a space walk . 1979 – The last Iranian Shah flees Iran with his family for good and relocates to Egypt .[21] 1991 – Coalition Forces go to war with Iraq , beginning the Gulf War.1992 – El Salvador officials and rebel leaders sign the Chapultepec Peace Accords in Mexico City, Mexico ending the 12-year Salvadoran Civil War that claimed at least 75,000 lives.1995 – An avalanche hits the Icelandic village Súðavík , destroying 25 homes and burying 26 people, 14 of whom died.[22] 2001 – Congolese President Laurent-Désiré Kabila is assassinated by one of his own bodyguards.2001 – US President Bill Clinton awards former President Theodore Roosevelt a posthumous Medal of Honor for his service in the Spanish–American War. 2002 – The UN Security Council unanimously establishes an arms embargo and the freezing of assets of Osama bin Laden , al-Qaeda , and the remaining members of the Taliban.2003 – The Space Shuttle Columbia takes off for mission STS-107 which would be its final one. Columbia disintegrated 16 days later on re-entry .2006 – Ellen Johnson Sirleaf is sworn in as Liberia 's new president . She becomes Africa's first female elected head of state.[23] 2016 – Thirty-three out of 126 freed hostages are injured and 23 killed in terrorist attacks in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso on a hotel and a nearby restaurant.2018 – Myanmar police open fire on a group of ethnic Rakhine protesters, killing seven and wounding twelve.[24] 2020 – The first impeachment of Donald Trump formally moves into its trial phase in the United States Senate .[25] Births 972 – Sheng Zong , emperor of the Liao Dynasty (d. 1031)1093 – Isaac Komnenos, son of Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos (d. 1152)1245 – Edmund Crouchback, English politician, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports (d. 1296)[26] 1362 – Robert de Vere , duke of Ireland (d. 1392)1409 – René of Anjou, king of Naples (d. 1480)1477 – Johannes Schöner , German astronomer and cartographer (d. 1547)1501 – Anthony Denny , confidant of Henry VIII of England (d. 1559)1516 – Bayinnaung , king of Burma (d. 1581)1558 – Jakobea of Baden, Margravine of Baden by birth, Duchess of Jülich-Cleves-Berg by marriage (d. 1597)1616 – François de Vendôme, duke of Beaufort (d. 1669)1626 – Lucas Achtschellinck , Belgian painter and educator (d. 1699)1630 – Guru Har Rai , Sikh Guru (d. 1661)1634 – Dorothe Engelbretsdatter, Norwegian author and poet (d. 1716)[27] 1675 – Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, French soldier and diplomat (d. 1755)1691 – Peter Scheemakers , Belgian sculptor and educator (d. 1781)1728 – Niccolò Piccinni , Italian composer and educator (d. 1800)1749 – Vittorio Alfieri , Italian poet and playwright (d. 1803)1757 – Richard Goodwin Keats , English admiral and politician, 3rd Commodore-Governor of Newfoundland (d. 1834)1807 – Charles Henry Davis , American admiral (d. 1877)1815 – Henry Halleck, American lawyer, general, and scholar (d. 1872)1821 – John C. Breckinridge , American general and politician, 14th Vice President of the United States (d. 1875)1834 – Robert R. Hitt , American lawyer and politician, 13th United States Assistant Secretary of State (d. 1906)1836 – Francis II of the Two Sicilies (d. 1894)[28] 1838 – Franz Brentano , German philosopher and psychologist (d. 1917)1844 – Ismail Qemali , Albanian civil servant and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Albania (d. 1919)[29] 1851 – William Hall-Jones , English-New Zealand politician, 16th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1936)1853 – Johnston Forbes-Robertson , English actor and manager (d. 1937)1853 – Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton , Greek-English general (d. 1947) 1853 – André Michelin , French businessman, co-founded the Michelin Tyre Company (d. 1931) 1870 – Jüri Jaakson , Estonian businessman and politician, State Elder of Estonia (d. 1942)1872 – Henri Büsser , French organist, composer, and conductor (d. 1973)1874 – Robert W. Service , English-Canadian poet and author (d. 1958)[30] 1875 – Leonor Michaelis , German biochemist and physician (d. 1949)1876 – Claude Buckenham , English cricketer and footballer (d. 1937)1878 – Harry Carey, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1947)1880 – Samuel Jones, American high jumper (d. 1954)1882 – Margaret Wilson, American author (d. 1973)1885 – Zhou Zuoren , Chinese author and translator (d. 1967)1888 – Osip Brik , Russian avant garde writer and literary critic (d. 1945)1892 – Homer Burton Adkins , American chemist (d. 1949)1893 – Daisy Kennedy , Australian-English violinist (d. 1981)1894 – Irving Mills , American publisher (d. 1985)1895 – Evripidis Bakirtzis , Greek soldier and politician (d. 1947)1895 – T. M. Sabaratnam, Sri Lankan lawyer and politician (d. 1966) 1895 – Nat Schachner , American lawyer, chemist, and author (d. 1955) 1897 – Carlos Pellicer , Mexican poet and academic (d. 1977)1898 – Margaret Booth , American producer and editor (d. 2002)1898 – Irving Rapper , American film director and producer (d. 1999) 1900 – Kiku Amino, Japanese author and translator (d. 1978) [31] 1900 – Edith Frank, German-Dutch mother of Anne Frank (d. 1945) [32] 1901 – Fulgencio Batista, Cuban colonel and politician, 9th President of Cuba (d. 1973)[33] 1902 – Eric Liddell, Scottish runner, rugby player, and missionary (d. 1945)[34] 1903 – William Grover-Williams , English-French racing driver (d. 1945)[35] 1905 – Ernesto Halffter , Spanish composer and conductor (d. 1989)1906 – Johannes Brenner, Estonian footballer and pilot (d. 1975)1906 – Diana Wynyard , English actress (d. 1964) 1907 – Alexander Knox , Canadian-English actor and screenwriter (d. 1995)[36] 1907 – Paul Nitze , American banker and politician, 10th United States Secretary of the Navy (d. 2004) 1908 – Sammy Crooks , English footballer (d. 1981)1908 – Ethel Merman, American actress and singer (d. 1984) 1908 – Günther Prien , German captain (d. 1941) 1909 – Clement Greenberg , American art critic (d. 1994)1910 – Dizzy Dean , American baseball player and sportscaster (d. 1974)1911 – Ivan Barrow , Jamaican cricketer (d. 1979)1911 – Eduardo Frei Montalva , Chilean lawyer and politician, 28th President of Chile (d. 1982) 1911 – Roger Lapébie , French cyclist (d. 1996) 1914 – Roger Wagner , French-American conductor and educator (d. 1992)1915 – Leslie H. Martinson , American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2016)1916 – Philip Lucock , English-Australian minister and politician (d. 1996)1917 – Carl Karcher , American businessman, founded Carl's Jr. (d. 2008)1918 – Nel Benschop , Dutch poet and educator (d. 2005)1918 – Allan Ekelund, Swedish director, producer, and production manager (d. 2009) 1918 – Clem Jones , Australian surveyor and politician, 8th Lord Mayor of Brisbane (d. 2007) 1918 – Stirling Silliphant , American screenwriter and producer (d. 1996)[37] 1919 – Jerome Horwitz , American chemist and academic (d. 2012)1920 – Elliott Reid , American actor and screenwriter (d. 2013)1921 – Francesco Scavullo , American photographer (d. 2004)1923 – Gene Feist, American director and playwright, co-founded the Roundabout Theatre Company (d. 2014)1923 – Anthony Hecht , American poet (d. 2004) 1924 – Katy Jurado , Mexican actress (d. 2002)1925 – Peter Hirsch , German-English metallurgist and academic1925 – James Robinson Risner , American general and pilot (d. 2013) 1928 – William Kennedy, American novelist and journalist1928 – Pilar Lorengar , Spanish soprano and actress (d. 1996) 1929 – Stanley Jeyaraja Tambiah , Sri Lankan anthropologist and academic (d. 2014)1930 – Mary Ann McMorrow, American lawyer and judge (d. 2013)1930 – Norman Podhoretz , American journalist and author 1930 – Paula Tilbrook , English actress (d. 2019)[38] 1931 – John Enderby, English physicist and academic1931 – Robert L. Park, American physicist and academic 1931 – Johannes Rau , German journalist and politician, 8th Federal President of Germany (d. 2006) 1932 – Victor Ciocâltea , Romanian chess player (d. 1983)1932 – Dian Fossey, American zoologist and anthropologist (d. 1985) 1933 – Susan Sontag , American novelist, essayist, and critic (d. 2004)1934 – Bob Bogle, American rock guitarist and bass player (d. 2009)1934 – Marilyn Horne , American soprano and actress 1935 – A. J. Foyt , American race car driver1935 – Udo Lattek , German footballer, manager, and sportscaster (d. 2015) 1936 – Michael White, Scottish actor and producer (d. 2016)1937 – Luiz Bueno , Brazilian racing driver (d. 2011)1937 – Francis George , American cardinal (d. 2015) 1938 – Marina Vaizey , American journalist and critic1939 – Ralph Gibson , American photographer1941 – Christine Truman , English tennis player and sportscaster1942 – René Angélil , Canadian singer and manager (d. 2016)1942 – Barbara Lynn , American singer-songwriter and guitarist 1943 – Gavin Bryars , English bassist and composer1943 – Ronnie Milsap , American singer and pianist 1944 – Dieter Moebius , Swiss-German keyboard player and producer (d. 2015)1944 – Jim Stafford , American singer-songwriter and actor 1944 – Jill Tarter , American astronomer and biologist 1944 – Judy Baar Topinka , American journalist and politician (d. 2014) 1945 – Wim Suurbier , Dutch footballer and manager1946 – Kabir Bedi , Indian actor1946 – Katia Ricciarelli , Italian soprano and actress 1947 – Elaine Murphy, Baroness Murphy , English academic and politician1947 – Harvey Proctor , English politician 1947 – Laura Schlessinger , American physiologist, talk show host, and author 1948 – John Carpenter , American director, producer, screenwriter, and composer1948 – Ants Laaneots , Estonian general 1948 – Cliff Thorburn , Canadian snooker player 1948 – Ruth Reichl , American journalist and critic 1949 – Anne F. Beiler , American businesswoman, founded Auntie Anne's 1949 – R. F. Foster , Irish historian and academic 1949 – Andrew Refshauge , Australian physician and politician, 13th Deputy Premier of New South Wales 1950 – Debbie Allen , American actress, dancer, and choreographer1950 – Robert Schimmel , American comedian, actor, and producer (d. 2010) 1952 – Fuad II, King of Egypt[39] 1952 – Piercarlo Ghinzani , Italian racing driver and manager 1953 – Robert Jay Mathews , American militant, founded The Order (d. 1984)1954 – Wolfgang Schmidt , German discus thrower1954 – Vasili Zhupikov, Russian footballer and coach (d. 2015) 1955 – Jerry M. Linenger , American captain, physician, and astronaut1956 – Wayne Daniel , Barbadian cricketer1956 – Martin Jol , Dutch footballer and manager[40] 1956 – Greedy Smith , Australian singer-songwriter and keyboardist (d. 2019) 1957 – Jurijs Andrejevs , Latvian footballer and manager1957 – Ricardo Darín , Argentinian actor, director, and screenwriter 1958 – Anatoli Boukreev , Russian mountaineer and explorer (d. 1997)1958 – Lena Ek , Swedish lawyer and politician, 9th Swedish Minister for the Environment 1958 – Andris Šķēle, Latvian businessman and politician, 4th Prime Minister of Latvia 1959 – Lisa Milroy, Canadian painter and educator1959 – Sade, Nigerian-English singer-songwriter and producer 1961 – Kenneth Sivertsen, Norwegian guitarist and composer (d. 2006)1962 – Joel Fitzgibbon , Australian electrician and politician, 51st Australian Minister of Defence 1962 – Maxine Jones , American R&B singer–songwriter and actress 1963 – James May , British journalist/co-host of Top Gear [41] 1964 – Gail Graham, Canadian golfer1966 – Jack McDowell , American baseball player1968 – Rebecca Stead, American author1969 – Marinus Bester, German footballer1969 – Stevie Jackson , Scottish guitarist and songwriter 1969 – Roy Jones Jr. , American boxer 1970 – Ron Villone , American baseball player and coach1971 – Sergi Bruguera , Spanish tennis player and coach1971 – Josh Evans, American film producer, screenwriter and actor 1971 – Jonathan Mangum , American actor 1972 – Ruben Bagger , Danish footballer1972 – Ang Christou , Australian footballer 1972 – Yuri Alekseevich Drozdov, Russian footballer and manager 1972 – Ezra Hendrickson , Vincentian footballer and manager 1972 – Joe Horn , American football player and coach 1974 – Marlon Anderson , American baseball player and sportscaster1974 – Kate Moss, English model and fashion designer 1976 – Viktor Maslov, Russian racing driver1976 – Martina Moravcová , Slovak swimmer 1977 – Jeff Foster, American basketball player1978 – Alfredo Amézaga , Mexican baseball player1979 – Aaliyah, American singer and actress (d. 2001)1979 – Brenden Morrow , Canadian ice hockey player 1979 – Jason Ward, Canadian ice hockey player 1980 – Lin-Manuel Miranda , American actor, playwright, and composer1980 – Albert Pujols , Dominican-American baseball player 1981 – Jamie Lundmark , Canadian ice hockey player1981 – Paul Rofe, Australian cricketer 1981 – Bobby Zamora , English footballer[42] 1982 – Preston, English singer-songwriter1982 – Tuncay, Turkish footballer 1983 – Emanuel Pogatetz , Austrian footballer1983 – Andriy Rusol , Ukrainian footballer 1984 – Stephan Lichtsteiner , Swiss footballer1984 – Miroslav Radović, Serbian footballer 1985 – Jayde Herrick, Australian cricketer1985 – Gintaras Januševičius, Russian-Lithuanian pianist 1985 – Twins Jonathan[43] [44] 1985 – Sidharth Malhotra, Indian actor 1986 – Johannes Rahn, German footballer1986 – Mark Trumbo, American baseball player 1986 – Reto Ziegler , Swiss footballer[45] 1987 – Jake Epstein , Canadian actor1987 – Charlotte Henshaw, English swimmer 1988 – Nicklas Bendtner , Danish footballer1988 – Jorge Torres Nilo, Mexican footballer 1991 – Matt Duchene, Canadian ice hockey player1993 – Hannes Anier, Estonian footballer1993 – Amandine Hesse, French tennis player 1995 – Mikaela Turik, Australian-Canadian cricketer1996 – Kim Jennie, Korean singer[46] 2003 – Adriana Hernández, Mexican rhythmic gymnast[47] Deaths 654 – Gao Jifu , Chinese politician and chancellor (b. 596)957 – Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Ali al-Madhara'i, Tulunid vizier (b. 871)970 – Polyeuctus of Constantinople, Byzantine patriarch (b. 956)1263 – Shinran Shonin , Japanese founder of the Jodo Shinshu branch of Pure Land Buddhism1289 – Buqa, Mongol minister1327 – Nikephoros Choumnos, Byzantine monk, scholar, and politician (b. 1250)1354 – Joanna of Châtillon , duchess of Athens (b. c.1285)1373 – Humphrey de Bohun, 7th Earl of Hereford (b. 1342)1391 – Muhammed V of Granada, Nasrid emir (b. 1338)1400 – John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter , English politician, Lord Great Chamberlain (b. 1352)1443 – Erasmo of Narni , Italian mercenary (b. 1370)1545 – George Spalatin , German priest and reformer (b. 1484)1547 – Johannes Schöner , German astronomer and cartographer (b. 1477)1554 – Christiern Pedersen , Danish publisher and scholar (b. 1480)1585 – Edward Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln , English admiral and politician (b. 1512)1595 – Murad III , Ottoman sultan (b. 1546)1659 – Charles Annibal Fabrot , French lawyer (b. 1580)1710 – Higashiyama , Japanese emperor (b. 1675)1711 – Joseph Vaz , Indian-Sri Lankan priest and saint (b. 1651)1747 – Barthold Heinrich Brockes , German poet and playwright (b. 1680)1748 – Arnold Drakenborch , Dutch lawyer and scholar (b. 1684)1750 – Ivan Trubetskoy , Russian field marshal and politician (b. 1667)1752 – Francis Blomefield , English historian and author (b. 1705)1794 – Edward Gibbon , English historian and politician (b. 1737)1809 – John Moore , Scottish general and politician (b. 1761)1817 – Alexander J. Dallas , Jamaican-American lawyer and politician, 6th United States Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1759)1834 – Jean Nicolas Pierre Hachette , French mathematician and academic (b. 1769)1856 – Thaddeus William Harris , American entomologist and botanist (b. 1795)1864 – Anton Schindler, Austrian secretary and author (b. 1795)1865 – Edmond François Valentin About , French journalist and author (b. 1828)1879 – Octave Crémazie , Canadian-French poet and bookseller (b. 1827)1886 – Amilcare Ponchielli , Italian composer and academic (b. 1834)1891 – Léo Delibes , French pianist and composer (b. 1836)1898 – Charles Pelham Villiers , English lawyer and politician (b. 1802)1901 – Jules Barbier , French poet and playwright (b. 1825)1901 – Arnold Böcklin , Swiss painter and academic (b. 1827) 1901 – Hiram Rhodes Revels , American soldier, minister, and politician (b. 1822) 1906 – Marshall Field , American businessman and philanthropist, founded Marshall Field's (b. 1834)1917 – George Dewey, American admiral (b. 1837)1919 – Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves , Brazilian lawyer and politician, 5th President of Brazil (b. 1848)1933 – Bekir Sami Kunduh, Turkish politician (b. 1867)1936 – Albert Fish , American serial killer, rapist and cannibal (b. 1870)1938 – Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay Indian author and playwright (b. 1876)1942 – Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (b. 1850)1942 – Villem Grünthal-Ridala, Estonian poet and linguist (b. 1885) 1942 – Carole Lombard , American actress and comedian (b. 1908) 1942 – Ernst Scheller, German lawyer and politician, Mayor of Marburg (b. 1899) 1957 – Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone , English general and politician, 16th Governor General of Canada (b. 1874)1957 – Arturo Toscanini , Italian cellist and conductor (b. 1867) 1959 – Phan Khôi, Vietnamese journalist and author (b. 1887)1961 – Max Schöne , German swimmer (b. 1880)1962 – Frank Hurley , Australian photographer, director, producer, and cinematographer (b. 1885)1962 – Ivan Meštrović, Croatian sculptor and architect, designed the Monument to the Unknown Hero (b. 1883) 1967 – Robert J. Van de Graaff , American physicist and academic (b. 1901)1968 – Bob Jones Sr., American evangelist, founded Bob Jones University (b. 1883)1968 – Panagiotis Poulitsas , Greek archaeologist and judge (b. 1881) 1969 – Vernon Duke , Russian-American composer and songwriter (b. 1903)1971 – Philippe Thys , Belgian cyclist (b. 1890)1972 – Teller Ammons , American soldier and politician, 28th Governor of Colorado (b. 1895)1972 – Ross Bagdasarian, Sr. , American singer-songwriter, pianist, producer, and actor, created Alvin and the Chipmunks (b. 1919) 1973 – Edgar Sampson , American musician and composer (b. 1907)1975 – Israel Abramofsky, Russian-American painter (b. 1888)1978 – A. V. Kulasingham, Sri Lankan journalist, lawyer, and politician (b. 1890)1981 – Bernard Lee , English actor (b. 1908)[48] 1983 – Virginia Mauret, American musician and dancer1986 – Herbert W. Armstrong , American evangelist, author, and publisher (b. 1892)1987 – Bertram Wainer , Australian physician and activist (b. 1928)1988 – Andrija Artuković, Croatian politician, war criminal, and Porajmos perpetrator , 1st Minister of Interior of the Independent State of Croatia (b. 1899)1990 – Lady Eve Balfour , British farmer, educator, and founding figure in the organic movement (b. 1898)[49] 1995 – Eric Mottram , English poet and critic (b. 1924)1996 – Marcia Davenport , American author and critic (b. 1903)1996 – Kaye Webb, English journalist and publisher (b. 1914) 1999 – Jim McClelland, Australian lawyer, jurist, and politician, 12th Minister for Industry and Science (b. 1915)2000 – Robert R. Wilson , American physicist and academic (b. 1914)2001 – Auberon Waugh , English author and journalist (b. 1939)2002 – Robert Hanbury Brown , English astronomer and physicist (b. 1916)2003 – Richard Wainwright, English politician (b. 1918)2004 – Kalevi Sorsa , Finnish politician 34th Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1930)2005 – Marjorie Williams , American journalist and author (b. 1958)2006 – Stanley Biber , American soldier and physician (b. 1923)2009 – Joe Erskine , American boxer and runner (b. 1930)2009 – John Mortimer , English lawyer and author (b. 1923)[50] 2009 – Andrew Wyeth, American painter (b. 1917)[51] 2010 – Glen Bell , American businessman, founded Taco Bell (b. 1923)2010 – Jyoti Basu , Indian lawyer and politician, 9th Chief Minister of West Bengal (b. 1914) 2010 – Takumi Shibano, Japanese author and translator (b. 1926) 2012 – Joe Bygraves, Jamaican-English boxer (b. 1931)2012 – Jimmy Castor , American singer-songwriter and saxophonist (b. 1940) 2012 – Sigursteinn Gíslason, Icelandic footballer and manager (b. 1968) 2012 – Lorna Kesterson, American journalist and politician (b. 1925) 2012 – Gustav Leonhardt , Dutch pianist, conductor, and musicologist (b. 1928) 2013 – Wayne D. Anderson, American baseball player and coach (b. 1930)2013 – André Cassagnes, French technician and toy maker, created the Etch A Sketch (b. 1926) 2013 – Gussie Moran, American tennis player and sportscaster (b. 1923) 2013 – Pauline Phillips , American journalist and radio host, created Dear Abby (b. 1918) 2013 – Glen P. Robinson, American businessman, founded Scientific Atlanta (b. 1923) 2014 – Gary Arlington, American author and illustrator (b. 1938)2014 – Ruth Duccini, American actress (b. 1918) 2014 – Dave Madden , Canadian-American actor (b. 1931) 2014 – Hiroo Onoda, Japanese lieutenant (b. 1922) 2015 – Miriam Akavia , Polish-Israeli author and translator (b. 1927)2015 – Yao Beina, Chinese singer (b. 1981) 2016 – Joannis Avramidis, Greek sculptor (b. 1922)2016 – Ted Marchibroda , American football player and coach (b. 1931) 2017 – Eugene Cernan , American captain, pilot, and astronaut (b. 1934)2018 – Ed Doolan , British radio presenter (b. 1941)[52] 2018 – Oliver Ivanović, Kosovo Serb politician (b. 1953)[53] 2019 – John C. Bogle, American businessman, investor, and philanthropist (b. 1929)[54] 2019 – Lorna Doom, American musician (b. 1958)[55] 2019 – Chris Wilson, Australian musician (b. 1956)[56] 2020 – Christopher Tolkien , British academic and editor (b. 1924)[57] 2021 – Pedro Trebbau, German-born Venezuelan zoologist (b. 1929 )[58] 2021 - Chris Cramer, British journalist (b.1948)[59] Holidays and observances References ^ Gibbon, Edward (2003). Mueller, Hans-Friedrich (ed.). The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. Abridged edition 9780375758119 . ^ Braswell, Geoffrey E. (2004). The Maya and Teotihuacan: Reinterpreting Early Classic Interaction 9780292705876 . ^ Wolfram, Herwig (1988). History of the Goths 9780520069831 . ^ O'Callaghan, Joseph F. (1994). A History of Nedieval Spain 9780801492648 . ^ Duggan, Lawrence G. (2013). Armsbearing and the Clergy in the History and Canon Law of Western Christianity 9781843838654 . ^ Stephen Moss (2011-01-20). "Weatherwatch: The Grote Mandrenke" . Guardian. Retrieved 2020-06-19 . ^ Altazin, Keith (2011). "The northern clergy and the Pilgrimage of Grace" . LSU Doctoral Dissertations . 543 – via LSU Digital Commons ; "Participants in the Pilgrimage of Grace (act. 1536–1537)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 10.1093/ref:odnb/95587 . Retrieved 2021-01-15 .(Subscription or UK public library membership required.) ^ Payne, Robert; Romanoff, Nikita (2002). Ivan the Terrible 9780815412298 . ^ Hume, Martin A.S. (1897). Philip II of Spain 38863795 . ^ Perry, Maria (1990). The Word of a Prince: A Life of Queen Elizabeth I From Contemporary Documents . Woodbridge, Suffolk, U.K.: The Boydell Press. p. 211. ISBN 9780851152615 . ^ Leadam, I.S. (1909). Hunt, William; Poole, Reginald Lane (eds.). The Political History of England. Volume 9: From the Accession of Anne to the Death of George II (1702-1760) ^ Jaswant Lal Mehta (2005). Advanced study in the history of modern India 1707-1813 1-932705-54-6 . ^ Bruce, Anthony; Cogar, William (1998). Encyclopedia of Naval History 9781579581091 . ^ Peterson, Merrill Daniel; Vaughan, Robert C., eds. (2002). The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom: Its Evolution and Consequences in American History 9780521892988 . ^ Coxe, Eckley B. (1874). "Mining Legislation" . Journal of Social Science : 19. Retrieved January 16, 2020 . ^ Adkins, Randall E. (2008). The Evolution of Political Parties, Campaigns, and Elections: Landmark Documents, 1787-2007 9780872895782 . ^ R. K. Headland (1989). Chronological List of Antarctic Expeditions and Related Historical Events 978-0-521-30903-5 . ^ "Nation Voted Dry". The New York Times . January 17, 1919. pp. 1, 4. ^ "The Final Curtain" . Billboard . January 24, 1942. p. 29. Retrieved January 16, 2020 .^ McRae, Robert Grant (1997). Resistance and Revolution: Vaclav Havel's Czechoslovakia 9780886293161 . ^ Edward H. Lawson; Mary Lou Bertucci (1996). 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