1310s

The 1310s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1310, and ended on December 31, 1319.

Events

1310

January–December

• January – Forces of the Kingdom of Castile retreat from the Siege of Algeciras, after enduring severe losses, and secure a peace treaty.
• March – Muhammed III, former Sultan of the Emirate of Granada, is blinded and found dead in a pool, after an attempted coup to retake his throne from his brother Nasr.
• May 11 – In France, 54 members of the Knights Templar are burned at the stake for heresy.

Date unknown

• Abu al-Fida becomes governor of Hama.
• The first purpose-built accommodation for students (the Mob Quad) is completed in Merton College, Oxford, England.
• Basarab I, after the battle against the Tatars, is named "big prince" of Wallachia by the feudal lords of the region. The country remains under Hungarian domination until the Battle of Posada on 12 October, 1330.

1311

January–December

• January 6 – Henry VII is crowned King of Italy in Milan, and on February 12 crushes a local rebellion.
• March 15 – Battle of Halmyros: The Catalan Company defeats Walter V, Count of Brienne and his forces, to take control of the Duchy of Athens.^[1]
• April 7 – Battle of Wopławki: The Teutonic Knights defeat the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
• August 16 – The Parliament of England presents the Ordinances of 1311 to King Edward II (document dated 5 October; published on 11 October); these substitute the 21 Lord Ordainers for the King as the effective government of the country.^[2]
• October 16 – The Council of Vienne begins.

Date unknown

• Bolingbroke Castle passes to the House of Lancaster.
• Lincoln Cathedral in England is completed; with the spire reaching around 525 feet (160 m),^[3] it becomes the world's tallest structure (surpassing the Great Pyramid of Giza, which held the record for almost 4,000 years), a record it holds until the spire is blown down in 1549.

1312

January–December

• April – Pope Clement V forcibly disbands the Knights Templar. This is following years of persecution of the Knights Templar, initially started on Friday, October 13, 1307, in collusion with King Philip "The Fair" Le Bel of France.
• June 15 – Battle of Rozgony: King Charles I of Hungary defeats the family of Palatine Amade Aba.
• June 29 – Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor is crowned in the Lateran Palace, due to St Peter's Basilica being occupied by Romans hostile to him.
• September 27 – The Charter of Kortenberg is signed, and is possibly the first constitution which allows democratic decisions in feudal mainland Europe.
• October 31 – Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor is forced to abandon his campaign against Florence.

Date unknown

• Battle of Amorgos: The Knights Hospitaller, newly based on Rhodes, defeat a Turkish fleet.^[4]
• The Siege of Rostock begins.
• The Canary Islands are "rediscovered" by Lancelotto Malocello, a Genoese navigator, who sails to Lanzarote, and remains there for almost two decades.^[5]

1313

January–December

• November 9 – Battle of Gammelsdorf: Louis the Bavarian defeats his cousin Frederick I of Austria.

Date unknown

• The Siege of Rostock ends.
• Stefan Milutin of Serbia founds the Banjska Monastery.
• Wang Zhen, Chinese Yuan dynasty agronomist, government official, and inventor of wooden-based movable type printing, publishes the Nong Shu (Book of Agriculture).

1314

• March 18 – Jacques de Molay, the 23rd and the last Grand Master of the Knights Templar, is burned at the stake in Paris, France.
• April 4 – Exeter College, Oxford is founded in England by Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Exeter.
• June 24 – Battle of Bannockburn: Scottish forces led by Robert the Bruce defeat Edward II of England, regaining Scotland's independence.^[6]
• August 31 – King Haakon V of Norway moves his capital from Bergen to Oslo, where he builds Akershus Fortress, from which Norway is ruled for the next 500 years.
• October 19 – Frederick the Fair of the House of Habsburg is elected King of the Romans at Sachsenhausen (Frankfurt am Main), by four of the electors, being crowned on November 25 at Bonn Minster.
• October 20 – Louis IV of the House of Wittelsbach is elected King of the Romans at Sachsenhausen by five of the electors, being crowned on November 25 at Aachen.
• November 29 – Philip IV of France dies, possibly very much affected by the Tour de Nesle Affair, and is succeeded by Louis X.
• Undated – Amda Seyon starts to rule as Emperor of Ethiopia. He defeats the Muslims at Ifat.

1315

January–December

• May 9 – Eudes IV succeeds Hugh V as Duke of Burgundy.
• August – Louis X is crowned King of France at Reims.
• August 13 – Louis X of France marries Clemence d'Anjou.
• August 29 – Battle of Montecatini: Pisa defeats the forces of Florence and Naples.
• September – Battle of Moiry Pass (Bruce campaign in Ireland): Edward Bruce (brother of the King of Scotland), with a Scots-Irish army, defeats a garrison of Hiberno-Norman troops of the Lordship of Ireland at Armagh, as part of his attempt to revive the High Kingship of Ireland.
• October 25 – Banastre Rebellion: Adam Banastre, Henry de Lea and William Bradshaw attack Liverpool Castle.
• November 15 – Battle of Morgarten: The Swiss defeat Leopold of Austria on the shore of the Ägerisee, ensuring independence for the Swiss Confederation.^[7]

Date unknown

• Louis X of France abolishes slavery within the Kingdom of France.
• Hōjō Mototoki becomes Kamakura shōgun of Japan.
• John XIII Glykys becomes Patriarch of Constantinople.
• Flushing, Netherlands is granted city rights.
• Witzlaw III, prince of Rügen, builds Hejehdbhdd castle at Barth.
• Emir Ismael Abu-I-Walid orders the Jews of Granada to don the yellow badge.
• Dassel, Germany is granted city rights.
• The Kos Fortress is erected by the Knights Hospitallers in Greece.
• The Arsenian schism ends.
• History of Sudan (Coming of Islam to the Turkiyah): A Muslim prince of Nubian royal blood ascends the throne of Dongola as king.
• Estimation: Cairo, capital of Mamluk Egypt becomes the largest city of the world, taking the lead from Hangzhou in Mongolian China.
• The Borough of Liverpool, along with Liverpool Castle, is granted to Robert de Holland.
• The Great Famine of 1315–1317 begins.

1316

January–December

• January 28–March 18 – Llywelyn Bren revolts against English rule in Wales.
• February 22 – Battle of Picotin: Ferdinand of Majorca defeats the forces of Matilda of Hainaut on the Peloponnese.
• July 5 – Battle of Manolada: Forces of the Duchy of Burgundy defeat the Kingdom of Majorca, kill its king, Ferdinand, and conquer the Principality of Achaea.
• August – Battle of Gransee: A North German-Danish alliance, led by Henry II of Mecklenburg, decisively defeats the forces of Waldemar of Brandenburg.
• August 7 – Pope John XXII succeeds Pope Clement V as the 196th pope.
• August 10 – Second Battle of Athenry: Norman rule is retained in Ireland, at the cost of over 5,000 dead.

Date unknown

• The Great Famine of 1315–1317 is at its peak.
• The Pound sterling experiences the greatest year of inflation in its history, at 100.04 percent, losing over half its value.^[8]
• The Au peninsula in Switzerland is first mentioned as "Owe", belonging to the commandry of the Knights Hospitaller in Bubikon.

1317

December

• December 10–11 – King Birger of Sweden has his brothers, Dukes Eric and Valdemar, captured and thrown into a dungeon during the Nyköping Banquet, as a revenge for their imprisonment of him in the Håtuna games in 1306. As the dukes soon starve to death in the dungeon, their followers rebel against the king, throwing Sweden into civil war, in which the king is deposed in 1318.

Date unknown

• The Great Famine of 1315-1317 comes to an end.
• The weak Black Death epidemic spreads through the southern parts of Asia.
• Pope John XXII erects the dioceses of Luçon, Maillezais and Tulle, and issues the decretal Spondent Pariter prohibiting alchemy, but not chemistry (which John himself had studied).
• A Hungarian document mentions for the first time Basarab as leader of Wallachia (historians estimate he was on the throne since about 1310). Basarab will become the first voivode of Wallachia as an independent state, and founder of the House of Basarab.

1318

January–December

• March – King Birger of Sweden is deposed, and forced to flee to Denmark (alternative date is April).
• April 1 – Berwick-upon-Tweed is retaken by the Scottish from the English.
• April – The inhabitants of Benevento, Italy rise against the Pope, and demand some political autonomy. The rebellion is crushed by William of Frejus, and the archbishop of Naples.^[9]
• May 11 – Battle of Dysert O'Dea: The Irish armies of Conor O'Dea defeat the Hiberno-Normans under Richard de Clare.
• June 27 – Mats Kettilmundsson is appointed regent (rikshövitsman) of Sweden, in the absence of a Swedish king.
• October 14 – Battle of Faughart: An Hiberno-Norman force defeats a Scots-Irish army commanded by Edward Bruce (who is killed in the battle), ending the Bruce campaign in Ireland.

Date unknown

• Emperor Go-Daigo succeeds Emperor Hanazono on the throne of Japan.
• Pope John XXII declares the doctrines of the Franciscans, advocating ecclesiastical poverty, erroneous.
• Disease hits cattle and sheep, reducing the herds and flocks in Europe.
• Qala'un Mosque, Cairo, Egypt is founded by Al-Nasr Muhammad.

1319

January–December

• May 8 – Upon the death of his maternal grandfather, King Haakon V, three-year-old Magnus Eriksson becomes King of Norway.^[10]
• July 8 – Three-year-old Magnus Eriksson is elected king of Sweden, thus establishing a union with Norway.^[10] His mother Ingeborg of Norway is given a place in the regency, in both Sweden and Norway.
• July 23 – A Knights Hospitaller fleet scores a crushing victory over an Aydinid fleet, off Chios.
• September 20 – Battle of Myton: The forces of Robert the Bruce defeat an English army.
• December 22 – The infante James of Aragon renounces his right to inherit the Crown of Aragon and his marriage to Eleanor of Castile, in order to become a monk.

Significant people

• Louis the Bavarian
• Wang_Zhen_(inventor)

Births

1310

• April 30 – King Casimir III of Poland (d. 1368)
• May 5 – Preczlaw of Pogarell, Cardinal and Bishop of Wrocław (d. 1376)
• November 29 – John de Mowbray, 3rd Baron Mowbray, English baron (d. 1361)
• November 30 – Frederick II, Margrave of Meissen (d. 1349)
• date unknown
  • Margaret I, Countess of Burgundy (d. 1382)
  • Gil Alvarez De Albornoz, Spanish cardinal
  • Guillaume Tirel, French chef (d. 1395)
  • Pope Urban V (d. 1370)^[11]

1311

• January 28 or 1312 – Joan II of Navarre, queen regnant of Navarre (d. 1349)
• June 24 or 1314 – Philippa of Hainault, queen of Edward III of England (d. 1369)
• August 13 – King Alfonso XI of Castile (d. 1350)
• July 1 – Liu Bowen, Chinese military strategist, officer, statesman and poet (d. 1375)
• date unknown
  • Peter I, Duke of Bourbon (d. 1356)
  • Margaret II, Countess of Hainaut (d. 1356)

1312

• November 13 – King Edward III of England (d. 1377)^[12]
• date unknown
  • William Donn de Burgh, 3rd Earl of Ulster (d. 1333)
  • Agnes, Countess of Dunbar, defender of Dunbar (d. 1369)
  • William II, Duke of Athens (d. 1338)

1313

• February 9 – Maria of Portugal, Portuguese infanta (d. 1357)
• July 20 – John Tiptoft, 2nd Baron Tibetot (d. 1367)
• August 1 – Emperor Kōgon of Japan (d. 1364)
• date unknown
  • Bartolus de Saxoferrato, Italian law professor (d. 1357)
  • Giovanni Boccaccio, Italian writer (d. 1375)

1314

• March 10 – King Ramathibodi I of Ayutthaya (d. 1369)
• June 24 – Philippa of Hainault, Queen consort of Edward III of England (d. 1369)
• date unknown – Valdemar III of Denmark (d. 1364)

1315

• April 5 – James III of Majorca (d. 1349)
• May 20 – Bonne of Luxembourg, Queen of John II of France (d. 1349)

1316

Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor

• March 2 – King Robert II of Scotland (d. 1390)
• April or May – Magnus IV, king of Sweden 1319–1364 (d. 1374)
• May 14 – Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor and king of Bohemia (d. November 29 1378)
• November 7 – Simeon of Russia (d. 1353)
• November 15 – King John I of France (d. November 20)
• date unknown – Fa Ngum, King of Lan Xang (d. 1393)

1317

• Michael 2nd Baron Poynings, English knight (d. 1369)
• Euphemia of Sweden, princess (d. 1370)

1318

• June 18 – Eleanor of Woodstock, countess regent of Guelders, eldest daughter of King Edward II of England (d. 1355)^[13]
• September 11 – Eleanor of Lancaster (d. 1372)
• date unknown – Margarete Maultasch, Countess of Tyrol (d. 1369)
• probable
  • Albert II, Duke of Mecklenburg
  • Pope Urban VI (d. 1389)

1319

• March 20 – Laurence Hastings, 1st Earl of Pembroke (d. 1348)
• April 26 – King John II of France (d. 1364)
• September 5 – King Peter IV of Aragon (d. 1387)
• date unknown
  • James I, Count of La Marche (d. 1362)
  • Märta Ulfsdotter, Swedish lady-in-waiting (d. 1371)
  • Charles, Duke of Brittany (d. 1364)
  • John of Bridlington, English saint (d. 1379)
  • Kikuchi Takemitsu, Japanese general (d. 1373)
  • Stephen II, Duke of Bavaria (d. 1375)
  • Bernabò Visconti, Italian soldier and statesman (d. 1385)
• possible – Murad I, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1389)

Deaths

1310

• March – Muhammed III, Sultan of Granada (b. 1256)
• May 22 – Saint Humility, Italian founder of the Vallumbrosan Nuns (b. c. 1226)
• June 1 – Marguerite Porete, French mystic (burned at the stake)
• June 5 – Amalric, Prince of Tyre (b. c. 1272)
• October 1 – Beatrice of Burgundy, Lady of Bourbon (b. 1257)
• October 28 – Ecumenical Patriarch Athanasius I of Constantinople (b. 1230)
• December 10 – Stephen I, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1271)
• date unknown
  • Shams al-Din ibn Ashraf Al-Samarqandi, Samarkandi astronomer (b. 1250)
  • George Pachymeres, Byzantine historian (b. 1242)

1311

• January 27 – Külüg Khan, Emperor Wuzong of Yuan
• March 3 – Antony Bek, bishop of Durham
• March 15 – at the Battle of Halmyros:
  • Walter V, Count of Brienne, Duke of Athens
  • Thomas III d'Autremencourt, Lord of Salona, Marshal of Achaea
  • Albert Pallavicini, Margrave of Bodonitza
  • George I Ghisi, Triarch of Euboea, Baron of Chalandritsa, Lord of Tinos, Mykonos, Serifos and Keos
• May 29 – James II of Majorca (b. 1243)
• August 13 – Pietro Gradenigo, Doge of Venice
• September 5 – Amadeus Aba, Hungarian oligarch
• December 14 – Margaret of Brabant, German queen consort (b. 1276)
• date unknown
  • David VIII of Georgia (b. 1273)
  • Arnold of Villanova, Spanish alchemist and physician (b. 1235)
  • Mangrai, founding king of Lan Na (b. 1238)
• probable – Bernard Saisset, Occitan bishop of Pamiers (b. 1232)

1312

• May 13 – Theobald II, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1263)
• June 19 – Piers Gaveston, favourite of Edward II of England
• August 27 – Arthur II, Duke of Brittany (b. 1262)
• September 7 – King Ferdinand IV of Castile (b. 1285)^[14]
• October 27
  • John II, Duke of Brabant (b. 1275)
  • Gentile Portino da Montefiore, Italian cardinal^[15]
• November 6 – Christina von Stommeln, Roman Catholic mystic and stigmatic (b. 1242)
• November 9 – Otto III, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1261)
• December 7 – Michael II, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch^[16]
• date unknown
  • Eschiva of Ibelin, sovereign Lady of Beirut (b. 1253)
  • Tokhta, khan of the Blue Horde
  • Zayn al-Din al-Amidi, blind Arab scholar

1313

• March – Guillaume de Nogaret, councillor and keeper of the seal to Philip IV of France
• May 11 – Robert Winchelsey, Christian theologian and Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1245)
• August 24 – Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1275)
• September 3 – Anna of Bohemia (b. 1290)
• September 13 – Notburga, Austrian saint (b. 1265)
• September 26 – Gottfried von Hagenau, Alsatian theologian, medical doctor, and poet (b. probably in the 1270s)
• November 18 – Constance of Portugal, Portuguese infanta (b. 1290)
• date unknown
  • Arnaldus de Villa Nova, Aragonese alchemist (b. 1235)
  • Elizabeth of Hungary, Queen of Serbia (b. c. 1255)
  • Giorgi VI the Minor, King of Georgia
  • Jeanne la Fouacière, French linen merchant
  • John Schorne, rector of North Marston in the English county of Buckinghamshire
  • Hugo von Trimberg, German Catholic didactic author of the Middle Ages

1314

• January 30 – Nicholas III of Saint Omer, co-lord of Thebes, Marshal of Achaea
• February 8 – Helen of Anjou, queen of Serbia (b. 1236)
• March 4 – Jakub Świnka, Polish Catholic priest
• March 18
  • Jacques de Molay, last Grand Master of the Knights Templar
  • Geoffroy de Charney, Preceptor of Normandy for the Knights Templar
• April 20 – Pope Clement V (b. 1264)
• June 23 – Henry de Bohun, English knight personally killed by Robert the Bruce
• October 21 – Geoffrey de Geneville, 1st Baron Geneville
• November 20 – Albert the Degenerate, Landgrave of Thuringia
• November 29 – King Philip IV of France (b. 1268)
• date unknown – Giovanni Pisano, Italian sculptor (b. 1250)

1315

• February or March – Margaret of Villehardouin, Lady of Akova (b. 1266)
• March 10 – Agnes Blannbekin, Austrian Beguine mystic^[17]
• May 9 – Hugh V, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1282)
• June 29 – Ramon Llull, Spanish philosopher (b. 1235)
• August 12 – Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick, English nobleman
• August 15 or April 30 – Margaret of Burgundy, Queen of France (b. 1290)
• August 29
  • Charles of Taranto (b. 1296)
  • Peter Tempesta, Count of Eboli (b. 1291)

1316

• March 2 – Marjorie Bruce, Scottish princess, daughter of Robert I of Scotland (b. 1296)
• March 12 – King Stefan Dragutin of Serbia
• June 5 – King Louis X of France (b. 1289)
• July 5 – Infante Ferdinand of Majorca (b. 1278)
• August 2 – Louis of Burgundy, Prince of Achaea (b. 1297)
• August 10 – Felim mac Aedh Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht (in battle)
• November 20 – King John I of France (b. November 15)
• date unknown
  • Guillaume Guiart, French chronicler and poet
  • Guo Shoujing, Chinese astronomer and mathematician
  • Vytenis, Grand Prince of Lithuania
  • Alauddin Khalji, sultan of Delhi, India
  • Sang Sapurba, progenitor of the Malay kings of Malacca and Majapahit (b. 1245)
  • Öljaitü, Khan of the Ilkhanate

1317

• February 7 – Robert, Count of Clermont, French founder of the House of Bourbon (b. 1256)
• c. June 23 – Thawun Gyi, ruler of Toungoo, assassinated (b. c. 1258)
• October 8 – Emperor Fushimi of Japan (b. 1265)
• November 28 – Yishan Yining, Zen monk and writer from China who taught in Japan (b. 1247)
• date unknown
  • Ramkhamhaeng the Great, King of Sukhothai (b. 1239)
  • Madhvacharya, Indian saint (b. 1238)
  • Agnes of Montepulciano, Italian saint (b. 1268)
  • Boniface of Verona
  • John I Orsini, Count of Cephalonia

1318

• February 14 – Marguerite of France, queen of Edward I of England (b. 1282)
• October 14 – Edward Bruce, High King of Ireland (b. 1275)
• November 22 – Mikhail Yaroslavich, Russian prince (b. 1271)
• date unknown
  • Llywelyn Bren, Welsh rebel
  • Heinrich Frauenlob, Bohemian musician
  • Rashid-al-Din Hamadani, Persian writer and historian (b. 1247)
  • Erik Magnusson, Swedish Duke, brother of King Birger (starved in a dungeon at Nyköpingshus)
  • Valdemar Magnusson, Swedish Duke, brother of King Birger (starved in a dungeon at Nyköpingshus)

1319

• May 8 – King Haakon V of Norway (b. 1270)
• May 19 – Louis, Count of Évreux, son of King Philip III of France (b. 1276)
• August 12 – Rudolf I, Duke of Bavaria (b. 1274)
• August 14 – Waldemar, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal (b. c. 1280)
• November 1 – Uguccione della Faggiuola, Italian condottieri (b. c. 1250)
• November 2 – John Sandale, Bishop of Winchester
• November 13 – King Eric VI of Denmark (b. 1274)
• date unknown
  • Guan Daosheng, Chinese painter and poet (b. 1262)
  • Ingeborg Magnusdotter of Sweden, queen consort of Denmark (b. 1277)
  • Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī, Persian scientist (b. 1267)
  • Jordan Óge de Exeter, Anglo-Irish knight
  • Remigio dei Girolami, Italian theologian (b. 1235)

References