Wikipedia

List of road-rail bridges

Road–rail bridges are bridges shared by road and rail lines. Road and rail may be segregated so that trains may operate at the same time as cars (e.g., the Sydney Harbour Bridge). The rail track can be above the roadway or vice versa with truss bridges. Road and rail may share the same carriageway so that road traffic must stop when the trains operate (like a level crossing), or operate together like a tram in a street (street running).

Road–rail bridges are sometimes called combined bridges.[1]

Afghanistan

Afghanistan–Uzbekistan Friendship Bridge
  • Afghanistan–Uzbekistan Friendship Bridge between Termez and Jeyretan.

Argentina

Australia

Current

Former

Paringa Bridge showing bicycle path on former railway through the middle
  • Menindee, New South Wales – separated in the 1970s.
  • Penrith, New South Wales – separated in 1907.
  • Pyrmont Bridge, Sydney, New South Wales (carried road traffic until 1984; carried Sydney Monorail 1988-2013).
  • Tocumwal, New South Wales – separated in the 1980s.
  • Murray Bridge, South Australia[6]
  • Paringa Bridge, South Australia (1927)[7]
  • Echuca (Victoria) –Moama (NSW), opened in 1879, road only since new rail-only bridge opened in 1989.
  • Gonn Crossing, 1926, on the Kerang-Stony Crossing (NSW) railway line. Road only since the rail line closed in 1964.
  • Robinvale, Victoria, 1927, as part of the Lette railway line. Road only after construction of the line was abandoned in 1943. Replaced by a new road bridge in 2006.[8]
  • Camden, NSW, Rail bridge attached to the road bridge until branch closure in the 1960s.
  • North Richmond NSW, Rail bridge attached to the road bridge on the Kurrajong Line until branch closure in 1952.
  • Lapstone Viaduct NSW, rail viaduct on The Little Zig Zag converted to road traffic after the realignment of the Railway.

Bangladesh

Botswana

  • Kazungula Bridge

Brazil

Bulgaria

Burma

  • Mu River
  • Ye River – 240m
  • Thanlwin Bridge in Moulmein, which is 2400m long

Cameroon

Canada

Alberta
British Columbia
Nova Scotia
  • Canso Canal Bridge, Port Hastings
Ontario
Québec
Saskatchewan
  • St. Louis Bridge – 1915 rail only; 1928 road–rail; 1983; road only.
  • Canadian Northern Railway Bridge (Prince Albert) – 1909–1960 road–rail; 1960 rail only;
  • Crooked Bridge – 1930
  • CPR Bridge (Saskatoon) rail 1908; rail and pedestrian 1909

China

See also: Bridges and tunnels across the Yangtze River
  • Caiyuanba Bridge (6 lanes highway and CRT line 3)
  • Chaotianmen Bridge (6 lanes highway and CRT loop line)
  • Daxie Bridge
  • Dingshan Bridge (G212 and CRT line 5)
  • Dongshuimen Yangtze River Bridge (4 lanes highway and CRT line 6)
  • Ganjiang Bridge (2 lanes road and Beijing–Kowloon railway)
  • Hengyang Xiang River Road-Railway Bridge (Guangdong Road, Daqing Road and Hunan–Guangxi railway)
  • Huainan Huaihe Bridge
  • Huanggang Yangtze River Bridge (S38 Xiaoying Expressway and Wuhan-Huanggang intercity railway)
  • Hutong Yangtze River Bridge (S19 Tongxi Expressway and Nantong–Shanghai railway)
  • Jingzhou Yangtze River Road-Railway Bridge (G351, S61 Shagong Expressway and Haoji Railway)
  • Jiujiang Yangtze River Bridge (G105 and Beijing–Kowloon railway)
  • Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge (G104, G205, G312 and Beijing–Shanghai railway)
  • Qiansimen Bridge (4 lanes highway and CRT line 6)
  • Qiantang River Bridge
  • Second Qiantang River Bridge (S2 Hangyong Expressway and Shanghai–Kunming railway)
  • Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge (G40 Shanghai–Xi'an Expressway, G228 and Shanghai Metro)
  • Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge
  • Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge (G316, Third Ring Road, Beijing–Guangzhou high-speed railway and Wuhan freight bypass)
  • Tongling Yangtze River Road-Railway Bridge (S32 Xuantong Expressway, Hefei–Fuzhou high-speed railway and Lutong railway)
  • Wanghe Bridge
  • Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge (G107, Inner Ring Road and Beijing–Guangzhou railway)
  • Wuhu Yangtze River Bridge (G5011 Wuhu–Hefei Expressway and Huainan railway)
  • Xinglin Bridge (6 lanes highway and Fuzhou–Xiamen railway)
  • Yudong Yangtze River Bridge (G210 and CRT line 2)
  • Zhaoqing Xi River Bridge (Daqiao Road and Guangzhou–Maoming railway)
  • Zhicheng Yangtze River Bridge (S225 and Jiaozuo–Liuzhou railway)
  • Zhengxin Yellow River Bridge (G107 and Beijing–Guangzhou high-speed railway)
  • Zhujiang Bridge (Zhongshan Road and Guangzhou–Maoming railway)

former

  • Binbei Bridge (was a part of G202, replaced by another bridge, this bridge is still used by Harbin–Bei'an railway)
  • Songpu Bridge (railway part abandoned, and replaced by Jinshan railway Huangpu River Bridge, still used by G320)

Czech Republic

  • Bechyně. In 1928 a bridge was constructed to carry the railway line and road from Tábor into Bechyně. Previously the line had stopped on the other side of a deep gorge from the town and access was by way of a steep road and narrow bridge. The rail line runs in the roadway for 100 m and traffic stopped by lights as for a grade crossing.[13]

Democratic Republic of the Congo

  • Kongolo Bridge
  • Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Brazzaville–Kinshasa Bridge – proposed [14]
  • Matadi Bridge – railway yet to be used. Built 1983.[15] Angola would like to use this bridge to reach their exclave of Cabinda.

Denmark

Egypt

  • Proposed road-rail tunnel under Suez Canal[16]
  • Suez Canal road rail bridge at El Hammad[17]

Estonia

Fiji

  • On Viti Levu the CSR Company was obliged to provide road-rail bridges when it built bridges for the Cane Trains to their sugar mills, e.g. the two largest bridges over the Ba and Sigatoka Rivers. Many are now rail-only as separate road bridges has been built.
  • The Ba Bridge (550 ft; 170 m) has 19 spans, 17 standard spans (30 ft; 9 m) and a short span at each end, and has been rail-only for many years. The Sigatoka Bridge (810 ft; 245 m) has 27 spans. Both bridges are prone to hurricane damage due to extra flow of water; the Ba Bridge often disappears under water but is not always damaged (see Cane Trains).
    • Sigatoka Bridge was washed away by storms, January 2009.[18]

Finland

France

  • Cize-Bolozon viaduct on the Ligne du Haut-Bugey built 1882, destroyed by the maquis in 1945, rebuilt 1950
  • Pont Morand, Lyon
  • Pont de Recouvrance, Brest – road & tramway – includes lifting span[19]

Germany

  • Fehmarn Sound bridge
  • Lindaunis Bridge
  • Kattwykbrücke[20] - Hamburg, new railroad bridge being built next to existing bridge, opening december 2020
  • Moselbrücke Bullay – double deck road and rail bridge[21]
  • Oberbaumbrücke
  • de:Peenebrücke Wolgast
  • Rügendamm
  • Elbbrücke Lauenburg

Wartime

Ghana

  • Unknown location with YouTube movie[22]

Guatemala

  • Puente Rodolfo Robles

Hong Kong

See also: List of railway bridges and viaducts in Hong Kong

Current

Former

Hungary

India

The Digha–Sonpur Bridge (JP Setu) over the Ganges connecting the cities of Patna and Sonpur

Indonesia

  • Cirahong Bridge – opened in 1893[27]

Iraq

Italy

Current

  • Mezzanacorti bridge over the Po on the Milan–Genoa railway
  • San Michele bridge over the Adda on the Seregno–Bergamo railway
  • Sesto Calende bridge over the Ticino on the Domodossola–Milan railway
  • Soleri viaduct in Cuneo
  • Turbigo bridge over the Ticino on the Saronno–Novara railway
  • Valenza bridge over the Po on the Pavia–Alessandria railway
  • Ponte della Libertà in Venice
  • Vigevano bridge over the Ticino on the Milan–Mortara railway

Former

  • Adenige bridge on temporary Mont Cenis Railway[29]
  • Magenta bridge over the Ticino on the Turin–Milan railway
  • Revere bridge over the Po on the Verona–Bologna railway
  • San Nicolò bridge over the Trebbia on the Alessandria–Piacenza railway

Japan

Current

Former

  • Inuyama Bridge – separated in 2000.

North Korea

  • Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge
  • Korea Russia Friendship Bridge

South Korea

Laos

  • First Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge

Macau

Mexico

  • Puente Rodolfo Robles

Mozambique

  • The Dona Ana Bridge has carried rail and road traffic, but not at the same time.

New Zealand

The Coastal Pacific using the upper level of the bridge in April 2007. Road transport used the lower level until a new bridge was opened in November 2007

A 1930 report listed 33 bridges and estimated that the cost of bridge-keepers, extra maintenance for the decks, etc amounted to £15,500 a year, as against £4,307 paid to NZR.[30]

Current

  • Alexandra – Manuherikia River, Central Otago Line – single level, shared deck (rail closed)
  • Okahukura – Stratford–Okahukura Line between Taumarunui and Ohura – two level, road under rail 1933-2009 (rail disused)
  • Pekatahi – between Edgecumbe and Taneatua – single level, shared deck (rail disused)
  • Taramakau River – Ross Branch – single level, shared deck
  • Hindon, New Zealand – Taieri Gorge Railway – single level – converted from rail only
  • Sutton, near Middlemarch, New Zealand – Taieri Gorge Railway – single level
  • Napier – Palmerston North – Gisborne Line – single level, separate decks (road closed)
  • Inangahua – Stillwater–Ngawakau Line – single level, separate decks
Section of Arahura Bridge – standing beside the new bridge as an example of this rare type of construction
  • Arahura, near Hokitika – Ross Branch – single level, separate decks (replaced single level, shared deck bridge)
  • Seddon – Main North Line over Awatere River – two level, single lane road under rail (road closed in November 2007); see picture above of Coastal Pacific crossing the bridge in April 2007

Former

Whanganui River near Taumarunui. Replaced by new road bridge up-stream from combined rail road bridge in 1960s.

Temporary

  • Wairoa River – due to road bridge washaway 2008[34]

Nigeria

Norway

  • Rødberg Bridge carried the now closed Numedal Line to its terminus in Rødberg and the highway continuing to Geilo over Upsetelva in the center of Rødberg. The rails are still in place, covered by tarmac. There has been no rail traffic on Numedalsbanen since 1988. The railway is in the road, so car traffic had to stop when trains were passing.
  • Bruhaug Bridge, also on Numedal Line carried both the railway and local car traffic over the river Numedalslågen. The road surface is wood.
  • Hølendalen Bridge, near Moss. Motorway and railway, parallel separate bridges.
  • Nygård Bridge in Bergen carries both the Bergen Light Rail and a street. A parallel bridge carries European Route E39.

Pakistan

Railway Track under Metro Bus Track on Gate of Rawalpindi City near Marirh Chowk Muree Road Rawalpindi

Paraguay

  • See above for the cross-border bridge to Argentina

Philippines

Guadalupe Bridge
  • Guadalupe Bridge in the Makati-Mandaluyong border over the Pasig River. The rail bridge of Line 3 is above the road bridge carrying EDSA.

Portugal

  • 25 de Abril Bridge
  • Pocinho Bridge in Vila Nova de Foz Côa (closed)
  • Ponte Eiffel
  • Ponte de Jafafe in Sernada do Vouga single level bridge over Vouga River used by Linha do Vouga
  • Ponte Luís I
  • Ponte de Valença in Valença, Portugal over Minho (river) used by Ramal Internacional de Valença

Romania

  • Vidin, Bulgaria – Calafat, Romania – 2013 single track[9]
  • Danube bridge to Bulgaria[10]
  • Bridge over the Siret river

Russia

Serbia

  • Ada Bridge (rail track under construction)
  • Pančevo Bridge
  • Road–Railway Bridge (temporary, demolished 2018/19)
  • Žeželj Bridge

Slovakia

South Africa

  • Buffalo River at East London harbour (double-deck bridge)
  • Umkomaas, KZN south coast
  • Port Shepstone, KZN south coast
  • Caledon River at Maseru
  • Fairy Knowe (Wilderness)
  • Qamata
  • Tugela (at one time, many years ago)[37]

Sri Lanka

  • Manampitiya Bridge over the Mahaweli River – This narrow bridge is used only for rail since 2006.[38][39]
  • Oddamavadi Bridge (Valaichchenai Bridge) across Valaichchenai lagoon in Eastern Province – Railway-only since April 2010[38][40]

Sweden

  • Øresund Bridge – 8 km long two-level bridge. Road (four lane) on top, rail (two tracks) below.
  • A few narrow same-track combined road-rail bridges:
    • in Oxberg (Oxbergsbron 02.jpg)
    • in Sveg (Mankellbron.JPG)
    • north of Moskosel (Inlandsbanan railwayandroadbridge.jpg).
    • in Kristianstad (industry railway, road in the same track)
    • in Norrköping (industry railway, road next to the rail)
  • Traneberg Bridge – in Stockholm, combined road and subway/metro rail bridge.
  • Skanstull Bridge – in Stockholm, combined road and subway/metro rail bridge.
  • Lidingöbron – 1 km long parallel road and rail (two separate bridges). The road bridge was built 1971; before that the old bridge had road and double track railway in the same carriageway.

Switzerland

Road traffic waits for a Bernina railway train to cross the road/rail river bridge over the river Poschiavino at Campocologno just North of Swiss-Italian border

The Bernina railway shares a bridge over the River Poschiavino at Campocologno just north of the Swiss-Italian border.

Both railways operated by Aare Seeland Mobil go over three combined bridges each. Four of these bridges cross the Aare river, one crosses a highway.

Thailand

  • Rama VI Bridge (separated in 2003)
  • First Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge
  • Chulachomklao Bridge

Turkey

The Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge with the Black Sea beyond it.
  • Gülüşkür Bridge - Crosses the Keban Dam in eastern Turkey.
  • Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge - Crosses the Bosphorus Straight, north of Istanbul. The bridge opened in 2016 with space allocated for a double-track railway which is still under construction.

Uganda

United Kingdom

Current

King George V Bridge
King George V Bridge showing the road and railway
  • Ashton Swing Bridge Preston. Crosses Preston Dock lock. Road traffic and pedestrians controlled by barriers from the lock control room. Still used by The Ribble Steam Railway and tour trains visiting from the main line, still running in 2012 the bridge is used for delivery of bitumen by railway to the Preston Total Bitumen plant. On arrival from Total's oil refinery in Immingham, North Lincolnshire, the tankers are parked at the exchange sidings. The steam railway staff divide the trains and shunt the tankers into Total Bitumen's siding for the bitumen processing and distribution plant, later reforming the trains for their return journey to Immingham.
  • Britannia Bridge Robert Stephenson's famous, formerly 'tubular' railway bridge across the Menai Strait in Wales. Rebuilt as a road and rail bridge after a major fire in 1970.
  • High Level Bridge Newcastle upon Tyne.
  • King George V Bridge, Keadby, North Lincolnshire. Carries the A18 and the Doncaster–Scunthorpe railway across the River Trent. Opened in 1916, Althorpe railway station is on the western bank of the Trent, very close to the bridge, which has not lifted for some years.
  • Belfast cross-harbour bridge, opened 1994–1995. See The Motorway Archive
  • Kingsferry road and rail bridge, Isle of Sheppey. Built in 1960, until 2006 this was the only road crossing to the island. The bridge opens 20 times each day.
  • Porthmadog, Wales, on the Welsh Highland Railway, Shared by this narrow gauge line and the main road through the town.
  • Pont Briwet, over River Dwyryd, near Penrhyndeudraeth, North Wales – single track rail of the Cambrian Coast Line, beside wide single-carriageway road; re-opened in summer 2015 after major repairs.

Former

  • Connel Bridge, near Oban, Scotland, was shared until the railway closed in the 1960s. A cantilever bridge.
  • Ashton Avenue Bridge, Bristol road rail swing bridge.
  • Queen Alexandra Bridge, still in road (A1231) use across the River Wear between Deptford and Southwick in Sunderland, mineral railway abandoned in 1921 after 12 years' use.
  • Newhaven Harbour, East Sussex, swing bridge standard gauge harbour branch shared with main coast road to Brighton, closed about 1962.
  • Runcorn Railway Bridge – rail; pedestrian bridge alongside was open until 1965.
  • Cross Keys Bridge, on the Norfolk /Lincolnshire border, both sides now in use for road traffic. Swing Bridge

United States

Alaska
California
Florida
  • Acosta Bridge – Carries two monorail tracks for the JTA Skyway and six lanes of State Road 13 in Jacksonville.
Illinois
  • Lake Street Bridge – rail on upper deck (CTA Green & Pink Line) road on lower deck, bascule bridge.
  • McKinley Bridge – rail removed in 1978.
  • Wells Street Bridge – rail on upper deck (CTA Brown & Purple Line Express), road on lower deck, bascule bridge.
Iowa – Illinois
Kentucky
Louisiana
Massachusetts
Michigan
  • Portage Lake Lift Bridge connecting Hancock and Houghton. The world's heaviest and largest double deck vertical lift bridge. 4-lane road on upper deck, rail on lower deck (converted to trail). The lower deck was also paved so the bridge could be placed in an intermediate position to allow road traffic only.
Minnesota
  • Camp Ripley Bridge
  • Oliver Bridge connecting Duluth, Minnesota and Oliver, Wisconsin. Rail on upper deck, road on lower deck.
  • Washington Avenue Bridge – in Minneapolis across the Mississippi River. Opened in 1965, rail (Green Line light rail) added in 2011.
Missouri
  • Second Hannibal Bridge in Kansas City, Missouri across the Missouri River. Opened in 1917, had a road deck until 1956, when another bridge was built, but the rail deck is presently in use. Evidence of the road deck is still plainly visible.
  • ASB Bridge in Kansas City, Missouri, across the Missouri River. Opened in 1911, it carried vehicular traffic until 1987, when new span was built. Bridge is unique that lower part is a vertical lift drawbridge, while without interrupting traffic on the upper deck.
  • Eads Bridge in St. Louis, Missouri across the Mississippi River. Opened in 1874. It carries the road traffic on the upper deck and the St. Louis MetroLink on the lower deck.
New York
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Tennessee-Arkansas
Virginia
  • High Bridge (Appomattox River)

Uzbekistan

  • Amu Darya Bridge is the first bridge between Khorezm and Karakalpakstan, opened March 2004. It only has one track with the rails embedded into tarmac, used for trains and cars, one direction at a time, and is 681 m long. It now doubles the pontoon bridge that was the only link between Khorezm and the rest of Uzbekistan.
  • See above for the cross-border bridge to Afghanistan

Venezuela

Vietnam

  • Long Biên Bridge

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Temporary

During wartime and other emergencies, rail tracks on bridges are sometimes paved to allow road traffic to proceed. Examples include the Ludendorff Bridge at Remagen bridge in Germany.

After a landslide on the Stromeferry road in Scotland in 2012, a 150m section of the parallel railway was paved with rubber tiles to allow road traffic to avoid a 250 km detour.[43]

Proposed

Under construction

  • Bangladesh – Padma bridge[47][48]
  • Botswana – Kazungula Bridge - to be completed in 2019
  • China – Baijusi Yangtze River Bridge (8 lanes highway and CRT line 5)
  • China – Humen Road-Railway Bridge (road and Shenzhen–Zhanjiang high-speed railway)
  • China – Hutong Yangtze River Bridge (S19 Tongxi Expressway, Shanghai–Nantong railway and Nantong-Ningbo railway)
  • China – Pingtan Road-Railway Bridge (G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway and Fuzhou-Pingtan Railway)
  • China – Third Wuhu Yangtze River Bridge (8 lanes highway, Shangqiu-Hangzhou High-Speed railway and Wuhu Metro line 1)
  • China – Wufengshan Yangtze River Bridge (S39 Jiangyi Expressway and Lianyungang-Zhenjiang Railway)

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "ROAD AND RAILWAY BRIDGE". The Mercury. Hobart, Tas.: National Library of Australia. 16 June 1937. p. 6. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
  2. ^ Motive Power April 2009, page 117
  3. ^ Light Railways – #199
  4. ^ "FREMANTLE BRIDGE". The Examiner. Launceston, Tas.: National Library of Australia. 9 September 1926. p. 4 Edition: DAILY. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
  5. ^ [Rail Graphics North Atlas p72]
  6. ^ http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5627866
  7. ^ "The Paringa Bridge". The Advertiser. Adelaide: National Library of Australia. 28 January 1927. p. 14. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  8. ^ Australian Railway History June 2013, page 10
  9. ^ a b Railway Gazette International July 2013, pg 10
  10. ^ a b http://www.railpage.com.au/f-t11335707.htm
  11. ^ "Freight Rail Carriers, Rail Freight Transport & Freight Railways". www.railserve.com. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  12. ^ Rietsch, Pierre-Noël. "Camrail - The Cameroon railways". www.railserve.com. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  13. ^ s.r.o., as4u.cz. "Electric railway - The town of Bechyně". www.mestobechyne.cz. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  14. ^ DR Congo-RoCongo
  15. ^ Railway Gazette International September 2012, p42
  16. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2010-07-29. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
  17. ^ "TROOP MOVES IN SUEZ". The Sun-Herald. Sydney: National Library of Australia. 24 January 1954. p. 80. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  18. ^ The Weekend Australian January 17–18, 2009 p16
  19. ^ Today's Railways Europe #214, p15
  20. ^ (de.wikipedia.org)|url=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kattwykbr%C3%BCcke Kattwykbrücke
  21. ^ "MOSELLE BRIDGE". The West Australian. Perth: National Library of Australia. 17 February 1945. p. 6. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  22. ^ nomadadventures (19 April 2008). "Ghana Bridge Crossing". Retrieved 3 January 2018 – via YouTube.
  23. ^ "Google Maps". Google Maps. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  24. ^ "Google Maps". Google Maps. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  25. ^ hu:Kiskörei Tisza-híd
  26. ^ hu:Türr István híd
  27. ^ Kautsar, Nurul Diva (7 May 2020). "Satu-satunya di Indonesia, Ini 6 Fakta Jembatan Cirahong yang Jadi Jalur Multifungsi". merdeka.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  28. ^ "No title". The Advocate. Burnie, Tas.: National Library of Australia. 4 October 1950. p. 6. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  29. ^ "THE MONT CENIS RAILWAY". The Sydney Morning Herald. National Library of Australia. 29 October 1868. p. 3. Retrieved 1 January 2013.
  30. ^ "RAILWAYS COMMISSION (REPORT OF THE). APPENDIX TO THE JOURNALS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, 1930 SESSION I, D-04". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. Retrieved 2020-07-20.
  31. ^ "Historic West Coast bridge replaced". stuff.co.nz. 11 December 2009. Retrieved 21 December 2009.
  32. ^ "N. Zealand Rivers Burst Into Flood Overnight". The Sunday Times. Perth: National Library of Australia. 28 May 1950. p. 2. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
  33. ^ "History of Huntly". www.huntly.net.nz. Archived from the original on 2017-04-06. Retrieved 2017-05-14.
  34. ^ NZ Railway Observer March 2009, pg 239
  35. ^ "No title". The Cairns Post. Qld.: National Library of Australia. 25 July 1932. p. 10. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  36. ^ Railway Gazette International Dec 2012, p16
  37. ^ RailwaysAfrica
  38. ^ a b LTD, Lankacom PVT. "The Island". www.island.lk. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  39. ^ "The First Road-Rail Bridge of Sri Lanka at Manampitiya - AmazingLanka.com". Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  40. ^ "Valaichena (Oddamavadi) Road-Rail Bridge - AmazingLanka.com". Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  41. ^ "CROCODILE ON BRIDGE". Western Argus (Kalgoorlie, WA : 1916–1938). Kalgoorlie, WA: National Library of Australia. 2 January 1934. p. 12. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
  42. ^ https://maps.google.com/maps?q=Mare+Island+Causeway&sourceid=Mozilla-search Google Maps
  43. ^ UK, DVV Media. "Rail road solution bypasses Stromeferry rock fall". Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  44. ^ "The Bank is Driving the African Continent Forward Through Financing of Regional Transport and Energy Infrastructure Programs". 19 December 2008. Retrieved 3 January 2018 – via AllAfrica.
  45. ^ Congo River
  46. ^ Railway Gazette International June 2012 p25
  47. ^ "Plan to lay 80km rail line on both sides of Padma Bridge". 14 August 2009. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
  48. ^ http://www.railpage.com.au/f-t11345902-s30.htm Dhaka – Khulna
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