Wikipedia

List of official languages

See also: List of languages by the number of countries in which they are recognized as an official language

This is a list of official, or otherwise administratively-recognized, languages of sovereign countries, regions, and supra-national institutions.

Official languages of sovereign countries, wholly or partly

A

Afar:

Afrikaans:

Aja-Gbe:

  • Benin (a national language along with Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official language is French)

Akan (Akuapem Twi, Asante Twi, Fante):

Albanian:

Amharic:

Anii:

  • Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)

Arabic (see also List of countries where Arabic is an official language):

Armenian:

Assamese:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages, and with English as a link language)

Aymara:

Azerbaijani:

B

Balanta:

Bambara:

  • see Manding
  • Mali (a national language along with Bomu, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)

Bariba:

  • Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)

Basque:

Bassari:

Bedik:

Belarusian:

Bengali:

Berber:

Biali:

  • Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)

Bislama:

Boko:

  • Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)

Bomu:

  • Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)

Bosnian:

Bozo:

  • Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Dogon, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)

Buduma:

Bulgarian:

Burmese:

C

Cantonese:

Catalan:

Chinese, Mandarin:

Chichewa:

Chirbawe (Sena):

Comorian

Croatian:

Czech:

  • Czech Republic
  • Slovakia (legislation states that a person using Czech language at a Slovak institution must be treated as if using Slovak language)

D

Dagaare:

Dagbani:

Dangme

Danish:

Dari:

  • Afghanistan (a local variant of Persian, but defined as "Dari" in the Afghan constitution; together with Pashto)[30]

Dendi:

  • Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)

Dhivehi:

Dioula:

  • see Manding
  • Burkina Faso (a national language along with Fula, Mossi and other languages, the official language is French)

Dogon:

  • Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Bozo, Fula, Mamara, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)

Dutch:

sole official language in:
co-official language in:

Dzongkha:

E

English (see also List of countries where English is an official language):

Estonian:

Ewe-Gbe:

F

Fijian:

Filipino:

Finnish:

Fon-Gbe:

  • Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)

Foodo:

  • Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)

Formosan:

French (see also List of countries where French is an official language):

sole official language in:
  • Wallonia (except for the Canton of Eupen and the Canton of Sankt Vith, where German is the official language)
co-official language in:
Official language in:

Fula:

G

Ga:

Gàidhlig:

Gbe:

Gen-Gbe:

  • Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)

Georgian:

German:

sole official language in:
  • Canton of Eupen
  • Canton of Sankt Vith
Official language in 21 cantons:

Gonja:

Gourmanché

Greek:

Guaraní:

Gujarati:

  • India

H

Haitian Creole:

Hakka:

Hassaniya:

Hausa:

Hebrew:

Hindi:

Hiri Motu:

Hungarian:

I

Igbo:

Icelandic:

Indonesian:

Irish:

Italian:

Official language in:
  • Canton of Ticino
  • Canton of Grisons (with German and Romansh)

J

Japanese:

  • Japan (de facto)

Javanese:

  • native to Java; Indonesia

Jola:

K

Kabye:

Kalanga:

Kannada:

  • India (with 21 other regional Languages, and with English as a link language)

Kanuri:

Kasem:

Kazakh:

Khmer:

Kinyarwanda:

Kirundi:

Kissi

Khoisan:

Korean:

Korean Sign Language:

Kpelle:

Kurdish:

Kyrgyz:

L

Lao:

Latvian:

Lithuanian:

Lukpa:

  • Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)

Luxembourgish:

M

Macedonian:

Malagasy:

Malay:

Malinke:

Maltese:

Mamara:

  • Mali (a national language along with Bambara, Bomu, Bozo, Dogon, Fula, Songhay, Soninke, Syenara, Tamasheq, the official language is French)

Manding (Mandinka, Malinke):

Mandinka:

Mandjak:

Mankanya:

  • Senegal (a national language along with Balanta, Bassari, Bedik, Fula, Hassaniya, Jola, Mandinka, Mandjak, Noon, Safen, Serer, Soninke, Wolof, the official language is French)

Manx Gaelic:

Māori:

  • New Zealand (with English and New Zealand Sign Language)

Marshallese:

Mauritian Creole

Mbelime:

  • Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)

Moldovan

Mongolian:

Montenegrin:

Mossi:

  • Burkina Faso (a national language along with Dioula, Fula and other languages, the official language is French)

N

Nambya:

Nateni:

  • Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)

Nauruan

Ndau:

Ndebele (Northern):

Ndebele (Southern):

Nepali:

New Zealand Sign Language:

  • New Zealand (with English and Māori)

Noon:

Northern Sotho:

Norwegian:

  • Norway (two official written forms - Bokmål and Nynorsk)

Nzema:

O

Oniyan:

Oromo:

Ossetian:

P

Palauan:

Papiamento:

Pashto:

  • Afghanistan (with Dari in Afghanistan)[30]

Persian:

Polish:

Portuguese:

Punjabi:

Q

Quechua:

R

Romanian:

Romansh:

Russian:

S

Safen:

Samoa

Sango

Sena:

Scots

Serbian:

Serer:

Seychellois Creole

Shona:

Sinhala:

Slovak:

Slovene:

  • Slovenia

Somali:

Songhay-Zarma:

Soninke:

Sotho:

Spanish:

Susu:

Swahili:

  • Kenya (with English)[65]
  • Rwanda (with English, French and Kinyarwanda)
  • Tanzania (de facto; with English)
  • Uganda (since 2005; with English)

Swati:

Swedish:

Syenara:

T

Taiwan Sign Language:

Taiwanese Hokkien:

Tajik:

  • Tajikistan (a variant of Persian written in Cyrillic)[58]

Tagalog:

Tamasheq:

Tamil:

Tammari:

  • Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)

Tasawaq:

Tebu:

Telugu:

  • India (with 21 other regional Languages, and with English as a link language)

Tetum:

Thai:

  • Thailand

Tigrinya:

Tok Pisin:

Toma:

Tonga:

Tongan

Tsonga:

Tswana:

Turkish:

Turkmen:

Tuvaluan

U

Ukrainian:

Urdu:

  • Pakistan (with English)
  • India (Urdu dialect and in script it is Sanscrit with 21 other regional languages, and with English as a link language)
  • Fiji (with English and Bau Fijian; known constitutionally as Hindustani as an umbrella term to cover Urdu, as well as Hindi.)

Uzbek:

V

Venda:

Vietnamese:

W

Waama:

  • Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)

Waci-Gbe:

  • Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Yobe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)

Wamey:

Welsh:

Wolof:

X

Xhosa:

Xwela-Gbe:

  • Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Yom, Yoruba, the official languages is French)

Y

Yobe:

  • Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yom, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)

Yom:

  • Benin (a national language along with Aja-Gbe, Anii, Bariba, Biali, Boko, Dendi, Fon-Gbe, Foodo, Fula, Gen-Gbe, Lukpa, Mbelime, Nateni, Tammari, Waama, Waci-Gbe, Yobe, Xwela-Gbe, Yoruba, the official languages is French)

Yoruba:

Z

Zimbabwean sign language:

Zulu:

Number of countries with the same official language

See also: List of languages by the number of countries in which they are recognized as an official language

This is a ranking of languages by number of sovereign countries in which they are de jure or de facto official (or with a national language status). An '*' (asterisk) indicates a country whose independence is disputed.

Language World Africa Americas Asia Europe Oceania Countries
English 59 24 16 4 3 12 United Kingdom, United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, India, Singapore, South Africa, Nigeria. See the full list
French 29 21 2 - 5 1 France, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Canada, Madagascar. See the full list
Arabic 27 14 - 13 - - Egypt, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Morocco. See the full list
Spanish 20 1 18 - 1 - Spain, Mexico, Equatorial Guinea, Easter Island in (Oceania). See the full list
Portuguese 10 6 1 2 1 1 Brazil, Portugal, Mozambique, Angola. See full list
Russian 8 - - 3 5 - Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Abkhazia*, South Ossetia*, Transnistria*. See also the full list
German 7 1 - - 6 - Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Namibia
Fula 7 7 - - - - Benin, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Senegal
Italian 4 - - - 4 - Italy, San Marino, Switzerland, Vatican City
Malay 4 - - 4 - - Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei
Manding 4 4 - - - - Burkina Faso (Dioula), Guinea (Malinke), Mali (Bambara), Senegal (Maninka)
Northern Sami 4 - - - 4 - Norway, Sweden, Finland, Russia
Swahili 4 4 - - - - Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda
Danish 3 - 1 - 2 - Denmark, Faroe Island*, Greenland*
Dutch 3 - 1 - 2 - Netherlands, Belgium, Suriname
Gbe 3 3 - - - - Benin, Ghana, Togo
Mandarin Chinese 3 - - 3 - - China, Singapore, Taiwan*
Tamil 3 - - 3 - - India, Singapore, Sri Lanka
Persian 3 - - 3 - - Iran, Afghanistan (known as Dari), Tajikistan (known as Tajik)
Romanian 3 - - - 3 - Romania, Moldova, Transnistria*
Serbian 3 - - - 3 - Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo*
Somali 3 3 - - - - Djibouti, Somalia, Somaliland*
Soninke 3 3 - - - - Mali, Mauritania, Senegal
Tswana 3 3 - - - - Botswana, South Africa, Zimbabwe
Turkish 3 - - - 3 - Turkey, Northern Cyprus* and Cyprus
Bengali 2 - 2 - - Bangladesh and India
Armenian 2 - - - 2 - Armenia and Nagorno Karabakh*
Aymara & Quechua 2 - 2 - - - Bolivia and Peru
Berber 2 2 - - - - Algeria and Morocco
Catalan 2 - - - 2 - Andorra and Spain
Chichewa 2 2 - - - - Malawi and Zimbabwe
Croatian 2 - - - 2 - Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Greek 2 - - - 2 - Greece and Cyprus
Hausa 2 2 - - - - Niger and Nigeria
Hindi 2 - - 1 - 1 India and Fiji
Korean 2 - - 2 - - North Korea and South Korea
Lingala 2 2 - - - - Democratic Republic of the Congo and Republic of the Congo
Nepali 2 - - 2 - - India and Nepal
Samoan 2 - - - - 2 American Samoa and Samoa
Slovak 2 - - - 2 - Slovakia and Czech Republic
Songhay-Zarma 2 2 - - - - Mali, Niger
Sotho 2 2 - - - - Lesotho and South Africa
Swati 2 2 - - - - Eswatini (Swaziland) and South Africa
Swedish 2 - - - 2 - Sweden and Finland
Tamasheq 2 2 - - - - Mali and Niger
Tigrinya 2 2 - - - - Eritrea and Ethiopia
Ukrainian 2 - - - 2 - Ukraine and Transnistria*
Venda 2 2 - - - - South Africa and Zimbabwe
Wolof 2 2 - - - - Mauritania and Senegal
Xhosa 2 2 - - - - South Africa and Zimbabwe
Guarani 2 - 2 - - - Paraguay and Bolivia
Bulgarian 1 - - - 1 - Bulgaria
Finnish 1 - - - 1 - Finland
Norwegian 1 - - - 1 - Norway
Icelandic 1 - - - 1 - Iceland

Official regional and minority languages

Abaza:

  • Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Cherkess, Karachay, Nogai and Russian)[67]

Adyghe:

Aghul:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Aklanon:

  • Visayas (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Waray)[70]

Albanian:

  • Kosovo
  • North Macedonia (in some municipalities)

Altay:

  • Altay, Republic of (state language; with Russian)[71]

Arabic:

Aranese see Occitan

Armenian:

  • Nagorno Karabagh

Assamese:

  • India (with Hindi, English {as a "subsidiary official language"} and 20 other official languages)

Avar:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Azeri:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Balkar:

Bashkir:

Basque:

  • Basque Autonomous Community (with Spanish)
  • Navarre (in some areas with Spanish)

Bengali:

Bikol:

  • Luzon and Visayas (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Kinaray-a, Pangasinan, Sambal, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Waray)[70]

Bosnian:

Buryat:

Cantonese Chinese:

  • China:


Catalan:

  • parts of Spain
  • parts of France
    • Pyrénées Orientales
  • parts of Italy
    • Alghero

Cebuano:

  • Luzon and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)[70]

Chavacano:

  • Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan)[70]

Chechen:

Cherkess:

  • Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Abaza, Karachay, Nogai and Russian)[67]

Cherokee:

  • Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area in Oklahoma, United States.[77]

Chipewyan:

  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))

Chukchi:

  • Sakha (local official language; in localities with Chukchi population)[78]

Chuvash:

Cree:

  • Northwest Territories (with Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))

Crimean Tatar

  • Crimea (with Russian and Ukrainian)

Croatian:

Dargwa:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Dolgan:

  • Sakha (local official language; in localities with Dolgan population)[78]

Dutch:

English:

  • parts of Canada:
See also: Official language by province and [[:l1=Official language by province]]
  • The United Kingdom:

Erzya:

Even:

  • Sakha (local official language; in localities with Even population)[78]

Evenki:

  • Sakha (local official language; in localities with Evenki population)[78]

Faroese:

Finnish:

  • Karelia (authorized language; with Karelian and Veps)[81]

French:

  • parts of Canada

Frisian (West):

Friulian:

  • The Friuli region of northeastern Italy

Gagauz:

Galician:

  • part of Spain

German:

Greek:

Guaraní:

Gujarati:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages)
    • Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu
    • Gujarat

Gwich'in:

  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))

Hawaiian:

Hiligaynon:

  • Visayas and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)[70]

Hindi:

Hungarian:

Ibanag:

  • Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Sambal, and Tagalog)[70]

Ilocano:

  • Luzon and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Maguindanao, Maranao, Pangasinan, Sambal, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan.)[70]

Ingush:

Inuinnaqtun:

  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))
  • Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuktitut)

Inuktitut:

  • Nunavut (with English, French, and Inuinnaqtun)
  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Inuinnaqtun, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))

Inuvialuktun:

  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, North Slavey, South Slavey and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))

Irish:

Italian:

Ivatan:

  • Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ibanag, Ilocano, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, Sambal, and Tagalog)[70]

Japanese:

Kabardian:

Kalaallisut:

Kalmyk:

Kannada:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages)

Kapampangan:

  • Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ilocano, Ibanag, Ivatan, Pangasinan, Sambal, and Tagalog)[70]

Karachay:

  • Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Abaza, Cherkess, Nogai and Russian)[67]

Karelian:

  • Karelia (authorized language; with Finnish and Veps)[81]

Kashmiri:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages)
    • Jammu and Kashmir

Kazakh:

  • Republic of Altay (official language; in localities with Kazakh population)[84]
  • part of the People's Republic of China
    • Ili, with Chinese (Mandarin)
    • Barkol, with Chinese (Mandarin)
    • Mori, with Chinese (Mandarin)
  • part of Mongolia
    • Mori, with Mongolian

Khakas:

Khanty:

Kinaray-a:

  • Visayas (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Hiligaynon, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Waray)[70]

Komi:

Komi-Permyak:

Korean:

Kumyk:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Kyrgyz:

Lak:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Lezgian:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Macedonian

  • part of Albania
  • part of Serbia

Maguindanao:

  • Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan)[70]

Malayalam:

Mansi:

  • Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug (aboriginal language; with Khanty and Nenets)[86]

Maranao:

  • Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Tausug, and Yakan)[70]

Marathi:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages)

Mari (Hill and Meadow):

Mayan:

Moksha:

Mongolian:

  • part of the People's Republic of China
    • Inner Mongolia, with Chinese (Mandarin)
    • Haixi, with Tibetan and Chinese (Mandarin)
    • Bortala, with Chinese (Mandarin)
    • Bayin'gholin, with Chinese (Mandarin)
    • Dorbod, with Chinese (Mandarin)
    • Qian Gorlos, with Chinese (Mandarin)
    • Harqin Left, with Chinese (Mandarin)
    • Fuxin, with Chinese (Mandarin)
    • Weichang, with Chinese (Mandarin)
    • Subei, with Chinese (Mandarin)
    • Henan, with Chinese (Mandarin)

Náhuatl:

  • Mexico (*only recognized)
  • El Salvador (*only recognized)

Nenets:

Nepali:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages)

Nogai:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]
  • Karachay–Cherkessia (state language; with Abaza, Cherkess, Karachay and Russian)[67]

Occitan:

Odia:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages)

Ossetic (Digor and Iron dialects):

Pangasinan:

  • Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Sambal, and Tagalog)[70]

Portuguese:*part of the People's Republic of China

Punjabi:

  • Pakistan- Punjab region
  • India (with 21 other regional languages)

Romanian:

  • Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak and Ruthenian)

Russian. Russian is fixed as a state language in the Constitutions of the republics of the Russian Federation:

Rusyn:

  • Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Romanian, Hungarian, Slovak)
  • Ukraine
    • Zakarapts'ka region (with Ukrainian, Hungarian)

Rutul:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Sakha:

Sambal:

  • Luzon (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Bikol, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Pangasinan, and Tagalog)[70]

Sami:

  • Finland (in four municipalities)
  • Norway (in six municipalities in two provinces)
  • Sweden (in four municipalities and surrounding municipalities)

Sanskrit:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages)

Saraiki

Sarikoli:

Selkup:

Serbian:

Sindhi:

  • India (with 21 other regional languages)
  • Pakistan (Official language in the Province of Sindh along with Urdu and English)

North and South Slavey:

  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, and Tłįchǫ (Dogrib))

Slovak:

  • part of Serbia
  • Vojvodina (with Croatian, Serbian, Hungarian, Romanian and Ruthenian)

Slovene:

Spanish:

Surigaonon:

  • Visayas and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Tagalog, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)[70]

Tabasaran:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Tagalog:

  • Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Aklanon, Bikol, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ibanag, Ilocano, Ivatan, Kapampangan, Kinaray-a, Maguindanao, Maranao, Pangasinan, Sambal, Surigaonon, Tausug, Waray, and Yakan)[70]

Tahitian:

Tamil:

Tat:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Tatar:

Tausug:

  • Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, Maranao, and Yakan)[70]

Telugu:

Tibetan:

  • Tibet Autonomous Region (with Chinese (Mandarin))
  • Aba (with Chinese (Mandarin))
  • Garzê (with Chinese (Mandarin))
  • Diqing (with Chinese (Mandarin))
  • Wenshan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
  • Gannan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
  • Haibai (with Chinese (Mandarin))
  • Hainan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
  • Huangnan (with Chinese (Mandarin))
  • Golog (with Chinese (Mandarin))
  • Gyêgu (with Chinese (Mandarin))
  • Haixi (with Mongolian and Chinese (Mandarin))
  • Muli (with Chinese (Mandarin))
  • Tianzhu (with Chinese (Mandarin))

Tłįchǫ:

  • Northwest Territories (with Cree, Chipewyan, English, French, Gwich'in, Innuinaqtun, Inuktitut, Inuvialuktun, North Slavey, and South Slavey)

Tsakhur:

  • Dagestan (as one of the Dagestan peoples languages; with Russian)[69]

Tswana:

Turkish:

Tuvan:

Udmurt:

Urdu:

  • Pakistan (with English as co-official language)
  • India (with 21 other regional languages)

Uyghur:

Veps:

  • Karelia (authorized language; with Finnish and Karelian)[81]

Vietnamese:

  • Guangxi Province, China (some regional status)
  • Part of Cambodia
  • Part of Laos

Waray:

Welsh:

  • Wales (United Kingdom) (with English)

Yakan:

  • Mindanao (Philippines) (with Filipino, English, Cebuano, Chavacano, Hiligaynon, Ilocano, Maguindanao, Maranao, Surigaonon, Tagalog, and Tausug)[70]

Yiddish:

Yukaghir:

  • Sakha (local official language; in localities with Yukaghir population)[78]

Zhuang:

Official languages of supra-national institutions

Different organisations sometimes refer to their principal languages of administration and communication as "working languages", whilst others refer to these as being "official".

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The sovereignty of Kosovo is disputed. See International recognition of Kosovo.

References

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