This is a list of languages used in Russia. Some of the languages have more speakers, and even official status, in other countries.
Official language
- Russian (138,312,000 speakers)
Languages with 1,000,000 or more speakers
- English (7,574,302)
- Tatar (5,200,000)
- German (2,069,949)
- Chuvash (1,640,000)
- Bashkir (1,450,000)
- Chechen (1,340,000)
- Ukrainian (1,300,000)[1]
Languages with 100,000 or more speakers
- Armenian
- Avar (784,000)
- Azerbaijani (669,000)
- Mordovian languages (614,000)
- Kabardian (587,000)
- Dargwa (503,000)
- Ossetic (493,000)
- Udmurt (463,000)
- Yakut (450.000)
- Kumyk (458,000)
- Eastern Mari (451,000)
- Ingush (405,000)
- Lezgian (397,000)
- Belarusian (316,000)
- Karachay-Balkar (302,000)
- Georgian (286,000)
- Komi-Zyrian (217,000)
- Turkish (161,000)
- Kalmyk (153,000)
- Lak (153,000)
- Romanian (147,000)
- Adyghe (129,000)
- Tabassaran (128,000)
Languages with 10,000 or more speakers
- Komi-Permyak (94,000)
- Polish (94,000)
- Nogai (90,000)
- Karelian (52,000)
- Finnish (51,000)
- Lithuanian (49,000)
- Abaza (38,000)
- Western Mari (36,000)
- Latvian (34,000)
- Kurmanji (30,000)
- Yiddish (30,000)
- Rutul (29,000)
- Aghul (29,000)
- Estonian (26,000)
- Andi (23,000)
- Baltic Romany (20,000)
- Tsez (15,000)
- Bezhta (10,000)
- Vlax Romany (10,000)
- Livvi
Languages with 1,000 or more speakers
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (7,700)
- Khwarshi (3,000)
- Serbian
- Veps
- Tindi
- Karata
- Ludian
- Hunzib
- Bagvalal
- Botlikh
- Tsakhur
- Akhvakh
- Ghodoberi
- Archi
- Chamalal
- Judeo-Tat
Languages with fewer than 1,000 speakers
- Sami languages
- Akkala Sami
- Kildin Sami
- Skolt Sami
- Ter Sami
- Vod
- Ingrian
- Hinukh
- Kurdish
Languages with 100,000 or more speakers
Languages with 10,000 or more speakers
- Altay (65,000)
- Khakas (52,000)
- Kyrgyz (46,000)
- Nenets (31,000)
- Evenki (13,800)
- Khanty (13,000)
- Shor (around 10,000)
Languages with 1,000 or more speakers
Languages with fewer than 1,000 speakers
- Yupik languages
- Naukan (Naukanski)
- Sirenik
- Central Siberian Yupik (Yuit)
- Yukaghir languages
- Northern Yukaghir
- Southern Yukaghir
- Ket
- Ainu
- Orok
- Udege
- Kerek
- Aleut (including Mednyy)
- Enets
- Alutor
- Negidal
- Tofalar (Karagas)
- Itelmen
- Yugh
- Nganasan
- Oroch
- Chulym
- Ulch
- Nivkh
- Nanai
Other
- Korean (60,000)
- Mandarin Chinese (59,000)
- Turkmen (38,000)
- Czech
- Domari
- Lomavren
- Pontic Greek
- Bohtan Neo-Aramaic
- Tat language
- Russian sign language
Language families
A total of 14 language families are native to Russia:[2]
- Indo-European
- Caucasian (2 families)
- Uralic
- "Altaic" (3 families)
- "Paleosiberian" (6 families)
- Yeniseian
- Chukotko-Kamchatkan
- Yukaghir
- Nivkh
- Ainu
- Koreanic
- Eskimo–Aleut
References
- ^ Владение украинским языком в России в разрезе этнических групп / Завьялов А. В. Социальная адаптация украинских иммигрантов : монография / А. В. Завьялов. – Иркутск : Изд-во ИГУ, 2017. – 179 с.
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2019). "Glottolog". 4.1. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
External links
- Languages of European Russia (Ethnologue)
- Languages of Asian Russia (Ethnologue)
- Indigenous Minority Languages of Russia: Bibliographical guide