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| Names | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name Ethyl nitrite | |||
| Other names 1-Nitrosooxyethane Ethyl alcohol nitrite Nitrous acid Nitrous ether Ethyl ester Nitrethyl | |||
| Identifiers | |||
3D model (JSmol) | |||
| ChEMBL | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.385  | ||
PubChem CID | |||
| UNII | |||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |||
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SMILES
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| Properties | |||
Chemical formula | C2H5NO2 | ||
| Molar mass | 75.067 g·mol−1 | ||
| Boiling point | 62.6 °C (144.7 °F; 335.8 K) | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Main hazards | [1] | ||
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |||
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |||
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The chemical compound ethyl nitrite is an alkyl nitrite with a chemical formula C2H5NO2. It may be prepared from ethanol.[2]
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Uses
It is used as a reagent with butanone to yield the dimethylglyoxime end product.)
Ethyl nitrite is the main ingredient in a traditional ethanol-based South African remedy for colds and flu known as Witdulsies, which is sold in pharmacies. It is known as a traditional Afrikaans remedy and may have Dutch roots, as the same remedy is apparently made by the Germano-Dutch Amish people in the US. However, FDA has blocked over-the-counter sales of this same remedy, known in the US as sweet nitrite or sweet spirit of nitre, since 1980.[3] Its use has been associated with fatal methemoglobinemia.[4]
Methemoglobinemia is the primary toxic effect of ethyl nitrite.[5] Due to ethyl nitrite's high volatility and faint smell, in the presence of ethyl nitrite vapors, it is easy to breath a high dose of it without realizing, resulting in methemoglobinemia,[6] which may or may not be severe, or even fatal.
References
- ^ "NFPA 704 Ratings for Common Chemicals".
- ^ Semon, W. L.; Damerell, V. R. (1943). "Dimethylglyoxime". Organic Syntheses.; Collective Volume, 2, p. 204
- ^ "Rulemaking History for OTC Sweet Spirits of Nitre Drug Products". fda.gov. Retrieved 2016-12-26.
- ^ "ETHYL NITRITE - National Library of Medicine HSDB Database". toxnet.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2017-11-18.
- ^ "Ethyl nitrite". Haz-Map. Retrieved 2020-08-08.
- ^ Titov, V Yu; Petrenko, Yu M (2005). "Proposed mechanism of nitrite-induced methemoglobinemia". Biochemistry (Mosc). 70 (4): 473–83. doi:10.1007/s10541-005-0139-7. PMID 15892615.