Wikipedia

1280s

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
  • 1280
  • 1281
  • 1282
  • 1283
  • 1284
  • 1285
  • 1286
  • 1287
  • 1288
  • 1289
Categories:

The 1280s is the decade starting January 1, 1280 and ending December 31, 1289.

Events

1280

1281

By place

Asia
  • August 15 – Battle of Kōan (Hakata Bay): The second Mongol invasion of Japan is foiled, as a large typhoon – famously called a kamikaze, or divine wind – destroys much of the combined Chinese and Korean fleet and forces, numbering over 140,000 men and 4,000 ships.
  • Kublai Khan orders the burning of sacred Taoist texts, resulting in the reduction in number of volumes of the Daozang (Taoist Canon) from 4,565 to 1,120.
  • The Mon Kingdom of Hariphunchai falls, as its capital Lamphun (in present-day Thailand) is captured by King Mangrai's Lannathai Kingdom.
= Middle East =
Europe
  • Pope Martin IV authorizes a Crusade against the newly re-established Byzantine Empire in Constantinople; French and Venetian expeditions set out toward Constantinople, but are forced to turn back in the following year.
  • July – Niccolò Bonsignori heads a hundred of Ghibelline exiles, in a failed attempt to topple the Sienese government.

By topic

Markets
Religion

1282

By area

Europe

By topics

Education
Markets
  • The form for the Trial of the Pyx, during which it is confirmed that newly minted coins conform to required standards, is established.
  • The first evidence is discovered of the existence of consolidated public debt in Bruges, confirming the expansion of use of annuities, to fund government expenditure to the Low Countries.[13]
Nature
Technology
Religion

1283

By area

Africa
  • The Hafsid ruler, Ibrahim I, is toppled by a Bedouin rebellion, led by Abd al-Aziz I.[14]
Asia
Mesoamerica
Europe

By topic

Arts and culture
Markets
  • The Saxon city of Goslar starts making efforts to redeem its already issued annuities, a sure indication of financial difficulty, and maybe an early sign of the 13th century crisis.[17]
Religion

1284

By area

Africa
  • Putting an end to the Bedouin rebellion that had toppled his brother in 1283, Abu Hafs Umar I reconquers Tunis, and reinstalls the Hafsids as the dominating dynasty in Ifriqiya.[18]
  • Peter III of Aragon takes advantage of the weakness of the Hafsid Dynasty, and raids the island of Jerba. The Aragonese massacre the population, and occupy the island.[18]
Asia
  • Mamluk sultan of Egypt Al Mansur Qalawun signs a ten-year truce with the Crusader city of Acre; he will violate the truce on various pretexts in 1290.
  • The Byzantine city Tralles falls to the Turkish emirate of Menteşe; 20,000 people are led off as slaves.
Europe

By topic

Arts and culture
Education
Health
Markets
  • The Republic of Venice begins coining the ducat, a gold coin that is to become the standard of European coinage, for the following 600 years.

1285

By area

Africa
  • Mansa Sakura usurps the throne of the Mali Empire.
Asia
  • April 25 – Mamluk sultan Al Mansur Qalawun begins a siege of the Crusader fortress of Margat (in modern-day Syria), a major stronghold of the Knights Hospitaller thought to be impregnable; he captures the fortress a month later.
  • June 14 – Trần Hưng Đạo leads Vietnamese forces in victory over an invading Mongol fleet of the Yuan Dynasty, at Chuong Duong.
  • The Mongol Golden Horde, led by Nogai Khan and Talabuga, attacks Hungary a second time.
Europe
  • January 6 – Archbishop Jakub Świnka orders all priests subject to his bishopry in Poland to deliver sermons in Polish rather than German, thus further unifying the Catholic Church in Poland, and fostering a national identity.
  • April – Chios is captured by Venetian raiders from its Genoese lords; it is later retaken.
  • Easter – The Second Statute of Westminster is passed in England, reforming various laws; it includes the clause de donis conditionalibus, considered one of the fundamental institutes of medieval law in England.
  • September 4 – Roger of Lauria defeats King Philip III of France, in a naval battle off Barcelona.
  • The writ Circumspecte Agatis, issued by King Edward I of England, defines the jurisdictions of church and state in England, thereby limiting the church's judicial powers to ecclesiastical cases only.

By topic

Arts
Markets
  • The first record is made of an emission of life annuities, by the city of Lübeck. It is the first instance of issue of public debt in Germany, and it confirms a trend of consolidation of local public debt over north-western Europe (see 1228).[25]
  • The county of Champagne is integrated into the kingdom of France; the region loses its haven characteristics for foreign merchants, and the fairs of Troyes quickly dwindle into economic insignificance.[26]
Religion

1286

By area

Africa
Asia
  • In the Lao kingdom of Muang Sua, King Panya Leng is overthrown in a coup d'état led by his son Panya Khamphong, which is likely to have been supported by the regionally dominant Mongol Yuan Dynasty of China.
  • Kublai Khan plots a final Mongol invasion of Japan, but aborts the plan due to a lack of necessary resources.
Europe

By topic

Arts and culture
  • March 7 – The Catholicon, a religious Latin dictionary, is completed by John Balbi of Genoa.

1287

By place

Africa
Asia
Europe
  • January 17 – The Treaty of San Agayz is signed. King Alfonso III of Aragon conquers the island of Menorca from the Moors.
  • February – South England flood, affecting the Cinque Ports of England: A storm surge destroys the town of Old Winchelsea on Romney Marsh and nearby Broomhill. The course of the nearby River Rother is diverted away from New Romney, which is almost destroyed, ending its role as a port, with the Rother running instead to the sea at Rye, whose prospects as a port are enhanced. A cliff collapses at Hastings, ending its role as a trade harbour, and demolishing part of Hastings Castle. New Winchelsea is established on higher ground.[31]
  • June 8 – Rhys ap Maredudd revolts in Wales; the revolt will not be suppressed until 1288.
  • December 14 – A huge storm and associated storm tide in the North Sea and English Channel, known as St. Lucia's flood in the Netherlands, kills thousands and reshapes the coastline of the Netherlands and England.
    • In the Netherlands, a fringing barrier between the North Sea and a shallow lake collapses, causing the fifth largest flood in recorded history, which creates the Zuider Zee inlet and kills over 50,000 people; it also gives sea access to Amsterdam, allowing its development as an important port city.
    • In England, parts of Norfolk are flooded; the port of Dunwich in Suffolk is further devastated; and in The Fens through the vehemence of the wind and the violence of the sea, the monastery of Spalding and many churches are overthrown and destroyed: "All the whole country in the parts of Holland was for the most part turned into a standing pool so that an intolerable multitude of men, women and children were overwhelmed with the water, especially in the town of Boston, a great part thereof was destroyed."[32]
  • King Edward I of England orders the expulsion of Jews from the duchy of Gascony, and confiscates their property.
  • The Mongol Golden Horde, led by khan Talabuga and Nogai Khan, attacks Poland for the third time. Lublin, Mazovia, Sandomierz and Sieradz are ravaged by the invaders, who are defeated at Kraków.
  • In Aragon, the Uniones, an aristocratic uprising, forces Alfonso III to make concessions to the nobility.[33] In particular, the king grants his barons a bill of rights, known as the Privilegium Generale.[34]
  • The Bruntál coat of arms makes its first appearance.

By topic

Arts and culture
  • The Altar of St. James in Pistoia Cathedral, Italy – a masterwork of the silversmithing trade containing nearly a ton of silver – is begun; it will not be completed for nearly 200 years.
Economics
  • The Italian city of Siena exacts a forced loan on its taxpayers for the first time, a common feature of medieval public finance.[35]
Religion

1288

By area

Asia
  • April – Battle of Bạch Đằng: Đại Việt (Vietnamese) general Trần Hưng Đạo sinks the fleet of an invading Mongol army of the Yuan Dynasty, by placing steel-tipped bamboo stakes in the Bach Dang River near Ha Long Bay.
  • The Japanese era Koan ends, and the Shōō era begins.
  • Japan: Prince Subaru conquers the provinces of Gunma and Tochigi.
  • Li Ting leads troops and portable cannon of Kublai Khan against the rebel prince Nayan, at Banlachengzi in Manchuria.[36]
Europe

By topic

Arts and culture
Markets
  • June 16 – The bishop of Västerås buys 1/8 of the Stora Kopparberg copper mine in Falun, Sweden.
  • The Flemish city of Ghent seeks rights to start redeeming its already issued annuities. It is a clear indication of financial difficulty, and maybe an early sign of the crisis of the 13th Century.[37]
Religion
Technology
  • The oldest known bronze handgun in the world is dated to this year, a Chinese gun found in Acheng District, that was once used to suppress the rebellion of the Christian Mongol Prince Nayan in 1287–1288.

1289

By place

America
Africa
Asia
  • Prince Subaru of Japan conquers the province of Saitama.
Europe

By topic

Education
Markets
  • In Siena, twenty three partners, including five members of the Bonsignori family, re-create the Gran Tavola, formerly the most successful European bank, which had ceased its operations after the death of its creator and manager, Orlando Bonsignori, in 1273.[38]
=Religion=

Births

1280

1281

1282

1283

1284

1285

1286

1287

1288

Emperor Go-Fushimi
Emperor Go-Daigo

1289

Deaths

1280

1281

  • February 16 – Gertrude of Hohenberg, queen consort of Germany (b. c.1225)
  • September 10 – John II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal (b. 1237)
  • October 8 – Princess Constance of Greater Poland (b. c.1245)
  • December 24 – Henry V, Count of Luxembourg (b. 1216)
  • date unknown – Ertuğrul, Turkish father of Osman I (b. 1198)

1282

1283

1284

1285

1286

1287

1288

1289


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