| Natrix | |
|---|---|
) | |
| Natrix natrix | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Suborder: | Serpentes |
| Family: | Colubridae |
| Subfamily: | Natricinae |
| Genus: | Natrix Laurenti, 1768 |
| Type species | |
| Natrix natrix | |
Natrix is a genus of Old World snakes in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae.
Common names
Member species of the genus Natrix are collectively called grass snakes and water snakes, but some other snake species also known commonly as "grass snakes" and "water snakes" are not in the genus Natrix.
Species
The genus Natrix contains these species, five of which are recognized as being valid, and one of which is disputed:[1]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
) | Natrix astreptophora (Seoane, 1885) | Iberian grass snake[2] | Iberian peninsula |
) | Natrix helvetica (Lacépède, 1789) | barred grass snake[3] | Western Europe |
.jpg')) | Natrix maura (Linnaeus, 1758) | viperine water snake [4] | Portugal, Spain, France, northernwest Italy, and even into Switzerland. |
) | Natrix megalocephala Orlov & B. Tuniyev, 1987 | large-headed water snake (status controversial) | Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia, and Turkey. |
--Ringelnatter.jpg')) | Natrix natrix (Linnaeus, 1758) | grass snake [4] | mainland Europe, ranging from mid Scandinavia to southern Italy. It is also found in the Middle East and northwestern Africa. |
) | Natrix tessellata (Laurenti, 1768) | dice snake [4] | Eurasia: Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Pakistan, Poland,[6] Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, and Yemen. The species is also present in Egypt. |
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Natrix.
Etymology
Natrix is classical Latin for a water snake. The word comes from a Proto-Indo-European root meaning "snake", with cognates in the Celtic and Germanic languages, the latter including the English adder. It was probably influenced through folk etymology by the Latin nare and natare meaning "swim";[5][6] it appears to be a grammatically feminine word for "swimmer".
Geography
The refuge of a widely distributed Western European lineage regarding the barred grass snake commonly known as Natrix helvetica was most likely located in southern France and outside the classical refuges in the southern European peninsulas. One genetic lineage of the common grass snake (N. natrix) is also distributed in Scandinavia, Central Europe, and the Balkan Peninsula.[7]
References
- ^ Genus Natrix at The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
- ^ de Lazaro, Enrico (February 23, 2016). "Iberian Grass Snake: Cryptic New Species of Snake Identified". Sci-News.com.
- ^ "New snake species identified in the UK". BBC News. 7 August 2017.
- ^ a b c "Natrix Laurenti, 1768". Encyclopedia of Life. http://eol.org/pages/35261/overview
- ^ "adder, n.1". OED Online. Oxford University Press. March 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
- ^ "adder". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
- ^ Kindler, Carolin; Graciá, Eva; Fritz, Uwe (29 January 2018). "Extra-Mediterranean glacial refuges in barred and common grass snakes (Natrix helvetica , N. natrix)". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 1821. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.1821K. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-20218-2. PMC 5788984. PMID 29379101.
Further reading
- Laurenti JN (1768). Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austriacorum. Vienna: "Joan. Thom. Nob. de Trattnern". 214 pp. + Plates I-V. (Natrix, new genus, p. 73). (in Latin).