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Aestivation or estivation is the positional arrangement of the parts of a flower within a flower bud before it has opened. Aestivation is also sometimes referred to as praefoliation or prefoliation, but these terms may also mean vernation: the arrangement of leaves within a vegetative bud.
Aestivation can be an important taxonomic diagnostic; for example Malvaceae flower buds have valvate sepals, with the exception of the genera Fremontodendron and Chiranthodendron, which have sometimes been misplaced as a result.
The terms used to describe aestivation are the same as those used to describe leaf vernation.[1] Classes of aestivation include:
- imbricate – overlapping
- contorted or twisted – every petal or sepal is outside its neighbour on one margin, and inside its neighbour on the other margin
- cochleate – spirally twisted
- contortiplicate – contorted and also plicate
- quincuncial – with five parts, where two petals or sepals are outside all others, two are inside all others, and the fifth is outside on one margin and inside on the other
- contorted or twisted – every petal or sepal is outside its neighbour on one margin, and inside its neighbour on the other margin
- crumpled
- decussate
- induplicate – folded inwards
- open – petals or sepals do not overlap or even touch each other
- reduplicate – folded outwards
- valvate – margins of adjacent petals or sepals touch each other without overlapping.
Vexillary aestivation is a special type of aestivation occurring in plants like pea. In this type of aestivation a large petal called standard encloses two smaller petals called
Lilac (Syringa vulgaris), valvate aestivation
Phlox (Phlox paniculata), contorted aestivation
Vinca minor, contorted aestivation
Ipomoea, contortiplicate aestivation
The corolla of Merremia tuberosa was contortiplicate in the bud.
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References
- ^ Hickey, M.; King, C. (2001). The Cambridge Illustrated Glossary of Botanical Terms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.