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Yadu

This article is about Yadu tribe. For the legendary king in later literature, see Yadu (legendary king). For the Burmese form of poetry, see Yadu (poetry).
Early Vedic Culture (1700-1100 BCE).png

Yadu is one of the five early Indo-Aryan tribes (panchajana, panchakrishtya or panchamanusha) mentioned in the Rigveda.[1][2][3] The Yadus had a tribal union with the Turvasha tribe, and were frequently described together.[4][5] The Yadus were a partly Indo-Aryan-acculturated Indus tribe.[3] By the time of the arrival of the Puru and Bharata tribes, the Yadu-Turvashas were settled in Punjab, with the Yadus possibly residing along the Yamuna River.[6]

Etymology

The name Yadu is of non-Indo-Aryan origin.[7]

Rigveda

In Mandalas 4 and 5 of the Rigveda, the god Indra is stated to have saved the Yadu-Turvashas from drowning when they crossed rivers.[8][9] In Mandala 6, the Yadu-Turvashas are stated to have been "brought from far away" by Indra.[10][11]

The Yadu-Turvashas are treated relatively positively in Mandalas 5, 6, and 8,[12] and are stated to be the occasional allies and enemies of the Puru-Bharatas.[8] In the Battle of the Ten Kings, the Yadus were defeated by Bharata chieftain Sudas.[13]

References

  1. ^ Singh, Upinder (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Delhi: Pearson Education. p. 187. ISBN 978-81-317-1120-0.
  2. ^ Jamison, Stephanie; Brereton, Joel (2014). The Rigveda: The Earliest Religious Poetry of India. Oxford University Press. p. 54. ISBN 9780199370184.
  3. ^ a b Witzel, Michael (1999). "Substrate Languages in Old Indo-Aryan: (Ṛgvedic, Middle and Late Vedic)". Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies. 5: 3, 33.
  4. ^ Witzel, Michael (2001). "Autochthonous Aryans?: The Evidence from Old Indian and Iranian Texts" (PDF). Electronic Journal of Vedic Studies. 7: 7.
  5. ^ Erdosy, George; Witzel, Michael (1995). Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity. The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Rgvedic history: poets, chieftains and politics. De Gruyter. p. 204.
  6. ^ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 262.
  7. ^ Witzel, Michael (1999). "Aryan and non-Aryan Names in Vedic India. Data for the linguistic situation, c. 1900-500 B.C." (PDF). Harvard Oriental Series Opera Minora. 3.
  8. ^ a b Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 235.
  9. ^ Jamison & Brereton 2014, p. 605, 695.
  10. ^ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 222, 262.
  11. ^ Jamison & Brereton 2014, p. 829.
  12. ^ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 237.
  13. ^ Erdosy & Witzel 1995, p. 239.
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