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World record progression 400 metres individual medley

(redirected from World record progression 400 metres medley)
Main article: List of world records in swimming

The first world record in the 400 metres individual medley in long course (50 metres) swimming was recognized by the International Swimming Federation (FINA) in 1957, followed by the women a year later. In the short course (25 metres) swimming events the world's governing body recognizes world records since March 3, 1991.

Men

Long course

Time Swimmer Date Place
5:15.6 United States Gary Heinrich 27 August 1957 Philadelphia, United States
5:12.9 Soviet Union Vladimir Strushanov 20 October 1957 Moscow, Soviet Union
5:08.8 United Kingdom Ian Black 6 June 1959 Cardiff, United Kingdom
5:07.8 United States George Harrison 24 June 1960 Los Angeles, United States
5:05.3 United States George Harrison 24 June 1960 Los Angeles, United States
5:04.5 United States Dennis Rounsaville 22 July 1960 Toledo, United States
5:04.3 United States Ted Stickles 1 July 1961 Chicago, United States
4:55.6 United States Ted Stickles 18 August 1961 Los Angeles, United States
4:53.8 Germany Gerhard Hetz 24 May 1962 Moscow, Soviet Union
4:51.4 United States Ted Stickles 30 June 1962 Chicago, United States
4:51.0 United States Ted Stickles 12 July 1962 Louisville, United States
4:50.2 Germany Gerhard Hetz 12 October 1963 Tokyo, Japan
4:48.6 United States Dick Roth 31 July 1964 Los Altos, United States
4:45.4 United States Dick Roth 14 October 1964 Tokyo, Japan
4:45.3 Soviet Union Andrei Dunayev 3 April 1968 Tallinn, Soviet Union
4:45.1 United States Greg Buckingham 6 July 1968 Santa Clara, United States
4:43.4 United States Gary Hall, Sr. 20 July 1968 Los Angeles, United States
4:43.3 United States Charlie Hickcox 30 August 1968 Long Beach, United States
4:39.0 United States Charlie Hickcox 30 August 1968 Long Beach, United States
4:38.7 United States Gary Hall, Sr. 11 July 1969 Santa Clara, United States
4:33.9 United States Gary Hall, Sr. 15 August 1969 Louisville, United States
4:31.0 United States Gary Hall, Sr. 21 August 1970 Los Angeles, United States
4:30.81 United States Gary Hall, Sr. 3 August 1972 Chicago, United States
4:28.89 Hungary András Hargitay 20 August 1974 Vienna, Austria
4:26.00 Hungary Zoltán Verrasztó 2 April 1976 Long Beach, United States
4:23.68 United States Rod Strachan 25 July 1976 Montreal, Canada
4:23.39 United States Jesse Vassallo 4 August 1978 The Woodlands, United States
4:20.05 United States Jesse Vassallo 28 August 1978 West Berlin, West Germany
4:19.78 Brazil Ricardo Prado 8 August 1982 Guayaquil, Ecuador
4:19.61 East Germany Jens-Peter Berndt 23 May 1984 Magdeburg, East Germany
4:17.53 Canada Alex Baumann 17 June 1984 Etobicoke, Canada
4:17.41 Canada Alex Baumann 30 July 1984 Los Angeles, United States
4:16.12 United States David Wharton 14 August 1987 Brisbane, Australia
4:15.42 Hungary Tamás Darnyi 19 August 1987 Strasbourg, France
4:14.75 Hungary Tamás Darnyi 21 September 1988 Seoul, South Korea
4:12.36 Hungary Tamás Darnyi 8 January 1991 Perth, Australia
4:12.30 United States Tom Dolan 11 September 1994 Rome, Italy
4:11.76 United States Tom Dolan 17 September 2000 Sydney, Australia
4:11.09 United States Michael Phelps 15 August 2002 Fort Lauderdale, United States
4:10.73 United States Michael Phelps 7 April 2003 Indianapolis, United States
4:09.09 United States Michael Phelps 27 July 2003 Barcelona, Spain
4:08.41 United States Michael Phelps 7 July 2004 Long Beach, United States
4:08.26 United States Michael Phelps 14 August 2004 Athens, Greece
4:06.22 United States Michael Phelps 1 April 2007 Melbourne, Australia
4:05.25 United States Michael Phelps 29 June 2008 Omaha, United States
4:03.84[1] United States Michael Phelps 10 August 2008 Beijing, China

Short course

Time Swimmer Nationality Date Location
4:08.77 Luca Sacchi Italy 29 February 1992 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
4:07.10 Jani Sievinen Finland 9 February 1993 Malmö, Sweden
4:06.03 Jani Sievinen Finland 20 January 1996 Lappeenranta, Finland
4:05.59 Marcel Wouda Netherlands 1 February 1997 Gelsenkirchen, Germany
4:05.41 Marcel Wouda Netherlands 8 February 1997 Paris, France
4:04.24 Matthew Dunn Australia 24 September 1998 Perth, Australia
4:02.72 Brian Johns Canada 23 February 2003 Victoria, Canada
4:00.37 László Cseh Hungary 9 December 2005 Trieste, Italy
3:59.33 László Cseh Hungary 14 December 2007 Debrecen, Hungary
3:57.27 László Cseh Hungary 11 December 2009 Istanbul, Turkey
3:55.50 Ryan Lochte United States 16 December 2010 Dubai, United Arab Emirates
3:54.81 Daiya Seto Japan 20 December 2019 Las Vegas, United States


Women

Long course

Time Swimmer Date Place
5:46.6 United States Sylvia Ruuska 27 June 1958 Los Angeles, United States
5:43.7 United States Sylvia Ruuska 1 August 1958 Topeka, United States
5:41.1 United States Sylvia Ruuska 24 February 1959 Melbourne, Australia
5:40.2 United States Sylvia Ruuska 17 July 1959 Redding, United States
5:36.5 United States Donna de Varona 15 July 1960 Indianapolis, United States
5:34.5 United States Donna de Varona 11 August 1961 Philadelphia, United States
5:29.7 United States Donna de Varona 2 June 1962 Los Altos, United States
5:27.4 United States Sharon Finneran 26 July 1962 Osaka, Japan
5:24.7 United States Donna de Varona 26 July 1962 Osaka, Japan
5:21.9 United States Sharon Finneran 28 July 1962 Osaka, Japan
5:16.5 United States Donna de Varona 10 March 1964 Lima, Peru
5:14.9 United States Donna de Varona 30 August 1964 New York City, United States
5:11.7 United States Claudia Kolb 9 July 1967 Santa Clara, United States
5:09.7 United States Claudia Kolb 1 August 1967 Winnipeg, Canada
5:08.2 United States Claudia Kolb 19 August 1967 Philadelphia, United States
5:04.7 United States Claudia Kolb 24 August 1968 Los Angeles, United States
5:02.97 Australia Gail Neall 9 July 1972 Munich, West Germany
5:01.10 East Germany Angela Franke 18 August 1973 Utrecht, Netherlands
4:57.51 East Germany Gudrun Wegner 6 September 1973 Belgrade, Yugoslavia
4:52.42 East Germany Ulrike Tauber 21 August 1974 Vienna, Austria
4:52.20 East Germany Ulrike Tauber 7 June 1975 Wittenberg, West Germany
4:48.79 East Germany Birgit Treiber 1 June 1976 East Berlin, East Germany
4:42.77 East Germany Ulrike Tauber 24 July 1976 Montreal, Canada
4:40.83 United States Tracy Caulkins 23 August 1978 West Berlin, West Germany
4:39.96 East Germany Petra Schneider 30 March 1980 Leningrad, Soviet Union
4:38.44 East Germany Petra Schneider 27 May 1980 Magdeburg, East Germany
4:36.29 East Germany Petra Schneider 26 July 1980 Moscow, Soviet Union
4:36.10 East Germany Petra Schneider 1 August 1982 Guayaquil, Ecuador
4:34.79 China Chen Yan 13 October 1997 Shanghai, PR China
4:33.59 Ukraine Yana Klochkova 16 September 2000 Sydney, Australia
4:32.89 United States Katie Hoff 1 April 2007 Melbourne, Australia
4:31.46 Australia Stephanie Rice 22 March 2008 Sydney, Australia
4:31.12 United States Katie Hoff 29 June 2008 Omaha, United States
4:29.45 Australia Stephanie Rice 10 August 2008 Beijing, China
4:28.43 China Ye Shiwen 28 July 2012 London, United Kingdom
4:26.36 Hungary Katinka Hosszú 6 August 2016 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Short course

# Time Name Nationality Date Meet Location Ref
4:29.00 Dai Guohong China China 2 December 1993 Short Course Worlds Palma de Mallorca, Spain
4:27.83 Yana Klochkova Ukraine Ukraine 20 January 2002 World Cup meet Paris, France
4:26.52 Kirsty Coventry Zimbabwe Zimbabwe 9 April 2008 Short Course Worlds Manchester, United Kingdom
4:25.87 Julia Smit United States USA 28 November 2008 Canada Cup Toronto, Canada
4:25.06 Mireia Belmonte Spain Spain 14 December 2008 Short Course Europeans Rijeka, Croatia
4:22.80 Kathryn Meaklim South Africa South Africa 22 November 2009 World Cup meet Singapore
4:21.04 Julia Smit United States USA 18 December 2009 Duel in the Pool Manchester, United Kingdom
4:20.85 Katinka Hosszú Hungary 11 Aug 2013 World Cup Berlin, Germany [2]
4:20.83 Katinka Hosszú Hungary 28 Aug 2014 World Cup Doha, Qatar [3]
4:19.86 Mireia Belmonte Spain Spain 3 December 2014 World Championships Doha, Qatar [4]
4:19.46 Katinka Hosszú Hungary Hungary 2 December 2015 European Championships Netanya, Israel [5]
4:18.94 Mireia Belmonte Spain Spain 12 August 2017 World Cup Eindhoven, Netherlands [6]
Legend: # – Record awaiting ratification by FINA;
Records not set in finals: h – heat; sf – semifinal; r – relay 1st leg; rh – relay heat 1st leg; b – B final; † – en route to final mark; tt – time trial



All-time top 25

Men long course

  • Correct as of August 2020
Pos Time Swimmer Date Venue Ref
1 4:03.84 Michael Phelps (USA) 10 August 2008 China [7]
2 4:05.18 Ryan Lochte (USA) 28 July 2012 Great Britain [8]
3 4:05.90 Chase Kalisz (USA) 30 July 2017 Hungary [9]
4 4:06.05 Kosuke Hagino (JPN) 6 August 2016 Brazil [10]
5 4:06.09 Daiya Seto (JPN) 26 January 2020 Japan
6 4:06.16 László Cseh (HUN) 10 August 2008 China [11]
7 4:06.96 Tyler Clary (USA) 7 July 2009 United States [12]
8 4:07.47 Dávid Verrasztó (HUN) 24 June 2017 Hungary [13]
9 4:08.86 Thiago Pereira (BRA) 2 August 2009 Italy [14]
28 July 2012 Great Britain [15]
10 4:09.10 Wang Shun (CHN) 4 September 2013 China [16]
11 4:09.22 Jay Litherland (USA) 28 July 2019 South Korea
12 4:09.62 Max Litchfield (GBR) 30 July 2017 Hungary [17]
13 4:09.88 Luca Marin (ITA) 1 April 2007 Australia [18]
14 4:10.14 Thomas Fraser-Holmes (AUS) 26 April 2013 Australia [19]
15 4:10.18 Yang Zhixian (CHN) 24 September 2014 South Korea [20]
16 4:10.40 Gergő Kis (HUN) 2 August 2009 Italy [21]
17 4:10.41 Qin Haiyang (CHN) 21 October 2019 China [22]
18 4:10.49 Huang Chaosheng (CHN) 24 September 2014 South Korea [23]
19 4:10.52 Yuya Horihata (JPN) 2 April 2012 Japan
20 4:10.53 Oussama Mellouli (TUN) 29 June 2009 Italy [24]
21 4:10.68 Alessio Boggiatto (ITA) 9 August 2008 China [25]
22 4:10.90 Takeharu Fujimori (JPN) 20 May 2017 Japan
23 4:11.04 Daniel Wallace (GBR) 24 July 2014 Great Britain
24 4:11.11 Sebastien Rousseau (RSA) 30 July 2013 United States [26]
25 4:11.27 Erik Vendt (USA) 12 August 2002 United States

Notes

Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 4:11.27:

  • Michael Phelps also swam 4:05.25 (2008), 4:06.22 (2007), 4:07.82 (2008), 4:07.89 (2012), 4:08.26 (2004), 4:08.41 (2004), 4:09.09 (2003), 4:09.28 (2012), 4:10.16 (2006), 4:10.47 (2006), 4:10.73 (2003), 4:11.09 (2002).
  • Ryan Lochte also swam 4:06.08 (2008), 4:06.40 (2009), 4:07.01 (2009), 4:07.06 (2012), 4:07.13 (2011), 4:07.59 (2010), 4:08.09 (2008), 4:08.77 (2010), 4:09.74 (2007), 4:09.98 (2010), 4:10.33 (2008), 4:10.66 (2012), 4:11.05 (2009).
  • Chase Kalisz also swam 4:06.75 (2016), 4:06.99 (2017), 4:07.95 (2018), 4:08.12 (2016), 4:08.25 (2018), 4:08.92 (2018), 4:09.22 (2013), 4:09.43 (2017), 4:09.54 (2016), 4:09.62 (2014), 4:09.67 (2017), 4:09.79 (2017), 4:10.05 (2015), 4:10.55 (2018), 4:10.80 (2018), 4:10.97 (2018), 4:11.01 (2017), 4:11.09 (2018).
  • Kosuke Hagino also swam 4:07.61 (2013), 4:07.75 (2014), 4:07.88 (2014), 4:08.31 (2014), 4:08.54 (2015), 4:08.85 (2016), 4:08.90 (2016), 4:08.94 (2012), 4:09.06 (2016), 4:09.52 (2016), 4:09.80 (2016), 4:09.82 (2014), 4:10.00 (2016), 4:10.01 (2012), 4:10.26 (2012), 4:10.30 (2018), 4:10.45 (2017), 4:10.69 (2018), 4:10.77 (2013), 4:10.88 (2016), 4:11.13 (2018), 4:11.16 (2015), 4:11.23 (2013).
  • Daiya Seto also swam 4:07.95 (2019), 4:07.99 (2017), 4:08.47 (2016), 4:08.50 (2015), 4:08.69 (2013), 4:08.79 (2018), 4:08.95 (2019), 4:08.98 (2018), 4:09.14 (2017), 4:09.25 (2019), 4:09.62 (2019), 4:09.71 (2016), 4:09.98 (2019), 4:10.04 (2015), 4:10.10 (2012), 4:10.17 (2016), 4:10.18 (2017), 4:10.21 (2014), 4:10.22 (2017), 4:10.30 (2019), 4:10.39 (2014), 4:10.44 (2017), 4:10.53 (2016), 4:10.58 (2015), 4:10.90 (2013), 4:10.97 (2015).
  • László Cseh also swam 4:07.37 (2009), 4:09.26 (2008), 4:09.59 (2008), 4:09.63 (2005), 4:09.86 (2006), 4:10.33 (2009), 4:10.79 (2003), 4:10.95 (2010), 4:11.22 (2011)
  • Tyler Clary also swam 4:07.31 (2009), 4:09.03 (2014), 4:09.20 (2010), 4:09.51 (2014), 4:09.55 (2010), 4:09.92 (2012), 4:10.04 (2009), 4:10.39 (2013), 4:11.17 (2011).
  • Dávid Verrasztó also swam 4:08.38 (2017), 4:09.90 (2015), 4:10.01 (2017), 4:10.65 (2018).
  • Thiago Pereira also swam 4:09.48 (2013), 4:11.14 (2007).
  • Wang Shun also swam 4:10.13 (2019).
  • Jay Litherland also swam 4:09.31 (2017), 4:10.21 (2018), 4:11.02 (2016), 4:11.10 (2016).
  • Max Litchfield also swam 4:10.57 (2017), 4:10.63 (2017), 4:10.94 (2019), 4:11.00 (2018).
  • Luca Marin also swam 4:10.22 (2008).
  • Thomas Fraser-Holmes also swam 4:10.55 (2014), 4:10.68 (2014), 4:11.09 (2016).
  • Yang Zhixian also swam 4:10.78 (2013), 4:11.04 (2014).
  • Gergő Kis also swam 4:10.66 (2008), 4:10.99 (2009).
  • Takeharu Fujimori also swam 4:11.26 (2017).

Men short course

  • Correct as of December 2020
Pos Time Swimmer Date Venue
1 3:54.81 Daiya Seto (JPN) 20 December 2019 Las Vegas
2 3:55.50 Ryan Lochte (USA) 16 December 2010 Dubai
3
4 3:57.27 László Cseh (HUN) 11 December 2009 Istanbul
10
12
13
15
16
20
22
23
25 4:01.91 Ilia Borodin (RUS) 18 December 2020 Saint Petersburg

Notes

Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 4:01.91:


Women long course

  • Correct as of December 2020
Pos Time Swimmer Date Venue
1 4:26.36 Katinka Hosszú (HUN) 6 August 2016 Brazil
2 4:28.43 Ye Shiwen (CHN) 28 July 2012 Great Britain
3 4:29.45 Stephanie Rice (AUS) 10 August 2008 China
4 4:29.89 Kirsty Coventry (ZIM) 10 August 2008 China
5 4:30.43 Li Xuanxu (CHN) 17 October 2009 China
6 4:30.82 Yui Ohashi (JPN) 3 April 2018 Japan
7 4:30.85 Qi Hui (CHN) 17 October 2009 China
8 4:31.12 Katie Hoff (USA) 29 June 2008 United States
9 4:31.15 Maya DiRado (USA) 6 August 2016 Brazil
10 4:31.21 Mireia Belmonte (ESP) 4 August 2013 Spain
11 4:31.27 Elizabeth Beisel (USA) 28 July 2012 Great Britain
12 4:31.33 Hannah Miley (GBR) 16 March 2009 Great Britain
13 4:32.20 Zheng Rongrong (CHN) 8 January 2012 China
14 4:32.52 Emily Overholt (CAN) 9 August 2015 Russia
15 4:32.53 Melanie Margalis (USA) 6 March 2020 United States
16 4:32.73 Kaylee McKeown (AUS) 13 December 2020 Brisbane
17 4:32.88 Sydney Pickrem (CAN) 30 July 2017 Hungary
18 4:33.01 Aimee Willmott (GBR) 24 July 2014 Great Britain
19 4:33.50 Zhou Min (CHN) 4 September 2013 China
20 4:33.59 Yana Klochkova (UKR) 16 September 2000 Australia
21 4:33.86 Leah Smith (USA) 29 June 2017 United States
22 4:34.17 Fantine Lesaffre (FRA) 3 August 2018 Great Britain
23 4:34.34 Alessia Filippi (ITA) 10 August 2008 China
24 4:34.48 Caitlin Leverenz (USA) 25 June 2012 United States
25 4:34.50 Zsuzsanna Jakabos (HUN) 4 August 2013 Hungary

Notes

Below is a list of other times equal or superior to 4:34.50:

  • Katinka Hosszú also swam 4:28.58 (2016), 4:29.33 (2017), 4:29.89 (2016), 4:30.31 (2009), 4:30.39 (2015, 2019), 4:30.41 (2013), 4:30.75 (2016), 4:30.90 (2016), 4:30.97 (2016), 4:31.03 (2014), 4:31.07 (2015), 4:31.53 (2014), 4:31.93 (2015), 4:32.25 (2016), 4:32.30 (2019), 4:32.33 (2016), 4:32.52 (2019), 4:32.68 (2016), 4:32.72 (2013), 4:32.78 (2015), 4:32.83 (2012), 4:32.87 (2019), 4:33.06 (2019), 4:33.49 (2012), 4:33.76 (2012), 4:33.77 (2012, 2019), 4:33.80 (2014), 4:33.81 (2017), 4:33.83 (2019), 4:33.88 (2015), 4:33.90 (2017), 4:34.04 (2015), 4:34.12 (2017), 4:34.14 (2016, 2016), 4:34.16 (2015), 4:34.17 (2015), 4:34.33 (2016), 4:34.37 (2019).
  • Ye Shiwen also swam 4:30.84 (2014), 4:31.59 (2013), 4:31.73 (2012), 4:32.07 (2019), 4:32.97 (2014), 4:33.66 (2011), 4:33.79 (2010), 4:34.27 (2013).
  • Stephanie Rice also swam 4:31.46 (2008), 4:32.29 (2009), 4:33.45 (2012), 4:34.23 (2011).
  • Kirsty Coventry also swam 4:32.12 (2009).
  • Li Xuanxu also swam 4:32.91 (2012), 4:33.34 (2011), 4:34.28 (2012).
  • Yui Ohashi also swam 4:31.42 (2017), 4:32.33 (2019), 4:33.02 (2019), 4:33.77 (2018), 4:33.81 (2019), 4:34.27 (2019), 4:34.40 (2017), 4:34.50 (2017).
  • Elizabeth Beisel also swam 4:31.68 (2012), 4:31.69 (2013), 4:31.76 (2012), 4:31.78 (2011), 4:31.99 (2014), 4:32.98 (2014), 4:33.52 (2014), 4:33.55 (2016), 4:34.04 (2010), 4:34.24 (2008), 4:34.38 (2016), 4:34.50 (2013).
  • Katie Hoff also swam 4:31.71 (2008), 4:32.89 (2007).
  • Maya DiRado also swam 4:31.71 (2015), 4:32.70 (2013), 4:33.50 (2016), 4:33.73 (2016), 4:34.34 (2013).
  • Hannah Miley also swam 4:31.76 (2014), 4:32.16 (2015), 4:32.54 (2016), 4:32.67 (2012), 4:32.72 (2009), 4:33.09 (2010), 4:33.25 (2014), 4:33.40 (2016), 4:33.51 (2015), 4:33.74 (2016), 4:34.12 (2017), 4:34.16 (2013), 4:34.17 (2012), 4:34.21 (2013), 4:34.22 (2011).
  • Mireia Belmonte also swam 4:32.17 (2017), 4:32.39 (2016), 4:32.75 (2016), 4:32.92 (2014), 4:33.13 (2014), 4:33.42 (2016), 4:33.91 (2012), 4:34.47 (2019).
  • Aimee Willmott also swam 4:33.64 (2014), 4:33.66 (2015), 4:34.08 (2016)

References

  1. ^ "Swimming Men's 400m Individual Medley Results". Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad. 2008-08-10.
  2. ^ "Women's 400m Individual medley Result". Omega Timing. 11 August 2013. Retrieved 11 August 2013.
  3. ^ "Women's 400m Individual medley Result". Omega Timing. 28 August 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2014.
  4. ^ "Women's 400m IM Results". Omega Timing. 3 December 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
  5. ^ "Katinka Hosszu's World Record Highlights Sizzling Day 1 Prelims at 2015 Euro SCs". Swimming World Magazine. 2 December 2015. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  6. ^ "Women's 400m IM Results". FINA. 12 August 2017. Retrieved 12 August 2017.
  7. ^ https://www.olympic.org/beijing-2008/swimming/400m-individual-medley-men
  8. ^ https://www.olympic.org/london-2012/swimming/400m-individual-medley-men
  9. ^ https://www.omegatiming.com/File/000111010A0105EF04FFFFFFFFFFFF01.pdf
  10. ^ https://www.olympic.org/rio-2016/swimming/400m-individual-medley-men
  11. ^ https://www.olympic.org/beijing-2008/swimming/400m-individual-medley-men
  12. ^ https://www.omegatiming.com/File/0001090B0068000000FFFFFFFFFFFF01.pdf
  13. ^ https://www.omegatiming.com/File/000111010A0105EF04FFFFFFFFFFFF01.pdf
  14. ^ https://www.omegatiming.com/File/0001090B0068000000FFFFFFFFFFFF01.pdf
  15. ^ https://www.olympic.org/london-2012/swimming/400m-individual-medley-men
  16. ^ https://swimswam.com/bio/wang-shun/
  17. ^ https://www.omegatiming.com/File/000111010A0105EF04FFFFFFFFFFFF01.pdf
  18. ^ https://www.omegatiming.com/File/0001070D0068000000FFFFFFFFFFFF01.pdf
  19. ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20131105173541/http://www.swimmingworldmagazine.com/lane9/news/World/34299.asp?q=Commonwealth-Record-for-Fraser-Holmes,-Two-Men-Under-15:00-in-Mile-in-Adelaide
  20. ^ https://swimswam.com/2014-asian-games-day-4-finals-real-time-recaps-can-hagino-muster-energy-6th-medal-will-seto-reign/
  21. ^ https://www.omegatiming.com/File/0001090B0068000000FFFFFFFFFFFF01.pdf
  22. ^ "Wang Shun Doubles Up On IM Events To Keep China In Military Games Medal Lead". SwimSwam. 2019-10-21. Retrieved 2020-04-10.
  23. ^ https://swimswam.com/2014-asian-games-day-4-finals-real-time-recaps-can-hagino-muster-energy-6th-medal-will-seto-reign/
  24. ^ https://www.omegatiming.com/File/0001090B0068000000FFFFFFFFFFFF01.pdf
  25. ^ https://www.olympic.org/beijing-2008/swimming/400m-individual-medley-men
  26. ^ https://www.omegatiming.com/File/Download?id=00010D020200041102FFFFFFFFFFFF02
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