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Tudhaliya III

Tudhaliya III was a short-lived king of the Hittite Empire (New Kingdom) ca. 1344 BC (short chronology); he may have been the son and successor of Hattusili II, however he is normally viewed as the son and immediate successor of Tudhaliya II (according to the king count used here). He is never explicitly known to have been king at all. The Hittite texts refer to him as "Tudhaliya the child" or, as an alternate translation, "Tudhaliya the Young(er)". He was killed by a group of officers that included his successor, and quite probably brother, Suppiluliuma I.

There is some difficulty concerning numbering of the Tudhaliyas (and Hattusilis) of the Hittite empire. This Tudhaliya is normally not included in Hittite king lists, and his father will often be seen listed in modern literature as Tudhaliya III.

Hittite New Kingdom royal family tree
Himuili?[a]
Tudhaliya I/II[b]Nikkalmati[c]
Arnuwanda I[c]Asmunikal[c]
Hattusili II?[d]Tudhaliya III[e]Daduhepa[f]Zida[g]
Tudhaliya the Young[h]Henti[g] (1)Šuppiluliuma I[h](2) Tawananna[i]
Arnuwanda II[g]Telipinu[j]Sarri-Kusuh[k][l]Zannanza[m]Gassulawiya[n] (1)Mursili II[g](2) Tanuhepa[o]
Talmi-Sarruma[p]Sahurunuwa[k][q]Muwatalli II[o]Halpasulupi[r]Massanauzzi[s]Hattusili III[t]Puduhepa[u]
Ini-Tesub[k][v]Urhi-Tesub[o]Kurunta[w]Nerikkaili[x]numerous daughters[y] and sons[z]Tudhaliya IV[aa]
Talmi-Tesub[k][ab]Hartapu[ac]Arnuwanda III[ad]Suppiluliuma II[ad][ae]
Kuzi-Tesub[af]
  • (1) = 1st spouse
  • (2) = 2nd spouse
  • Small caps indicates a Great King (LUGAL.GAL) of the Land of Hatti; italic small caps indicates a Great Queen or Tawananna.
  • Dashed lines indicate adoption.
  • Solid lines indicate marriage (if horizontal) or parentage (if vertical).
References:
  • Trevor Bryce (1997). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
  • Trevor Bryce (2012). The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
  • Volkert Haas (2006). Die hethitische Literatur. Berlin, Germany: de Gruyter.
Notes:
  1. ^ Scholars have suggested that Tudhaliya I/II was the son of Himuili and thus a grandson of the Hittite king Huzziya II (Bryce 1997, p. 131).
  2. ^ Bryce (1997) does not consider it clear whether Tudhaliya I/II was one king or two (p. 133).
  3. ^ a b c Bryce (1997), p. 139.
  4. ^ The existence of Hattusili II is doubtful (Bryce 1997, pp. 153–154).
  5. ^ Bryce (1997), p. 158.
  6. ^ Bryce (1997), p. 172.
  7. ^ a b c d Bryce (1997), p. 174.
  8. ^ a b Bryce (1997), p. 168.
  9. ^ Also known as Malnigal; daughter of Burnaburias II of Babylonia (Bryce 1997, p. 173).
  10. ^ ‘Great priest’ in Kizzuwadna and king (lugal) of Aleppo (Bryce 1997, p. 174).
  11. ^ a b c d King (lugal) of Carchemish.
  12. ^ Bryce (1997), pp. 174, 203–204.
  13. ^ Zannanza died on his way to Egypt to marry a pharaoh's widow, probably Ankhesenpaaten, the widow of Tutankhamun (Bryce 1997, pp. 196–198).
  14. ^ Bryce (1997), p. 227.
  15. ^ a b c Bryce (1997), p. 230.
  16. ^ Bryce (1997), p. 220.
  17. ^ Bryce (1997), p. 222.
  18. ^ Haas (2006), p. 91.
  19. ^ Massanauzzi married Masturi, king of the Seha River Land (Bryce 1997, p. 313).
  20. ^ Bryce (1997), p. 296.
  21. ^ Puduhepa was the daughter of the Kizzuwadnan priest Pentipsarri (Bryce 1997, p. 273).
  22. ^ Bryce (1997), pp. 346, 363.
  23. ^ King (lugal) of Tarhuntassa (Bryce 1997, p. 296); apparently later Great King of Hatti (Bryce 1997, p. 354).
  24. ^ Nerikkaili married a daughter of Bentesina, king of Amurru (Bryce 1997, p. 294).
  25. ^ Two daughters of Hattusili III were married to the pharaoh Ramesses II; one was given the Egyptian name Ma(hor)nefrure. Another, Gassuwaliya, married into the royal house of Amurru. Kilushepa was married to a king of Isuwa. A daughter married into the royal family of Babylon. A sister of Tudhaliya IV married Sausgamuwa, king of Amurru after his father Bentesina. From Bryce (1997), pp. 294 and 312.
  26. ^ Bryce (1997), p. 332.
  27. ^ Bryce (1997), p. 363. Tudhaliya IV probably married a Babylonian princess, known by her title of Great Princess (dumu.sal gal) (Bryce 1997, pp. 294, 331).
  28. ^ Bryce (1997), p. 363.
  29. ^ Great King of Tarhuntassa; son of Mursili, the Great King, who is likely identical with Mursili III/Urhi-Tesub (Bryce 2012, p. 21 f.).
  30. ^ a b Bryce (1997), p. 361.
  31. ^ Last documented Great King of the Land of Hatti.
  32. ^ King and then Great King of Carchemish (Bryce 1997, pp. 384–385).

See also

  • History of the Hittites

External links

Regnal titles
Preceded by
Tudhaliya II 		Hittite king
ca. 1344 BC 		Succeeded by
Suppiluliuma I


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