Military education in the Soviet Union

The Gretchko Naval Academy, led by Captain Anatoliy Karpenko, during a parade on Leningrad's Palace Square in 1983.

There existed an evolved system of military education in the Soviet Union that covered a wide range of ages. The Soviet Armed Forces had many tri-service educational opportunities as well as educational institutions for the Ground Forces, the Air Forces, and the Navy. The Soviet Border Troops, the KGB and the Internal Troops also maintained service academies.

Overview

Higher education

Soviet military academies provided higher education to higher officers and officers of specialized kinds of armed force (engineering, medical, etc.). All able-bodied male students of universities and many other institutions of higher education were subject to training at the Military Faculties (voyennnaya kafedra) to become reservist officers. Soviet professional military education was also available for persons from the Soviet satellite states and from the perceived Soviet sphere of influence among the Third World countries.^[1]

Enlisted training

All able-bodied males obtained basic and specialized military training during obligatory 2-3 year male draft. There also existed schools for under-officers and sergeants, often part of the draft service for distinguished soldiers, as a step towards the professional military career. Reservists were subject to periodic training exercises of duration 2-6 weeks once in several years.

Other educational/training services

Suvorov Military Schools for boys of 14-17 (established in 1943) delivered education in military subjects. Nakhimov Naval Schools were similar to the Suvorov ones, specializing in Navy subjects. Civilians could receive military-related training in military-support organizations DOSAAF and OSOAVIAKHIM.

Under the Ministry of Defense

General Staff of the Armed Forces

Academies

Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Moscow)
Military Diplomatic Academy (Moscow)

Institutes

Military Institute of the Ministry of Defense

Engineering

Voronezh Higher Military Engineering College of Radio Electronics
Cherepovets Higher Military Engineering College of Radio Electronics

Special communications

Shtemenko Krasnodar Military Institute

Specialists

8th Central Officer Refresher Courses for Officers of Mobilization Bodies of the Armed Forces (Saratov)

Main Directorate of International Military Cooperation

Krasnodar Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots
Odessa Higher Military Combined Command Engineering School of Air Defense
Odessa Higher United Military School [1]?
Simferopol United Military School (Perevalnoye)
5th Central Courses for the Training and Improvement of Aviation Personnel (Kant)

Office of the Chief of Space Facilities

A.F. Mozhaysky Military-Engineering School
Riga Higher Military Political School (one faculty)

Main Political Directorate of the Soviet Army and Navy

Academies

Lenin Military-Political Academy

Military-Political

Donetsk Military Political College of Engineers and Signal Corps
Kiev Naval Political College
Lviv Military-Political School
Minsk Higher Military-Political School
Riga Higher Military Political School
Tallinn Higher Military-Political Construction School
Kurgan Higher Military-Political Aviation School
Leningrad Higher Military-Political School of Air Defense named after Yuri Andropov
Novosibirsk Higher Military-Political Combined Arms School named after the 60th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution
Sverdlovsk Higher Military-Political Tank-Artillery School named after Leonid Brezhnev
Simferopol Higher Military-Political Construction School

Under other departments

Military Institute of Physical Culture (under the Sports Committee)
Military Institute of Military Conductors (under the Military Band Service)
Leningrad Higher Military Topographic Command School (under the Military Topographical Directorate of the General Staff)
Military Law Department of the Military Institute (under the Legal Service)

Rear of the Soviet Army

Academies

Military Academy of Logistics and Transport (Leningrad)

Command

Moscow Higher Command School of Road and Engineering Troops (Balashikha)

Rear

Volsky Higher Military School of Logistics
Gorky Higher Military School of Logistics named after Ivan Bagramyan

Engineering

Ulyanovsk Higher Military Technical School named after Bohdan Khmelnytsky

Under the Soviet Army

The Baku Higher Combined Arms Command School during a parade in Baku in 1970.

Combined Arms Institutions

Academies

Frunze Military Academy

Command

Alma-Ata Higher All-Arms Command School
Baku Higher Combined Arms Command School
Far Eastern Higher Combined Arms Command School
Kiev Higher Combined Arms Command School
Moscow Higher Military Command School
Tashkent Higher All-Arms Command School

Tank Forces

Academies

Malinovsky Military Armored Forces Academy

Command

Tashkent Higher Tank Command School
Blagoveshchenskoye Higher Tank Command School
Kazan Higher Tank Command School
Ulyanovsk Guards Higher Tank Command School
Kharkiv Guards Higher Tank Command School
Chelyabinsk Higher Tank Command School

Engineering

Kiev Higher Tank Engineering School
Omsk Higher Tank Engineering School

Rocket and Artillery Forces (GRAU)

Academies

Kalinin Military Artillery Academy (Leningrad)

Command

Kolomensky High Artillery Command School
Leningrad Higher Artillery Command School
Odessa Higher Artillery Command School
Sumy Higher Artillery Command School
Tbilisi Higher Artillery Command School
Khmelnytsky Higher Artillery Command School

Command-Engineering

Kazan Higher Military Command-Engineering School
Saratov Higher Military Command-Engineering School

Signal Troops

Academies

Budyonny Military Academy of the Signal Corps

Command

Kemerovo Higher Military Command Liaison School
Novocherkassk Higher Military Command School of Communications
Poltava Higher Military Command School
Ryazan Higher Military Command School of Communications
Tomsk Higher Military Command School of Communications
Ulyanovsk Higher Military Command School of Communications

Engineering

Kiev Higher Military Engineering School of Communications
Leningrad Higher Military Engineering School

Engineering Forces

Academies

Kuybyshev Military Engineering Academy

Command

Kamenets-Podolsk Higher Military Engineering Command School
Tyumen Higher Military Engineering Command School

Engineering

Kaliningrad Higher School of Engineering

Chemical Troops

Academies

Timoshenko NBC Protection Military Academy

Command

Kostroma Higher Military Command School of Chemical Defense
Tambov Higher Military Command School of Chemical Defense

Engineering

Saratov Higher Military Engineering School of Chemical Defense

Air Defence Troops of the Ground Forces

Academies

Vasilevsky Military Academy of Army Air Defence Forces

Command

Leningrad Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Command School
Orenburg Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Command School
Poltava Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Command School

Engineering

Kiev Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Engineering School
Smolensk Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Engineering School

Airborne Forces

Command

Ryazan Guards Higher Airborne Command School

Automotive Troops

Ussuriysk Higher Military Automotive Command School
Ryazan' Higher Military Automotive Engineering School
Chelyabinsk Higher Military Automotive Engineering School
Samarkand Higher Military Automobile Command School

Under the Soviet Air Defence Forces

Academies

Zhukov Air and Space Defence Academy
Govorov Military Radio Engineering Academy

Command

Gorky Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Command School
Dnepropetrovsk Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Command School
Ordzhonikidze Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Command School
Engels Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Command School of Air Defense
Yaroslavl Higher Anti-Aircraft Missile Defence School
Vilnius Higher Command School of Radio Electronics
Krasnodar Higher Military Aviation School

Command and engineering

Zhytomyr Higher School of Radio Electronics
Pushkin Higher School of Air Defense

Engineering

Minsk Higher Engineering Anti-aircraft Missile School
Kiev Higher Engineering Radio Engineering School

Pilots

Armavir Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots
Stavropol Higher Military Aviation School of Pilots

Under the Soviet Air Force

Academies

Gagarin Air Force Academy
Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy

Aviation/Air Assault

Balashov Higher Military Aviation School
Barnaul Higher Military Aviation School
Borisoglebsk Higher Military Aviation School
Eisk Higher Military Aviation School
Kachin Higher Military Aviation School
Orenburg Higher Military Aviation School
Saratov Higher Military Aviation School
Syzran Higher Military Aviation School
Tambov Higher Military Aviation School
Ufa Higher Military Aviation School
Kharkiv Higher Military Aviation School
Chernigov Higher Military Aviation School
Lugansk Higher Military Aviation School of Navigators
Chelyabinsk Red Banner Military Aviation Institute of Navigators

Engineering

Voronezh Higher Military Aviation Engineering School
Daugavpils Higher Military Aviation Engineering School
Irkutsk Higher Military Aviation Engineering School
Kiev Military Aviation Engineering Academy
Riga Higher Military Aviation Engineering School
Tambov Higher Military Aviation Engineering School
Kharkiv Higher Military Aviation Engineering School
Kharkiv Higher Military Aviation School of Radio Electronics

Medium Technical Aviation

Achinsk Military Aviation Technical School
Vasilkovskoe Military Aviation Technical School
Kaliningrad Military Aviation Technical School
Kirov Military Aviation Technical School (Volgograd)
Lomonosov Military Aviation Technical School (Lebyazhye, Lomonosovsky District, Leningrad Oblast)
Perm Military Aviation Technical School

Under the Soviet Navy

Academies

Gretchko Naval Academy (Leningrad)
Higher Special Officer Classes (Leningrad)

Command

M. V. Frunze Naval College (Leningrad)
Kaliningrad Higher Naval School
Caspian Higher Naval School (Baku)
Pacific Higher Naval School (Vladivostok)
Black Sea Higher Naval School (Sevastopol)
Lenin Komsomol Submarine Navigation Higher Naval School (Leningrad)

Engineering

Dzerzhinsky Higher Naval Engineering School (Leningrad)
"V.I. Lenin" Leningrad Higher Naval Engineering School (Pushkin)
Sevastopol Higher Naval Engineering School
Higher Naval School of Radio Electronics "Alexander Stepanovich Popov" (Petrodvorets)

Secondary and primary vocational education

Auxiliary Fleet (civilian specialists)
Lomonosov Naval School^[2]

Under of the Strategic Missile Forces

Academies

Dzerzhinsky Missile Force Academy (Moscow)

Engineering

Serpukhov Higher Military Command and Engineering School of Rocket Forces named after the Lenin Komsomol
Krasnodar Higher Military Command and Engineering School of the Missile Forces
Perm Higher Military Command and Engineering Red Banner School of Missile Forces
Rostov Higher Military Command and Engineering School of Missile Forces
Kharkov Higher Military Command and Engineering School of Missile Forces
Stavropol Higher Military Engineering School of Communications named after the "60th anniversary of Great October"

Under the Ministry of Internal Affairs

Internal Troops

Command

Novosibirsk Higher Military Command School of the Internal
Ordzhonikidze Higher Military Command School of the Internal Troops named after S.M. Kirov
Perm Higher Military Command School of the Internal Troops
Saratov Higher Military Command School of the Internal Troops named after Dzerzhinsky

Rear

Kharkov Higher Military School of Logistics of the Internal Troops

Military-political

Leningrad Higher Political-School of Internal Troops named after the 60th anniversary of the Komsomol

Under the KGB

Cadets of the Moscow Border Military School of the KGB under the Council of Ministers during the 1972 October Revolution Parade.

Dzerzhinsky Higher School of the KGB (Moscow)
Higher Courses of the KGB (Alma-Ata)
Higher Courses of the KGB (Gorky)
Higher Courses of the KGB (Kiev)
Higher Courses of the KGB (Leningrad)
Higher Courses of the KGB (Minsk)
Higher Courses of the KGB of the USSR (Sverdlovsk)
Higher Courses of the KGB of the USSR (Tashkent)
Higher Courses of the KGB of the USSR (Tbilisi)

First Chief Directorate

Yuri Andropov Institute of the KGB

Third Chief Directorate

Courses of Military Counterintelligence (Novosibirsk)

Soviet Border Troops

Higher Border Command Courses (Moscow)

Command

Higher Border Command School of the KGB named after Dzerzhinsky (Alma-Ata)
Moscow Border Guards Institute of the Border Defence Forces of the KGB "Moscow City Council"

Military-political

Voroshilov Higher Border Military-Political School of the KGB (Golitsyno)

Government Liaison Troops

Command

Oryol "Mikhail Kalinin" Higher Military Command School of Communications of the KGB

Under the Ministry of Medium Machine Building

Volga Higher Military Construction Command School (Dubna)

Under the Ministry of Construction in the Eastern Regions

Khabarovsk Higher Military Construction School

Secondary Schools under the Ministry of Defense

Suvorov Military School
- Yekaterinburg Suvorov Military School
- Kazan Suvorov Military School
- Moscow Suvorov Military School
- Moscow Military Music College
- Leningrad Suvorov Military School
- Kalinin Suvorov Military School
- Ussuriysk Suvorov Military School
- Kiev Suvorov Military School
- Minsk Suvorov Military School
Nakhimov Naval School
- Nakhimov Naval School (Leningrad)

Secondary schools under the Ministry of Higher Education

The Moscow Military Music College during the 1977 October Revolution Parade.

The task of these schools were to train future officers from among the Soviet nationalities.^[3]^[4]

Republican Special Boarding School with in-depth study of the Russian language and enhanced military-physical training named after Hero of the Soviet Union Baurzhan Momyshuly (Alma-Ata)
Republican Special Boarding School with in-depth study of the Russian language and enhanced military-physical training (Ashgabat)
Republican Special Boarding School with in-depth study of the Russian language and enhanced military-physical training (Chisinau)^[5]
Republican Special Boarding School with in-depth study of the Russian language and enhanced military-physical training (Lviv)
Republican Special Boarding School with in-depth study of the Russian language and enhanced military-physical training (Riga)
Republican Special Boarding School with in-depth study of the Russian language and enhanced military-physical training (Tashkent)
Republican Special Boarding School with in-depth study of the Russian language and enhanced military-physical training (Tbilisi)
Republican special boarding school with in-depth study of the Russian language and enhanced military-physical training named after the 60th anniversary of the Communist Party of Kirghizia (Frunze)^[6]
Special Boarding School with in-depth study of the Russian language and enhanced military-physical training (Baku)
Special Boarding School with in-depth study of the Russian language and enhanced military-physical training (Dushanbe)^[7]
Special Boarding School with in-depth study of the Russian language and enhanced military-physical training (Karaganda)
Special Boarding School with in-depth study of the Russian language and enhanced military-physical training (Kryvyi Rih)
Special Boarding School with in-depth study of the Russian language and enhanced military-physical training (Leninabad)
Special Boarding School with in-depth study of the Russian language and enhanced military-physical training (Samarkand)
Special Boarding School with in-depth study of the Russian language and enhanced military-physical training (Tashauz)
Special Boarding School with in-depth study of the Russian language and enhanced military-physical training (Urgench)
Special Boarding School with in-depth study of the Russian language and enhanced military-physical training (Ferghana)
Special Boarding School with in-depth study of the Russian language and enhanced military-physical training (Cherkessk)
Special Boarding School with in-depth study of the Russian language and enhanced military-physical training (Shymkent)

References

^ "Warsaw Pact Reserve Systems: A White Paper", by Rudolf Woller (1978) ISBN 3-7637-5205-6
^ "Из истории колледжа". Ломоносовской морской колледж ВМФ России. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
^ https://xn--2018-43da1a0csli.xn--p1ai/ordena/roo-moskovskie-suvorovcy.html
^ https://xn--b1ac1aqnee.xn--p1ai/voennaya-sluzhba/moskovskie-suvorovcy-2.html
^ https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=g9fOhqL4yV0
^ Administrator. "Кыргызский государственный национальный военный лицей - ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ КОМИТЕТ ПО ДЕЛАМ ОБОРОНЫ КЫРГЫЗСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКИ". www.mil.gov.kg (in Russian). Retrieved 2017-11-22.
^ https://www.caravan.kz/articles/vooruzhennye-sily-tadzhikistana-vchera-i-segodnya-372452/amp/