Wikipedia

Selectable Mode Vocoder

Also found in: Acronyms.

Selectable Mode Vocoder (SMV) is variable bitrate speech coding standard used in CDMA2000 networks.[1] SMV provides multiple modes of operation that are selected based on input speech characteristics.

The SMV for Wideband CDMA is based on 4 codecs: full rate at 8.5 kbit/s, half rate at 4 kbit/s, quarter rate at 2 kbit/s, and eighth rate at 800 bit/s.[1] The full rate and half rate are based on the CELP algorithm[1] that is based on a combined closed-loop-open-loop-analysis (COLA). In SMV the signal frames are first classified as:

  • Silence/Background noise
  • Non-stationary unvoiced
  • Stationary unvoiced
  • Onset
  • Non-stationary voiced
  • Stationary voiced

The algorithm includes voice activity detection (VAD) followed by an elaborate frame classification scheme. Silence/background noise and stationary unvoiced frames are represented by spectrum-modulated noise and coded at 1/4 or 1/8 rate. The SMV uses 4 subframes for full rate and two/three subframes for half rate. The stochastic (fixed) codebook structure is also elaborate and uses sub-codebooks each tuned for a particular type of speech. The sub-codebooks have different degrees of pulse sparseness (more sparse for noise like excitation). SMV scores a high of 3.6 MOS[2] at full rate with clean speech.

The coder works on a frame of 160 speech samples (20 ms) and requires a look ahead of 80 samples (10 ms) if noise-suppression option B is used. An additional 24 samples of look ahead is required if noise-suppression option A is used. So the algorithmic delay for the coder is 30 ms with noise-suppression option B and 33 ms with noise-suppression option A.

The next evolution of CDMA speech codecs is VMR-WB which provides much higher speech quality with wideband while fitting to the same networks.

SMV can be also used in 3GPP2 container file format - 3G2.

References

  1. ^ a b c "3GPP2 C.S0030-0 Selectable Mode Vocoder (SMV) Service Option for Wideband Spread Spectrum Communication Systems" (PDF). 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2009-05-26.
  2. ^ J. Makinen; P. Ojala; H. Toukomaa. "Performance Comparison of Source Controlled GSM AMR and SMV Vocoders" (PDF). Nokia Research Center, Multimedia Technologies Laboratory. Retrieved 2009-05-26.

External links

  • RFC 3558 - RTP Payload Format for Enhanced Variable Rate Codecs (EVRC) and Selectable Mode Vocoders (SMV)
This article is copied from an article on Wikipedia® - the free encyclopedia created and edited by its online user community. The text was not checked or edited by anyone on our staff. Although the vast majority of Wikipedia® encyclopedia articles provide accurate and timely information, please do not assume the accuracy of any particular article. This article is distributed under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License.

Copyright © 2003-2025 Farlex, Inc Disclaimer
All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.