Ryanodine

Ryanodine

Names
IUPAC name (1R,2R,3S,6S,7S,9S,10R,11S,12R,13S,14R)-2,6,9,11,13,14-Hexahydroxy-11-isopropyl-3,7,10-trimethyl-15-oxapentacyclo [7.5.1.01,6.07,13.010,14]pentadec-12-yl 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate
Identifiers
CAS Number	15662-33-6
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:8925
ChEMBL	ChEMBL612231
ChemSpider	16736002
IUPHAR/BPS	4303
KEGG	C08705
MeSH	Ryanodine
PubChem CID	5114
UNII	37H6ATE4SA
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID0032574
InChI InChI=1S/C25H35NO9/c1-12(2)22(31)17(34-16(28)14-7-6-10-26-14)23(32)18(4)11-21(30)19(22,5)25(23,33)24(35-21)15(27)13(3)8-9-20(18,24)29/h6-7,10,12-13,15,17,26-27,29-33H,8-9,11H2,1-5H3/t13-,15+,17+,18-,19+,20-,21-,22+,23+,24+,25+/m0/s1 Key: JJSYXNQGLHBRRK-SFEDZAPPSA-N InChI=1/C25H35NO9/c1-12(2)22(31)17(34-16(28)14-7-6-10-26-14)23(32)18(4)11-21(30)19(22,5)25(23,33)24(35-21)15(27)13(3)8-9-20(18,24)29/h6-7,10,12-13,15,17,26-27,29-33H,8-9,11H2,1-5H3/t13-,15+,17+,18-,19+,20-,21-,22+,23+,24+,25+/m0/s1 Key: JJSYXNQGLHBRRK-SFEDZAPPBA
SMILES C[C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@@]3(C[C@]4([C@@]5([C@]([C@H]([C@@]3([C@]5([C@]2([C@@H]1O)O4)O)O)OC(=O)c6ccc[nH]6)(C(C)C)O)C)O)C)O
Properties
Chemical formula	C25H35NO9
Molar mass	493.547 g/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Ryanodine is a poisonous diterpenoid found in the South American plant Ryania speciosa (Salicaceae). It was originally used as an insecticide.

The compound has extremely high affinity to the open-form ryanodine receptor, a group of calcium channels found in skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and heart muscle cells.^[1] It binds with such high affinity to the receptor that it was used as a label for the first purification of that class of ion channels and gave its name to it.

At nanomolar concentrations, ryanodine locks the receptor in a half-open state, whereas it fully closes them at micromolar concentration. The effect of the nanomolar-level binding is that ryanodine causes release of calcium from calcium stores as the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the cytoplasm, leading to massive muscle contractions. The effect of micromolar-level binding is paralysis. This is true for both mammals and insects.^[2]

See also

• Ryanoid, a class of insecticides with the same mechanism of action as ryanodine

References

• Essential Roles of Intracellular Calcium Release Channels in Muscle, Brain, Metabolism, and Aging Current Molecular Pharmacology vol.8, 2015, pages=206–222, ISSN 1874-4672
• Bertil Hille, Ionic Channels of Excitable Membranes, 2nd edition, Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, MA, 01375, ISBN 0-87893-323-9