| Rheids | |
|---|---|
) | |
| Greater rhea, Rhea americana | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Infraclass: | Palaeognathae |
| Clade: | Notopalaeognathae |
| Order: | Rheiformes Forbes, 1884 |
| Family: | Rheidae Bonaparte, 1853[1] |
| Type species | |
| Rhea americana Linnaeus, 1758 | |
| Family | |
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Rheidae /ˈriːɪdiː/ is a family of flightless ratite birds which first appeared in the Paleocene.[2] It is today represented by the sole living genus Rhea, but also contains several extinct genera.[3]
Taxonomy
Order Rheiformes (Forbes, 1884) Furbringer, 1888 [Rheimorphae Bonaparte, 1849; Rheae Forbes 1884][4][5][6][7][8]
- Family †Opisthodactylidae Ameghino, 1895
- Genus ?†Diogenornis de Alvarenga, 1983
- †Diogenornis fragilis de Alvarenga, 1983 (Late Paleocene) – possibly a member of Casuariiformes instead.[9]
- Genus †Opisthodactylus Ameghino, 1895 (Miocene) – rheid?
- †O. patagonicus Ameghino, 1895
- †O. horacioperezi Agnolin & Chafrat, 2015
- Genus ?†Diogenornis de Alvarenga, 1983
- Family Rheidae (Bonaparte 1849) Bonaparte, 1853 [Rheinae Bonaparte, 1849]
- Genus †Heterorhea Rovereto, 1914
- †Heterorhea dabbenei Rovereto, 1914 (Pliocene)
- Genus †Hinasuri Tambussi, 1995
- †Hinasuri nehuensis Tambussi, 1995
- Genus Rhea Brisson, 1760 [Rhea Moehring, 1758 nomen dubium; Pterocnemia Gray, 1870; Toujou Lacépède, 1801; Tujus Rafinesque, 1815]
- †R. anchorenense (Ameghino & Rusconi, 1932) [Rhea americana anchorenense Ameghino & Rusconi, 1932]
- †R. fossilis Moreno & Mercerat, 1891 [Pterocnemia fossilis (Moreno & Mercerat, 1891); Rhea pampeana Moreno & Mercerat, 1891]
- †R. mesopotamica (Agnolín & Noriega, 2012) [Pterocnemia mesopotamica Agnolín & Noriega, 2012]
- †R. subpampeana Moreno & Mercerat, 1891
- R. americana (Linnaeus, 1758) [Struthio americanus Linnaeus, 1758; Struthio camelus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758); Rhea albescens Lynch & Holmberg, 1878; Rhea rothschildi Brabourne & Chubb, 1911; Struthio rhea Linnaeus, 1766; Rhea nandua Temminck, 1823; Rhea nandu Lesson, 1828; Rhea macrorhyncha Sclater, 1860] (Greater Rhea)
- R. a. albescens Lynch & Holmberg, 1878 [Rhea albescens Lynch & Holmberg, 1878; Rhea americana rothschildi (Brabourne & Chubb, 1919); Rhea rothschildi Brabourne & Chubb, 1919] (Argentine rhea)
- R. a. americana (Linnaeus, 1758) [Struthio camelus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758); Struthio rhea; Rhea nandua Temminck, 1823; Rhea nandu Lesson, 1828; Rhea americana macrorhyncha Sclater, 1860; Rhea macrorhyncha Sclater, 1860] (American rhea)
- R. a. araneipes Brodkorb, 1938
- R. a. intermedia Rothschild & Chubb, 1914 (intermediate rhea)
- R. a. nobilis Brodkorb, 1939
- R. pennata d'Orbigny, 1834 [Rhea darwinii Gould, 1837; Pterocnemia pennata (d'Orbigny, 1834); Pterocnemia darwinii (Gould, 1837); Rhea nana Lyddekker, 1894; Struthio darwinii (Gould, 1837); Pterocnemia tarapacensis Chubb, 1913] (Lesser Rhea)
- R. p. pennata d'Orbigny, 1834 [Pterocnemia pennata pennata (d'Orbigny, 1834); Rhea americana darwinii (Gould, 1837); Pterocnemis darwinii (Gould, 1837); Pterocnemia darwinii (Gould, 1837); Struthio darwinii (Gould, 1837)] (Darwin's lesser Rhea)
- R. p. garleppi (Chubb, 1913) [Pterocnemia tarapacensis garleppi Chubb, 1913; Pterocnemia pennata garleppi (Chubb, 1913); Rhea tarapacensis garleppi (Chubb, 1913)] (Garlepp's rhea)
- R. p. tarapacensis (Chubb, 1913) [Pterocnemia tarapacensis Chubb, 1913; Pterocnemia pennata tarapacensis (Chubb, 1913); Rhea tarapacensis tarapacensis (Chubb, 1913); Pterocnemia tarapacensis tarapacensis Chubb, 1913] (Tarapacá/Puna Rhea)
- Genus †Heterorhea Rovereto, 1914
References
- ^ Brands, Sheila (14 August 2008). "Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification, Family Rheidae". Project: The Taxonomicon. Retrieved 4 February 2009.
- ^ Agnolin, Federico L. (July 2016) [2017]. "Unexpected diversity of ratites (Aves, Palaeognathae) in the early Cenozoic of South America: Palaeobiogeographical implications". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 41 (1): 101–111. doi:10.1080/03115518.2016.1184898. ISSN 0311-5518.
- ^ Mayr, G. (2009). Paleogene fossil birds. Springer.
- ^ Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "Paleognathia - paleognathous modern birds". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ "Taxonomic lists - Aves". Paleofile.com (net, info). Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ "Part 7 - Vertebrates". Collection of genus-group names in a systematic arrangement. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
- ^ Çınar, Ümüt (November 2015). "01 → Pᴀʟᴇᴏɢɴᴀᴛʜᴀᴇ : Sᴛʀᴜᴛʜɪᴏɴɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Rʜᴇɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Cᴀsᴜᴀʀɪɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Aᴘᴛᴇʀʏɢɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Aᴇᴘʏᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Dɪɴᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Lɪᴛʜᴏʀɴɪᴛʜɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs, Tɪɴᴀᴍɪfᴏʀᴍᴇs & Rᴇfᴇʀᴇɴᴄᴇs". English Names of Birds. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ Brodkob, Pierce (1963). "1- Archaeopterygiformes through Ardeiformes". Biological sciences. Catalogue of fossil birds. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum. 7 (4): 180–293. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ Alvarenga, H. (2010). "Diogenornis fragilis (Alvarenga, 1985) restudied: a South American ratite closely related to Casuariidae".