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A pulse storm is a single cell thunderstorm of substantial intensity which only produces severe weather for short periods of time. Such a storm weakens and then generates another short burst – hence "pulse".
Description
Single cell thunderstorms ordinarily form in environments with low wind shear and moderate instability, with the low wind shear contributing to a short average lifespan of less than an hour.[1] When the instability, calculated by Convective available potential energy (CAPE), is strong, the updraft will bring a larger amount of humid air very high above ground and generate a cumulonimbus cloud with high water and ice content.[2] When the rain content, and even hail, falls from it, they can generate damaging winds brought about by downbursts. Rarely, a weak tornado develops in association with a pulse storm as the environment is only weakly sheared, or not at all.[3]
Life cycle
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One can distinguish three stages in the evolution of a pulse storm:[2]
- formation: the upward current of the cell intensifies and allows the condensation of water vapor from the rising air parcel. This forms a cumulus congestus, then a cumulonimbus when ice crystals form at its apex which spreads horizontally in contact with the tropopause.
- maturity: downdrafts are emerging. This stage is accompanied by characteristic phenomena such as lightning and thunder, showers (sometimes hail) and gust front.
- dissipation: the cold pool descending from the cloud extends to the earth's surface and helps to block the feed by pushing the updraft downstream. The outflow can then serve as a trigger for other single cell thunderstorms.
See also
- Project NIMROD
References
- ^ Jeff Haby. "What is a pulse storm?". www.theweatherprediction.com. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
- ^ a b Departement of Atmospheric Sciences. "Evolution of a Single Cell Storm". ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu. University of Illinois. Retrieved 2020-02-19.
- ^ "Pulse storm". Glossary. US National Weather service. Retrieved February 20, 2020.