Partita (also partie, partia, parthia, or parthie[1]) was originally the name for a single-instrumental piece of music (16th and 17th centuries), but Johann Kuhnau (Thomaskantor until 1722), his student Christoph Graupner, and Johann Sebastian Bach used it for collections of musical pieces, as a synonym for suite.
Johann Sebastian Bach wrote two sets of partitas for different instruments. Those for solo keyboard the composer published as his Opus 1 (known as the Klavierübung I). One additional suite in B minor, the Overture in the French Style (often simply called French Overture) is sometimes also considered a partita.[2] See Partitas for keyboard (825–830) and choral partitas for organ. The "Partita" in A minor for solo flute (BWV 1013) which takes the form of a suite of four dances, has been given the title "partita" by its modern editors; it is sometimes transposed for oboe.
Bach also wrote three partitas for solo violin in 1720 which he paired with sonatas. (He titled each of them by the German Partia, but they came to be called by the Italian partita, which was introduced in the Bach Gesellschaft edition in 1879, being the more common term at the time.[3]) See: Sonatas and partitas for solo violin.
The most prolific composer of partitas for harpsichord was Christoph Graupner, whose works in the form number about 57. The first set was published in 1718 and dedicated to his patron Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. The last of his partitas exist in manuscripts dated 1750. They are difficult and virtuosic pieces which exhibit an astonishing variety of musical styles.[4] See: List of harpsichord pieces by Christoph Graupner.
Examples
Listed by composer:
- Johann Paul von Westhoff: Partitas for solo violin
- Johann Sebastian Bach;
- Partita for Violin No. 2 (1720)
- Partita for Violin No. 3
- Partita in A minor for solo flute
- Christoph Graupner
- Monatliche Clavier Früchte, GWV 109–120. 12 Partitas for Harpsichord (1722)
- 45 Partitas for Harpsichord (1718-1750)
- Luigi Dallapiccola: Partita for orchestra (1932)
- William Walton: Partita for Orchestra (1957)
- Krzysztof Penderecki: Partita for Harpsichord and Orchestra (1972)
- Philip Glass:
- Partita for Double Bass (2015)
- Partita No. 1 for Solo Cello, "Songs and Poems"
- Partita No. 2 for Solo Cello
- Stephen Hough: Partita for piano (2019)
Audio files
Johann Kuhnau: a choral partita from 'Biblische Historien'. Here it is called 'Sonata 4' (a programmatic title is added). The tune or cantus firmus is the famous chorale O Haupt voll Blut und Wunden
References
- ^ Fuller, David; Eisen, Cliff (2001). "Partita [parte] (It.; Ger. Partie, Parthie, Partia, Parthia; Lat. pars)". Grove Music Online (8th ed.). Oxford University Press.
- ^ Philipp Spitta, Johann Sebastian Bach: his work and influence on the music of Germany, 1685-1750, Volume 3 (Novello and company, limited, 1899) p. 156.
- ^ Ledbetter, David. Unaccompanied Bach, Performing the Solo Works. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2009.
- ^ Oswald Bill And Christoph (editors), Christoph Graupner : Thematisches Verzeichnis der musikalischen Werke (1683-1760), Stuttgart: Carus-Verlag, 2005. ISBN 3-89948-066-X
External links
- https://web.archive.org/web/20060716075418/http://www.jsbach.org/bwvs800.html contains the BWV listing including the Partitas (with their tonalities).