) | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name 5-Nitro-1H-imidazole | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.019.296  |
PubChem CID | |
| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
InChI
| |
SMILES
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| Properties | |
Chemical formula | C3H3N3O2 |
| Molar mass | 113.076 g·mol−1 |
| Melting point | 303 °C (577 °F; 576 K) (decomposes) |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Xn |
| R-phrases (outdated) | R20/21/22 R36/37/38 |
| S-phrases (outdated) | S26 S36/37 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
5-Nitroimidazole is an organic compound with the formula O2NC3H2N2H. The nitro group at position 5 on the imidazole ring is the most common positional isomer. The term nitroimidazole also refers to a class of antibiotics that share similar chemical structures.[2]
Synthesis
Imidazole undergoes a nitration reaction with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid to give 5-nitroimidazole:
- C3H3N2H + HNO3 + H2SO4 → O2NC3H2N2H + H2O
Nitroimidazole antibiotics
)
From the chemistry perspective, nitroimidazole antibiotics can be classified according to the location of the nitro functional group. Structures with names 4- and 5-nitroimidazole are equivalent from the perspective of drugs since these tautomers readily interconvert. Drugs of the 5-nitro variety include metronidazole, tinidazole, nimorazole, dimetridazole, pretomanid, ornidazole, megazol, and azanidazole. Drugs based on 2-nitromidazoles include benznidazole.
Nitroimidazole antibiotics have been used to combat anaerobic bacterial and parasitic infections.[3] Perhaps the most common example is metronidazole. Other heterocycles such as nitrothiazoles (thiazole) are also used for this purpose. Nitroheterocycles may be reductively activated in hypoxic cells, and then undergo redox recycling or decompose to toxic products.[4]
)
References
- ^ 4-Nitroimidazole at Sigma-Aldrich
- ^ Edwards, David I. (1993). "Nitroimidazole drugs-action and resistance mechanisms I. Mechanism of action". Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 31 (1): 9–20. doi:10.1093/jac/31.1.9. PMID 8444678.
- ^ Mital A (2009). "Synthetic Nitroimidazoles: Biological Activities and Mutagenicity Relationships". Sci Pharm. 77 (3): 497–520. doi:10.3797/scipharm.0907-14.
- ^ Juchau, MR (1989). "Bioactivation in chemical teratogenesis". Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 29: 165–167. doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.29.040189.001121. PMID 2658769.