Mir Emad Hassani میرعماد حسنی قزوینی | |
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) Bust of Mir Emad Hassani | |
| Born | 1554 CE Qazvin, Iran |
| Died | 1615 (aged 60–61) Isfahan, Iran |
| Occupation | Calligraphy |
| Period | Safavids |
| Genre | Persian Calligraphy |
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Mir Emad (born Emad al-Molk Qazvini Hasani (Persian: میرعماد حسنی قزوینی), 1554 – August 15, 1615) is perhaps the most celebrated Persian calligrapher. He was born in Qazvin, Iran. It is believed that the Nastaʿlīq style reached its highest elegance in Mir Emad's works.[2] These are amongst the finest specimens of Nastaʿlīq calligraphy and are kept in several museums in the world.
Early life and education
Mir Emad was born in Qazvin, where he had his early education. Mir Emad's family had librarian and accountant positions in Safavid court. He was trained in calligraphy at first by Isa Rangkar and then Malek Deylami. Mir Emad later on moved to Tabriz to study with Mohammad Hossein Tabrizi. Afterward, he traveled to Ottoman Turkey, Baghdad, Halab and Hijaz. He returned to Semnan and worked as a scribe in Shah Abbas's library and later on his court in the capital of Isfahan.
Rivalry with Ali Reza Abbasi
In Shah Abbas's court, Mir Emad was not the only calligrapher. Ali Reza Abbasi Tabrizi, another famous calligrapher, was also under Shah's patronage. Ali Reza Abbasi's was also a pupil of Mohammad Hossein Tabrizi (Mir Emad's teacher) and later on became Mir Emad's opponent.
Death
Mir Emad was later alleged of being Sunni, a branch of Islam which was not tolerated under Safavids and implicitly sentenced to death by Shah Abbas. In a night, on his way to Hamam, Mir Emad was assassinated by Masud Beik Mesgar Qazvini and for several days no one dared to bury his corpse. Finally his pupil, Abu Torab Khattat Esfahani, buried him in Maghsoudbeyk mosque. He was not allowed to build a mausoleum for Mir Emad.
Works and legacy
"Adab al-Masq", a dissertation on penmanship, is attributed to Mir Emad. Goharshad, Mir Emad's daughter, was also an adept calligrapher. So was her husband, Mir Mohammad Ali and her sons Mir Rashid, Mir Abd al-Razzaq and Mir Yahya. Mir Emad's son, Mirza Ebrahim, is also known to be a calligrapher. So is Mohammad Amin, Mirza Ebrahim's son.
See also
References
- ^ al-Hasani al-Katib, 'Imad (1600). "Safinah Fragment". World Digital Library (in Arabic). Retrieved 30 June 2013.
- ^ "HISTORIC PERSIAN CALLIGRAPHY ARTISTS". Retrieved 19 June 2013.