| Moscow Ring Road (MKAD) Московская кольцевая автомобильная дорога | |
|---|---|
 MKAD on Moscow map[1] | |
 | |
| Route information | |
Part of  E22 E30 E101 E105 E115 E119 | |
| Length | 108.9 km (67.7 mi) |
| Existed | 1961–present |
| Location | |
| Major cities | Moscow |
| Highway system | |
| Russian Federal Highways | |
The Moscow Automobile Ring Road (Russian: Московская кольцевая автомобильная дорога, Moskovskaya Koltsevaya Avtomobilnaya Doroga), or MKAD (МКАД), is a ring road encircling the parts of Moscow, Russia. The length of the road is 108.9 km (67.7 mi), and the number of exits is 35 (including 10 interchanges).
History
The growth of traffic in and around Moscow in the 1950s made the city planners realise Russia's largest metropolis needed a bypass to redirect incoming traffic from major roads that run through the city. Opened in 1961, the MKAD had four lanes of asphalt running 108.9 kilometres along the city borders. Although not yet a freeway, it featured interchanges at major junctions, very few traffic lights and a speed limit of 100 km/h (62 mph).
For a long time the MKAD served as the administrative boundary of Moscow city, until in the 1980s Moscow started annexing territory outside the beltway. In December 2002 Bulvar Dmitriya Donskogo became the first Moscow Metro station that opened beyond the limits of MKAD.[2]
In 1995–1999, the road was widened from the initial four to ten lanes, while all intersections became grade-separated, bridges were built to accommodate pedestrians, traffic lights were removed, and a solid concrete barrier was installed in the median. In 2001, all slow-moving vehicles were banned from entering the MKAD, and the renovated road received a freeway designation from the mayor's office.
Route
| Distance (approx.) | Destinations | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0 km | ){kind=small} |  M7 (Entuziastov shosse) — Nizhny Novgorod | |
| 2 km | ){kind=small} | Pobeda ulitsa — Reutov, Ivanovskoe | |
| 4 km | | Ketcherskaya ulitsa, Nosovikhinskoye ulitsa — Balashikha, Elektrougli | |
| 6 km | | Novokosino District | |
| 7 km | | Moldagulovoy ulitsa, Novoukhtomskoe shosse | |
| 8 km | | North-Eastern Chord, Kosinskoe Highway | |
| 8 km | | Ryazansky prospekt, Lermontovsky prospekt — Lyubertsy | |
| 11 km | |  M5 (Volgogradsky prospekt, Novoryazanskoye shosse) — Bykovo Airport, Ryazan | |
| 14 km | | Verkhniye Polya ulitsa — Kotelniki | |
| 16 km | | Energetikov ulitsa, Kapotnya ulitsa — Dzerzhinsky, Kapotnya | |
| 20 km | | Besedinskoe shosse — Besedy | |
| 24 km | | Kashira Highway | |
| 27 km | |  M4 (Lipetskaya ulitsa) — Domodedovo Airport, Vidnoe, Kashira, Rostov-on-Don | |
| 30 km | | Bulatnikovo | |
| 33 km | |  M2 (Varshavskoe shosse) — Podolsk, Ostafyevo International Airport | |
| 35 km | | Polyany ulitsa — Butovo | |
| 38 km | | Paustovskogo ulitsa — Yasenevo | |
| 41 km | |  A130, Profsoyuznaya ulitsa | |
| 45 km | |  M3 (Kievskoe shosse), Leninsky Avenue — Vnukovo Airport, Bryansk, Kiev | |
| 48 km | | Borovskoye shosse, Ozyornaya ulitsa | |
| 55 km | |  M1 (Minskoye shosse), Mozhayskoye shosse — Smolensk, Brest | |
| 56 km | | Gorbunova ulitsa — Nemchinovka | |
| 60 km | |  A106 (Rublevo-Uspenskoye shosse) — Uspenskoye | |
| 61 km | | Rublevo-Uspenskoye shosse — Rublevo | |
| 63 km | |  M9 (Novorizhskoye shosse), Marshala Zhukova prospekt — Riga, Velikiye Luki | |
| 65 km | | Myankininsky prospekt — Myakinino | |
| 68 km | |  A109 (Volokolamskoye shosse) — Dedovsk, Petrovo-Dalneye | |
| 72 km | | Novokurkinskoye shosse — Kurkino | |
| 74 km | | Svobody ulitsa, Molodezhnaya ulitsa — Kurkino | |
| 75 km | |  M10 (Leningradskoye Highway) — Sheremetyevo International Airport, Khimki, St. Petersburg | |
| 78 km | |  M11 | |
| 82 km | |  A104 (Dmitrovskoye shosse) — Dubna, Dmitrov | |
| 85 km | | Altufyevskoye shosse — Veshki | |
| 91 km | | Ostashskaya ulitsa | |
| 95 km | |  M8 (Yaroslavskoye shosse) — Yaroslavl | |
| 103 km | | Khabarovskaya ulitsa — Abramtsevo | |
| 105 km | |  A103 (Shchelkovskoye shosse) — Shchyolkovo |
Gallery
Interchange of MKAD and Kashirskoye Highway in Moscow
MKAD interchange with Moscow–Saint Petersburg motorway
Interchange of MKAD and Leningradskoye Highway
Interchange of MKAD and Borovskoe shosse
Interchange of MKAD and Mozhayskoe shosse
MKAD interchange with Novorizhskoe shosse
Interchange of MKAD and Volokolamskoe shosse
Interchange of MKAD and Yaroslavskoe shosse
Interchange of MKAD and Myakininsky proezd
MKAD interchange with Molodogvardeyskaya street
MKAD interchange with Dmitrovskoe highway
MKAD interchange with Verkhniye polya street
MKAD interchange with M2
MKAD near Strogino District
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MKAD interchange with Profsoyuznaya street
Yaroslavskoe highway interchange
Interchange of MKAD and Volgogradsky Prospekt in Moscow
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See also
Ring roads in Moscow:
- Boulevard Ring
- Garden Ring
- Third Ring Road
- Central Ring Road
Comparison to other ring roads encircling big cities:
- Saint Petersburg Ring Road
- Ring roads of Beijing
- London Orbital motorway
- Washington, DC Beltway
- A23 in Vienna
- Boulevard Périphérique in Paris
- Grande Raccordo Anulare in Rome
- Autopista de Circunvalación M-40 and M-50 (Spain) in Madrid
- Tokyo Central Circular Expressway, Tokyo Outer Expressway and other four regular roads, encircling Tokyo
Notes and references
- ^ Map not including the new boroughs (2012) of Novomoskovsky and Troitsky
- ^ "Bul'var Dmitriya Donskogo". Moscow Metro official site. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 30 June 2013.