This is a list of woods, most commonly used in the timber and lumber trade.
Softwoods (coniferous)
- Araucaria
- Hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii)
- Monkey puzzle tree (Araucaria araucana)
- Paraná pine (Araucaria angustifolia)
- Cedar (Cedrus)
- Celery-top pine (Phyllocladus aspleniifolius)
- Cypress (Chamaecyparis, Cupressus, Taxodium)
- Arizona cypress (Cupressus arizonica)
- Bald cypress, southern cypress (Taxodium distichum)
- Alerce (Fitzroya cupressoides)
- Hinoki cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa)
- Lawson's cypress (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana)
- Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens)
- Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
- Coast Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii)
- Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca)
- European yew (Taxus baccata)
- Fir (Abies)
- Balsam fir (Abies balsamea)
- Silver fir (Abies alba)
- Noble fir (Abies procera)
- Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis)
- Hemlock (Tsuga)
- Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)
- Mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana)
- Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla)
- Huon pine, Macquarie pine (Lagarostrobos franklinii)
- Kauri (New Zealand) (Agathis australis)
- Queensland kauri (Australia) (Agathis robusta)
- Japanese nutmeg-yew, kaya (Torreya nucifera)
- Larch (Larix)
- European larch (Larix decidua)
- Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi)
- Tamarack (Larix laricina)
- Western larch (Larix occidentalis)
- Pine (Pinus)
- European black pine (Pinus nigra)
- Jack pine (Pinus banksiana)
- Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)
- Monterey pine (Pinus radiata)
- Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)
- Red pine (North America) (Pinus resinosa)
- Scots pine, red pine (UK) (Pinus sylvestris)
- White pine
- Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus)
- Western white pine (Pinus monticola)
- Sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana)
- Southern yellow pine
- Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)
- Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris)
- Pitch pine (Pinus rigida)
- Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata)
- Red cedar
- Eastern red cedar, (Juniperus virginiana)
- Western red cedar (Thuja plicata)
- Coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens)
- Rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum)
- Spruce (Picea)
- Norway spruce (Picea abies)
- Black spruce (Picea mariana)
- Red spruce (Picea rubens)
- Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis)
- White spruce (Picea glauca)
- Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica)
- White cedar
- Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis)
- Atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides)
- Nootka cypress (Cupressus nootkatensis)
Hardwoods (angiosperms)
- Abachi (Triplochiton scleroxylon)
- Acacia (Acacia sp., Robinia pseudoacacia)
- African padauk (Pterocarpus soyauxii)
- Afzelia, doussi (Afzelia africana)
- Agba, tola (Gossweilerodendron balsamiferum)
- Alder (Alnus)
- Black alder (Alnus glutinosa)
- Red alder (Alnus rubra)
- Ash (Fraxinus)
- Black ash (Fraxinus nigra)
- Blue ash (Fraxinus quadrangulata)
- Common ash (Fraxinus excelsior)
- Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)
- Oregon ash (Fraxinus latifolia)[1]
- Pumpkin ash (Fraxinus profunda) [1]
- White ash (Fraxinus americana)
- Aspen (Populus)
- Bigtooth aspen (Populus gradidentata)
- European aspen (Populus tremula)
- Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides)
- Australian red cedar (Toona ciliata)
- Ayan, movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus)[2]
- Balsa (Ochroma pyramidale)
- Basswood, linden
- American basswood (Tilia americana)[1]
- White basswood (Tilia heterophylla)[1]
- American beech (Fagus grandifolia)
- Birch (Betula)
- American birches
- Gray birch (Betula populifolia)
- Black birch (Betula nigra)
- Paper birch (Betula papyrifera)
- Sweet birch (Betula lenta)
- Yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis)
- European birches
- Silver birch (Betula pendula)
- Downy birch (Betula pubescens)
- American birches
- Blackbean (Castanospermum australe)
- Blackwood
- Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon)
- African blackwood, mpingo (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
- Bloodwood (Brosimum rubescens)[3]
- Boxelder (Acer negundo)
- Boxwood, common box (Buxus sempervirens)
- Brazilian walnut (Ocotea porosa)
- Brazilwood (Caesalpinia echinata)
- Buckeye, Horse-chestnut (Aesculus)
- Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum)
- Ohio buckeye (Aesculus glabra)
- Yellow buckeye (Aesculus flava)
- Butternut (Juglans cinerea)
- California bay laurel (Umbellularia californica)
- Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora)
- Cape chestnut (Calodendrum capense)
- Catalpa, catawba (Catalpa)
- Ceylon satinwood (Chloroxylon swietenia)
- Cherry (Prunus)
- Black cherry (Prunus serotina)
- Red cherry (Prunus pensylvanica)
- Wild cherry (Prunus avium)
- Chestnut (Castanea spp.)
- Chestnut (Castanea sativa)
- American Chestnut (Castanea dentata)
- Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum)
- Cocobolo (Dalbergia retusa)
- Corkwood (Leitneria floridana)
- Cottonwood, popular
- Eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides)
- Swamp cottonwood (Populus heterophylla)
- Cucumbertree (Magnolia acuminata)
- Cumaru (Dipteryx spp.)[4]
- Dogwood (Cornus spp.)
- Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida)
- Pacific dogwood (Cornus nuttallii)
- Ebony (Diospyros)
- Andaman marblewood (Diospyros kurzii)
- Ebène marbre (Diospyros melanida)
- African ebony (Diospyros crassiflora)[5]
- Ceylon ebony (Diospyros ebenum)
- Elm
- American elm (Ulmus americana)
- English elm (Ulmus procera)
- Rock elm (Ulmus thomasii)
- Slippery elm, red elm (Ulmus rubra)
- Wych elm (Ulmus glabra)
- Eucalyptus
- Lyptus: Flooded gum (Eucalyptus grandis)
- White mahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides)
- Brown mallet (Eucalyptus astringens)[6]
- Banglay, southern mahogany (Eucalyptus botryoides)
- River red gum (Eucalyptus camaldulensis)
- Karri (Eucalyptus diversicolor)
- Blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus)
- Flooded gum, rose gum (Eucalyptus grandis)
- York gum (Eucalyptus loxophleba)[6]
- Jarrah (Eucalyptus marginata)
- Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys)
- Grey ironbark (Eucalyptus paniculata)
- Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis)
- Mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans)
- Australian oak (Eucalyptus obliqua)
- Alpine ash (Eucalyptus delegatensis)
- Red mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera)
- Swamp mahogany, swamp messmate (Eucalyptus robusta)
- Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus saligna)
- Mugga, red ironbark (Eucalyptus sideroxylon)
- Redwood (Eucalyptus transcontinentalis)[6]
- Wandoo (Eucalyptus wandoo)[6]
- European crabapple (Malus sylvestris)
- European pear (Pyrus communis)
- Gonçalo alves (Astronium spp.)
- Greenheart (Chlorocardium rodiei)
- Grenadilla, mpingo (Dalbergia melanoxylon)
- Guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense)
- Gum (Eucalyptus)
- Gumbo limbo (Bursera simaruba)
- Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis)
- Hickory (Carya)
- Pecan (Carya illinoinensis)
- Pignut hickory (Carya glabra)
- Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata)
- Shellbark hickory (Carya laciniosa)
- Hornbeam (Carpinus spp.)
- American hophornbeam (Ostrya virginiana)
- Ipê (Handroanthus spp.)
- Iroko, African teak (Milicia excelsa)
- Ironwood
- Balau (Shorea spp.)
- American hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana)
- Sheoak, Polynesian ironwood (Casuarina equisetifolia)
- Giant ironwood (Choricarpia subargentea)
- Diesel tree (Copaifera langsdorffii)
- Borneo ironwood (Eusideroxylon zwageri)
- Lignum vitae
- Guaiacwood (Guaiacum officinale)
- Holywood (Guaiacum sanctum)
- Takian (Hopea odorata)
- Black ironwood (Krugiodendron ferreum)
- Black ironwood, olive (Olea spp.)
- Lebombo ironwood Androstachys johnsonii
- Catalina ironwood (Lyonothamnus floribundus)
- Ceylon ironwood (Mesua ferrea)
- Desert ironwood (Olneya tesota)
- Persian ironwood (Parrotia persica)
- Brazilian ironwood, pau ferro (Caesalpinia ferrea)
- Yellow lapacho (Tabebuia serratifolia)
- Jacarandá-boca-de-sapo (Jacaranda brasiliana)
- Jacarandá de Brasil (Dalbergia nigra)
- Jatobá (Hymenaea courbaril)
- Kingwood (Dalbergia cearensis)
- Lacewood
- Northern silky oak (Cardwellia sublimis)
- American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis)
- London plane (Platanus × acerifolia)
- Limba (Terminalia superba)
- Locust
- Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia)
- Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos)
- Mahogany
- Genuine mahogany (Swietenia)[7]
- West Indies mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni)
- Bigleaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla)
- Pacific Coast mahogany (Swietenia humilis)
- other mahogany
- African mahogany (Khaya spp.)
- Chinese mahogany (Toona sinensis)
- Australian red cedar, Indian mahogany (Toona ciliata)
- Philippine mahogany, calantis, kalantis (Toona calantas)
- Indonesian mahogany, suren (Toona sureni)
- Sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum)
- Sipo, utile (Entandrophragma utile)
- Tiama, (Entandrophragma angolense)
- Kosipo, (Entandrophragma candollei)
- Mountain mahogany, bottle tree (Entandrophragma caudatumi)
- Indian mahogany, chickrassy, chittagong wood (Chukrasia velutina)
- Spanish Cedar, cedro, Brazilian mahogany (Cedrela odorata)
- Light bosse, pink mahogany (Guarea cedrata)
- Dark bosse, pink Mahogany (Guarea thompsonii)
- American muskwood (Guarea grandifolia)
- Carapa, royal mahogany, demerara mahogany, bastard mahogany, andiroba, crabwood (Carapa guianensis)[8]
- Bead-tree, white cedar, Persian lilac (Melia azedarach)
- Genuine mahogany (Swietenia)[7]
- Maple (Acer)
- Hard maple
- Sugar maple (Acer saccharum)
- Black maple (Acer nigrum)
- Soft maple
- Boxelder (Acer negundo)
- Red maple (Acer rubrum)
- Silver maple (Acer saccharinum)
- European maple
- Sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus)
- Hard maple
- Marblewood (Marmaroxylon racemosum)
- Marri, red gum (Corymbia calophylla)
- Meranti (Shorea spp.)
- Merbau, ipil (Intsia bijuga),Kwila
- Mopane (Colophospermum mopane)
- Oak (Quercus)
- White oak
- White oak (Quercus alba)
- Bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa)
- Post oak (Quercus stellata)
- Swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor)
- Southern live oak (Quercus virginiana)
- Swamp chestnut oak (Quercus michauxii)
- Chestnut oak (Quercus prinus)
- Chinkapin oak (Quercus muhlenbergii)
- Canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis)
- Overcup oak (Quercus lyrata)
- English oak (Quercus robur)
- Red oak
- Northern red oak (Quercus rubra)
- Eastern black oak (Quercus velutina)
- Laurel oak (Quercus laurifolia)
- Southern red oak (Quercus falcata)
- Water oak (Quercus nigra)
- Willow oak (Quercus phellos)
- Nuttall's oak (Quercus texana)
- White oak
- Okoumé (Aucoumea klaineana)
- Olive (Olea europaea)
- Pink ivory (Berchemia zeyheri)
- Poplar
- Balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera)
- Black poplar (Populus nigra)
- Hybrid black poplar (Populus × canadensis)
- Purpleheart (Peltogyne spp.)
- Queensland maple (Flindersia brayleyana)
- Queensland walnut (Endiandra palmerstonii)
- Ramin (Gonystylus spp.)
- Redheart, chakté-coc (Erythroxylon mexicanum)
- Sal (Shorea robusta)
- Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua)
- Sandalwood (Santalum spp.)
- Indian sandalwood (Santalum album)
- Sassafras (Sassafras albidum)
- Southern sassafras (Atherosperma moschatum)
- Satiné, satinwood (Brosimum rubescens)[9]
- Silky oak (Grevillea robusta)
- Silver wattle (Acacia dealbata)
- Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum)
- Spanish-cedar (Cedrela odorata)
- Spanish elm (Cordia alliodora)
- Tamboti (Spirostachys africana)
- Teak (Tectona grandis)
- Thailand rosewood (Dalbergia cochinchinensis)
- Tupelo (Nyssa spp.)
- Black tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica)
- Tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera)
- Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera)
- Walnut (Juglans)
- Eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra)
- Common walnut (Juglans regia)
- Wenge (Millettia laurentii)
- Panga-panga (Millettia stuhlmannii)
- Willow (Salix)
- Black willow (Salix nigra)
- Cricket-bat willow (Salix alba 'Caerulea')
- White willow (Salix alba)
- Weeping willow (Salix babylonica)
- Zingana, African zebrawood (Microberlinia brazzavillensis)
Pseudowoods
Other wood-like materials:
See also
- Janka hardness test
- List of Indian timber trees
References
- ^ a b c d Summit, R. and A. Sliker. 1980. Handbook of Materials Science, Volume IV: Wood. Florida: CRC Press, Inc.
- ^ Distemonanthus benthamianus. Wood Technical Fact Sheet. Forest Service. USDA.
- ^ "Bloodwood | the Wood Database - Lumber Identification (Hardwood)".
- ^ "MADERAS DEL". Government of Peru, INIA. 1999. Retrieved 13 August 2019.
- ^ Diospyros crassiflora. Archived 2015-03-24 at the Wayback Machine Plant Resources of Tropical Africa.
- ^ a b c d Denham, R. (1999). "Specialty Timbers for the Western Australian Wheatbelt" (PDF). Farmnote 80/99. Department of Agriculture Western Australia. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
- ^ the editors of Fine woodworking (2003). In the 18th century style: building furniture inspired by the classical tradition. USA: The Taunton Press. pp. 36–43. ISBN 1-56158-397-9.
- ^ Carapa guianensis. Archived 2014-01-09 at the Wayback Machine World Agroforestry Centre.
- ^ Richter, H. G. and M. J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Brosimum rubescens Taub. Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. DELTA – DEscription Language for TAxonomy. June 2009.
External links
- National Hardwood and Lumber Association
- American Hardwood Information Center
- American Hardwood Export Council
- Australian National Association of Forest Industries
- Canadian Wood Group
- FSC Lesser Known Tropical Wood Index
- Database of Wood Species
- NCSU Inside Wood project
- Reproduction of The American Woods: exhibited by actual specimens and with copious explanatory text by Romeyn B. Hough
- US Forest Products Laboratory, "Characteristics and Availability of Commercially Important Wood" from the Wood Handbook PDF 916K
- International Wood Collectors Society
- Xiloteca Manuel Soler (One of the largest private collection of wood samples)
- African Timber Export Statistics