Wikipedia

List of winners of the Boston Marathon

Ernst van Dyk
Ernst van Dyk has won the Boston Marathon ten times, more than any other athlete.

The Boston Marathon, one of the six World Marathon Majors, is a 26.2-mile (42.2 km) race which has been held in the Greater Boston area in Massachusetts since 1897.[1] It is the oldest annual marathon in the world.[2] The event is held on Patriots' Day, the third Monday of April. Various factors meant that until 1957 the course varied in length, due to which the marathon recognizes several course records that are slower than previous records due to being run on longer courses.[3][4] The first Boston Marathon included only 15 runners, all of whom were men, and was won by John McDermott.[3] The race was cancelled for the first time in its history in 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[1] The winners have represented 27 different countries: Americans have won the marathon the most, doing so on 108 occasions; Kenyans have won 34 times; and Canadians 21 times. Ernst van Dyk is the most successful individual athlete, having won the men's wheelchair division ten times. The current course records are held by Geoffrey Mutai, Buzunesh Deba, Marcel Hug and Manuela Schär.

Clarence DeMar won the men's open race seven times, more than any other runner, achieving his first victory in 1911 and his last in 1930.[5] Women were only officially allowed to run the race beginning in 1972, though female runners had unofficially participated beginning in 1966 despite breaching the rules of the Amateur Athletic Union.[3] The first six victories in the women's open division, between 1966 and 1971, were officially recognized in 1996. Bobbi Gibb was the first woman to finish the race in 1966,[6] while Nina Kuscsik was the first official winner in 1972.[3] Catherine Ndereba's four victories between 2000 and 2005 are the most in the women's open division.[5] The Boston Marathon became the first major marathon to include a wheelchair division, in 1975, which was won by Robert Hall,[3] though the first person to complete the race in a wheelchair had been Eugene Roberts in 1970.[7] The first female wheelchair finisher, Sharon Rahn, came in 1977. Ernst van Dyk's ten wins in the men's wheelchair division are the most of any athlete at Boston, while Jean Driscoll leads the women's wheelchair division with seven wins, and holds the overall record for the most consecutive victories, also seven.[5] A handcyclist division was recognized for the first time in 2017, though handcyclists had been taking part prior to that.[8] Tom Davis has won all three men's handcyclist races since it was officially recognized, while the women's race has had a different winner each year.

The course was designed to replicate the original marathon in Greece; a hilly point-to-point race, and as such has not been the venue for many world records.[a] Suh Yun-bok set the only World Athletics-ratified men's open division world record in 1947, in a time of 2:25:39.[10][9] Two apparent world record times set between 1951 and 1956 by Keizo Yamada and Antti Viskari were later struck when the course was found to be over 1,000 yards (910 m) short.[11][12] In 1975, Liane Winter took advantage of a 25 miles per hour (40 km/h) following wind to set a world record in the women's open race of 2:42:24,[13] and eight years later, Joan Benoit beat a world record that had only been set the day before at the London Marathon, finishing in 2:22:43.[10] Since 1990, the Boston Marathon has been ineligible for world records, as the start and finish are too far away from each other, and the race is a net downhill.[14] In 2011, Geoffrey Mutai won the race in 2:03:02, which was the world's fastest time for the marathon, beating the official world record by 57 seconds.[15]

Winners

Key

 World record[b]
 Current course record
 Course record
 Unofficial course record
 Short course

Men's open division

John McDermott
John McDermott won the first Boston Marathon in 1897.
Clarence DeMar
Clarence DeMar has won the Boston Marathon seven times, more than any other runner in the Men's open division.
Suh Yun-bok set a world record at the 1947 Boston Marathon.
Suh Yun-bok
John J. Kelley
John J. Kelley won the 1957 Boston Marathon with a course record.
Aurèle Vandendriessche
Aurèle Vandendriessche won back-to-back marathons in 1963 and 1964.
Ron Hill
Ron Hill set a course record at the 1970 Boston Marathon.
Bill Rodgers
Bill Rodgers won the race four times between 1975 and 1980.
Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot
Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot won the race four times, and set two course records.
Geoffrey Mutai
Geoffrey Mutai holds the current course record, 2:03:02, set in 2011.
Winners: Men's open division[4][5]
Year Winner Country Time Distance Notes
1897 John McDermott United States 2:55:10 24.5 miles (39.4 km)
1898 Ronald MacDonald Canada 2:42:00
1899 Lawrence Brignolia United States 2:54:38
1900 Jack Caffery Canada 2:39:44
1901 Jack Caffery Canada 2:29:23 Second victory
1902 Sammy Mellor United States 2:43:12
1903 John Lordan United States 2:41:29
1904 Michael Spring United States 2:38:04
1905 Frederick Lorz United States 2:38:25
1906 Timothy Ford United States 2:45:45
1907 Tom Longboat Canada 2:24:24
1908 Thomas Morrissey United States 2:25:43
1909 Henri Renaud United States 2:53:36
1910 Fred S. Cameron Canada 2:28:52
1911 Clarence DeMar United States 2:21:39
1912 Michael J. Ryan United States 2:21:18
1913 Fritz Carlson United States 2:25:14
1914 Jimmy Duffy Canada 2:25:14
1915 Édouard Fabre Canada 2:31:41
1916 Arthur Roth United States 2:27:16
1917 Bill Kennedy United States 2:28:37
1918 Camp Devens relay team United States 2:29:53 Due to World War I, the race was a 10-man relay for military teams.
1919 Carl Linder United States 2:29:13
1920 Peter Trivoulides Greece 2:29:31
1921 Frank Zuna United States 2:18:57
1922 Clarence DeMar United States 2:18:10 Second victory; 24.5-mile course record
1923 Clarence DeMar United States 2:23:47 Third victory
1924 Clarence DeMar United States 2:29:40 26.1 miles (42.0 km) Fourth victory
1925 Charles Mellor United States 2:33:00
1926 Johnny Miles Canada 2:25:40
1927 Clarence DeMar United States 2:40:22 26.2 miles (42.2 km) Course record, fifth victory
1928 Clarence DeMar United States 2:37:07 Course record, sixth victory
1929 Johnny Miles Canada 2:33:08 Course record, second victory
1930 Clarence DeMar United States 2:34:48 Seventh victory
1931 James Henigan United States 2:46:45
1932 Paul de Bruyn Germany 2:33:36
1933 Les Pawson United States 2:31:01 Course record
1934 Dave Komonen Canada 2:32:53
1935 Johnny Kelley United States 2:32:07
1936 Ellison Brown United States 2:33:40
1937 Walter Young Canada 2:33:20
1938 Les Pawson United States 2:35:34 Second victory
1939 Ellison Brown United States 2:28:51 Course record, second victory
1940 Gérard Côté Canada 2:28:28 Course record
1941 Les Pawson United States 2:30:38 Third victory
1942 Joe Smith United States 2:26:51 Course record
1943 Gérard Côté Canada 2:28:25 Second victory
1944 Gérard Côté Canada 2:31:50 Third victory
1945 Johnny Kelley United States 2:30:40 Second victory
1946 Stylianos Kyriakides Greece 2:29:27
1947 Suh Yun-bok South Korea 2:25:39 World record
1948 Gérard Côté Canada 2:31:02 Fourth victory
1949 Gösta Leandersson Sweden 2:31:50
1950 Ham Kee-yong South Korea 2:32:39
1951 Shigeki Tanaka Japan 2:27:45 25.7 miles (41.4 km)
1952 Mateo Flores Guatemala 2:31:53
1953 Keizo Yamada Japan 2:18:51 Considered a world record until it was discovered that the course was short.[11]
1954 Veikko Karvonen Finland 2:20:39
1955 Hideo Hamamura Japan 2:18:22
1956 Antti Viskari Finland 2:14:14 25.7-mile (41.4 km) course record; considered a world record until it was discovered that the course was short.[12]
1957 John J. Kelley United States 2:20:05 26.2 miles (42.2 km) Course record
1958 Franjo Mihalic Yugoslavia 2:25:54
1959 Eino Oksanen Finland 2:22:42
1960 Paavo Kotila Finland 2:20:54
1961 Eino Oksanen Finland 2:23:39 Second victory
1962 Eino Oksanen Finland 2:23:48 Third victory
1963 Aurèle Vandendriessche Belgium 2:18:58 Course record
1964 Aurèle Vandendriessche Belgium 2:19:59 Second victory
1965 Morio Shigematsu Japan 2:16:33 Course record
1966 Kenji Kimihara Japan 2:17:11
1967 Dave McKenzie New Zealand 2:15:45 Course record
1968 Amby Burfoot United States 2:22:17
1969 Yoshiaki Unetani Japan 2:13:49 Course record
1970 Ron Hill United Kingdom 2:10:30 Course record
1971 Álvaro Mejía Colombia 2:18:45
1972 Olavi Suomalainen Finland 2:15:39
1973 Jon Anderson United States 2:16:03
1974 Neil Cusack Ireland 2:13:39
1975 Bill Rodgers United States 2:09:55 Course record
1976 Jack Fultz United States 2:20:19
1977 Jerome Drayton Canada 2:14:46
1978 Bill Rodgers United States 2:10:13 Second victory
1979 Bill Rodgers United States 2:09:27 Course record, third victory
1980 Bill Rodgers United States 2:12:11 Fourth victory
1981 Toshihiko Seko Japan 2:09:26 Course record
1982 Alberto Salazar United States 2:08:52 Course record
1983 Greg Meyer United States 2:09:00
1984 Geoff Smith United Kingdom 2:10:34
1985 Geoff Smith United Kingdom 2:14:05 Second victory
1986 Robert de Castella Australia 2:07:51 Course record
1987 Toshihiko Seko Japan 2:11:50 Second victory
1988 Ibrahim Hussein Kenya 2:08:43
1989 Abebe Mekonnen Ethiopia 2:09:06
1990 Gelindo Bordin Italy 2:08:19
1991 Ibrahim Hussein Kenya 2:11:06 Second victory
1992 Ibrahim Hussein Kenya 2:08:14 Third victory
1993 Cosmas Ndeti Kenya 2:09:33
1994 Cosmas Ndeti Kenya 2:07:15 Course record, second victory
1995 Cosmas Ndeti Kenya 2:09:22 Third victory
1996 Moses Tanui Kenya 2:09:15
1997 Lameck Aguta Kenya 2:10:34
1998 Moses Tanui Kenya 2:07:34 Second victory
1999 Joseph Chebet Kenya 2:09:52
2000 Elijah Lagat Kenya 2:09:47
2001 Lee Bong-ju South Korea 2:09:43
2002 Rodgers Rop Kenya 2:09:02
2003 Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot Kenya 2:10:11
2004 Timothy Cherigat Kenya 2:10:37
2005 Hailu Negussie Ethiopia 2:11:44
2006 Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot Kenya 2:07:14 Course record, second victory
2007 Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot Kenya 2:14:13 Third victory
2008 Robert Kipkoech Cheruiyot Kenya 2:07:45 Fourth victory
2009 Deriba Merga Ethiopia 2:08:42
2010 Robert Kiprono Cheruiyot Kenya 2:05:52 Course record
2011 Geoffrey Mutai Kenya 2:03:02 Current men's course record; world's fastest time[c]
2012 Wesley Korir Kenya 2:12:40
2013 Lelisa Desisa Ethiopia 2:10:22
2014 Meb Keflezighi United States 2:08:37
2015 Lelisa Desisa Ethiopia 2:09:17 Second victory
2016 Lemi Berhanu Hayle Ethiopia 2:12:45
2017 Geoffrey Kirui Kenya 2:09:37
2018 Yuki Kawauchi Japan 2:15:58
2019 Lawrence Cherono Kenya 2:07:57
2020 Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Women's open division

Bobbi Gibb
Bobbi Gibb, pictured in 2016, won the first three, unofficial, women's marathons.
Joan Benoit
Joan Benoit set a world record at the 1983 Boston Marathon.
Uta Pippig
Uta Pippig, pictured in 2019, won three consecutive Boston Marathons from 1994 to 1996.
Catherine Ndereba
Catherine Ndereba won the Boston Marathon four times between 2000 and 2005.
Winners: Women's open division[5][18]
Year Winner Country Time Notes
1966 Bobbi Gibb United States 3:21:40 Unofficial era, course record
1967 Bobbi Gibb United States 3:27:17 Unofficial era, second victory
1968 Bobbi Gibb United States 3:30:00 Unofficial era, third victory
1969 Sara Mae Berman United States 3:22:46 Unofficial era
1970 Sara Mae Berman United States 3:05:07 Unofficial era, course record, second victory
1971 Sara Mae Berman United States 3:08:30 Unofficial era, third victory
1972 Nina Kuscsik United States 3:10:26 First year that women were officially sanctioned, official course record
1973 Jacqueline Hansen United States 3:05:59 Official course record
1974 Miki Gorman United States 2:47:11 Course record
1975 Liane Winter West Germany 2:42:24 World record
1976 Kim Merritt United States 2:47:10
1977 Miki Gorman United States 2:48:33 Second victory
1978 Gayle Barron United States 2:44:52
1979 Joan Benoit United States 2:35:15 Course record
1980 Jacqueline Gareau Canada 2:34:28 Course record
1981 Allison Roe New Zealand 2:26:46 Course record
1982 Charlotte Teske West Germany 2:29:33
1983 Joan Benoit United States 2:22:43 World record, second victory
1984 Lorraine Moller New Zealand 2:29:28
1985 Lisa Larsen Weidenbach United States 2:34:06
1986 Ingrid Kristiansen Norway 2:24:55
1987 Rosa Mota Portugal 2:25:21
1988 Rosa Mota Portugal 2:24:30 Second victory
1989 Ingrid Kristiansen Norway 2:24:33 Second victory
1990 Rosa Mota Portugal 2:25:24 Third victory
1991 Wanda Panfil Poland 2:24:18
1992 Olga Markova Russia 2:23:43
1993 Olga Markova Russia 2:25:27 Second victory
1994 Uta Pippig Germany 2:21:45 Course record
1995 Uta Pippig Germany 2:25:11 Second victory
1996 Uta Pippig Germany 2:27:12 Third victory
1997 Fatuma Roba Ethiopia 2:26:23
1998 Fatuma Roba Ethiopia 2:23:21 Second victory
1999 Fatuma Roba Ethiopia 2:23:25 Third victory
2000 Catherine Ndereba Kenya 2:26:11
2001 Catherine Ndereba Kenya 2:23:53 Second victory
2002 Margaret Okayo Kenya 2:20:43 Course record
2003 Svetlana Zakharova Russia 2:25:19
2004 Catherine Ndereba Kenya 2:24:27 Third victory
2005 Catherine Ndereba Kenya 2:25:12 Fourth victory
2006 Rita Jeptoo Kenya 2:23:38
2007 Lidiya Grigoryeva Russia 2:29:18
2008 Dire Tune Ethiopia 2:25:25
2009 Salina Kosgei Kenya 2:32:16
2010 Teyba Erkesso Ethiopia 2:26:11
2011 Caroline Kilel Kenya 2:22:36
2012 Sharon Cherop Kenya 2:31:50
2013 Rita Jeptoo Kenya 2:26:25 Second victory
2014 Buzunesh Deba Ethiopia 2:19:59 Current course record;[19] Rita Jeptoo originally won the 2014 race, but was subsequently disqualified for taking performance-enhancing drugs.[20]
2015 Caroline Rotich Kenya 2:24:55
2016 Atsede Baysa Ethiopia 2:29:19
2017 Edna Kiplagat Kenya 2:21:52
2018 Desiree Linden United States 2:39:54
2019 Worknesh Degefa Ethiopia 2:23:31
2020 Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Men's wheelchair division

André Viger
André Viger won the men's wheelchair division three times between 1984 and 1987.
Heinz Frei
Heinz Frei's 1994 course record stood for ten years.
Franz Nietlispach
Franz Nietlispach won the race five times in six years.
Joshua Cassidy
Joshua Cassidy set a course record at the 2012 Boston Marathon.
Marcel Hug
Marcel Hug has won the race four times, and holds the current course record.
Winners: Men's wheelchair division[5][21]
Year Winner Country Time Notes
1975 Robert Hall United States 2:58:00 Course record
1976 No competitors
1977 Robert Hall United States 2:40:10 Course record, second victory
1978 George Murray United States 2:26:57 Not listed as a course record by BAA[d]
1979 Ken Archer United States 2:38:59 Not listed as a course record by BAA
1980 Curt Brinkman United States 1:55:00 Course record
1981 Jim Martinson United States 2:00:41
1982 Jim Knaub United States 1:51:31
1983 Jim Knaub United States 1:47:10 Course record, second victory
1984 André Viger Canada 2:05:20
1985 George Murray United States 1:45:34 Course record, second victory
1986 André Viger Canada 1:43:25 Course record, second victory
1987 André Viger Canada 1:55:42 Third victory
1988 Mustapha Badid France 1:43:19 Course record
1989 Philippe Couprie France 1:36:04 Course record
1990 Mustapha Badid France 1:29:53 Course record, second victory
1991 Jim Knaub United States 1:30:44 Third victory
1992 Jim Knaub United States 1:26:28 Course record, fourth victory
1993 Jim Knaub United States 1:22:17 Course record, fifth victory
1994 Heinz Frei Switzerland 1:21:23 Course record
1995 Franz Nietlispach Switzerland 1:25:59
1996 Heinz Frei Switzerland 1:30:14 Second victory
1997 Franz Nietlispach Switzerland 1:28:14 Second victory
1998 Franz Nietlispach Switzerland 1:21:52 Third victory
1999 Franz Nietlispach Switzerland 1:21:36 Fourth victory
2000 Franz Nietlispach Switzerland 1:33:32 Fifth victory
2001 Ernst van Dyk South Africa 1:25:12
2002 Ernst van Dyk South Africa 1:23:19 Second victory
2003 Ernst van Dyk South Africa 1:28:32 Third victory
2004 Ernst van Dyk South Africa 1:18:27 Course record, fourth victory
2005 Ernst van Dyk South Africa 1:24:11 Fifth victory
2006 Ernst van Dyk South Africa 1:25:29 Sixth victory
2007 Masazumi Soejima Japan 1:29:16
2008 Ernst van Dyk South Africa 1:26:49 Seventh victory
2009 Ernst van Dyk South Africa 1:33:29 Eighth victory
2010 Ernst van Dyk South Africa 1:26:53 Ninth victory
2011 Masazumi Soejima Japan 1:18:50 Second victory
2012 Joshua Cassidy Canada 1:18:25 Course record
2013 Hiroyuki Yamamoto Japan 1:25:33
2014 Ernst van Dyk South Africa 1:20:36 Tenth victory
2015 Marcel Hug Switzerland 1:29:53
2016 Marcel Hug Switzerland 1:24:01 Second victory
2017 Marcel Hug Switzerland 1:18:03 Current course record, third victory
2018 Marcel Hug Switzerland 1:46:26 Fourth victory
2019 Daniel Romanchuk United States 1:21:36
2020 Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Women's wheelchair division

Louise Sauvage
Louise Sauvage won the women's wheelchair division in three consecutive Boston Marathons, between 1997 and 1999.
Edith Hunkeler
Edith Hunkeler won the race twice, in 2002 and 2006.
Wakako Tsuchida
Wakako Tsuchida won the race in five consecutive years from 2007 to 2011.
Tatyana McFadden
Tatyana McFadden won the race five times between 2013 and 2018.
Manuela Schär
Manuela Schär holds the current course record, 1:28:17, set in 2017.
Winners: Women's wheelchair division[5][22]
Year Winner Country Time Notes
1977 Sharon Rahn United States 3:48:51 Course record
1978 Susan Shapiro United States 3:52:35
1979 Sheryl Bair United States 3:27:56 Course record
1980 Sharon Limpert United States 2:49:04 Not listed as a course record by BAA
1981 Candace Cable-Brookes United States 2:38:41 Not listed as a course record by BAA
1982 Candace Cable-Brookes United States 2:12:43 Course record, second victory
1983 Sherry Ramsey United States 2:27:07
1984 Sherry Ramsey United States 2:56:51 Second victory
1985 Candace Cable-Brookes United States 2:05:26 Course record, third victory
1986 Candace Cable-Brookes United States 2:09:28 Fourth victory
1987 Candace Cable-Brookes United States 2:19:55 Fifth victory
1988 Candace Cable-Brookes United States 2:10:44 Sixth victory
1989 Connie Hansen Denmark 1:50:06 Course record
1990 Jean Driscoll United States 1:43:17 Course record
1991 Jean Driscoll United States 1:42:42 Course record, second victory
1992 Jean Driscoll United States 1:36:52 Course record, third victory
1993 Jean Driscoll United States 1:34:50 Course record, fourth victory
1994 Jean Driscoll United States 1:34:22 Course record, fifth victory
1995 Jean Driscoll United States 1:40:42 Sixth victory
1996 Jean Driscoll United States 1:52:56 Seventh victory
1997 Louise Sauvage Australia 1:54:28
1998 Louise Sauvage Australia 1:41:19 Second victory
1999 Louise Sauvage Australia 1:42:23 Third victory
2000 Jean Driscoll United States 2:00:52 Eighth victory
2001 Louise Sauvage Australia 1:53:54 Fourth victory
2002 Edith Hunkeler Switzerland 1:45:57
2003 Christina Ripp United States 1:54:47
2004 Cheri Blauwet United States 1:39:53
2005 Cheri Blauwet United States 1:47:45 Second victory
2006 Edith Hunkeler Switzerland 1:43:42 Second victory
2007 Wakako Tsuchida Japan 1:53:30
2008 Wakako Tsuchida Japan 1:48:32 Second victory
2009 Wakako Tsuchida Japan 1:54:37 Third victory
2010 Wakako Tsuchida Japan 1:43:32 Fourth victory
2011 Wakako Tsuchida Japan 1:34:06 Course record, fifth victory
2012 Shirley Reilly United States 1:37:36
2013 Tatyana McFadden United States 1:45:25
2014 Tatyana McFadden United States 1:35:06 Second victory
2015 Tatyana McFadden United States 1:52:54 Third victory
2016 Tatyana McFadden United States 1:42:16 Fourth victory
2017 Manuela Schär Switzerland 1:28:17 Current course record[23]
2018 Tatyana McFadden United States 2:04:39 Fifth victory
2019 Manuela Schär Switzerland 1:34:19 Second victory
2020 Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Men's handcycle division

Winners: Men's handcycle division
Year Winner Country Time Notes Refs
2017 Tom Davis United States 0:58:36 [24]
2018 Tom Davis United States 1:18:41 Second victory [25]
2019 Tom Davis United States 1:01:22 Third victory [26]
2020 Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Women's handcycle division

Winners: Women's handcycle division
Year Winner Country Time Notes Refs
2017 Michelle Love United States 1:46:55 Only female handcyclist finisher [24]
2018 Alicia Dana United States 1:40:22 [25]
2019 Devann Murphy United States 2:01:02 [26]
2020 Canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Victories by nationality

Victories by nationality
Country Open division Wheelchair division Handcycle division Total
Men's Women's Men's Women's Men's Women's
United States 44 16 13 29 3 3 108
Kenya 22 12 0 0 0 0 34
Canada 16 1 4 0 0 0 21
Japan 9 0 3 5 0 0 17
Switzerland 0 0 11 4 0 0 15
Ethiopia 6 8 0 0 0 0 14
South Africa 0 0 10 0 0 0 10
Finland 7 0 0 0 0 0 7
Germany[e] 1 5 0 0 0 0 6
Australia 1 0 0 4 0 0 5
Russia 0 4 0 0 0 0 4
France 0 0 3 0 0 0 3
New Zealand 1 2 0 0 0 0 3
Portugal 0 3 0 0 0 0 3
South Korea 3 0 0 0 0 0 3
United Kingdom 3 0 0 0 0 0 3
Belgium 2 0 0 0 0 0 2
Greece 2 0 0 0 0 0 2
Norway 0 2 0 0 0 0 2
Colombia 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
Denmark 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Guatemala 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
Ireland 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
Italy 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
Poland 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Sweden 1 0 0 0 0 0 1
Yugoslavia 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ World records for road races set before 2004 were retrospectively recognised by the IAAF (now World Athletics), and were not officially recognised before that time.[9]
  2. ^ Since 1990, the Boston Marathon has been ineligible for world records, as the start and finish are too far away from each other, and the race is a net downhill.[16]
  3. ^ Geoffrey Mutai's winning time in 2011 of 2:03:02 beat the world record by 57 seconds, making it the fastest marathon time recorded at the time.[15] It remained the fastest time until Dennis Kimetto set an official world record of 2:02:57 at the 2014 Berlin Marathon.[17]
  4. ^ Wheelchair racers set off 15 minutes ahead of the other participants.
  5. ^ Germany's victory total includes two victories by West German athletes.

Citations

  1. ^ a b Ashlock, Alex (May 29, 2020). "4 Things To Know About The Cancellation Of The Boston Marathon". WBUR-FM. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  2. ^ "Boston Marathon is the oldest in the world". Daily Telegraph. April 15, 2013. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e "History of the Boston Marathon". Boston Athletic Association. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  4. ^ a b "Boston Marathon History: Course Records". Boston Athletic Association. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "Champions of the Boston Marathon". Boston Athletic Association. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
  6. ^ Huebsch, Time (April 18, 2016). "Boston Marathon celebrates 50 years of female participation". Canadian Running Magazine. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  7. ^ Connelly, Michael (2014). 26.2 Miles to Boston: A Journey into the Heart of the Boston Marathon. Guilford, Connecticut: Lyons Press. p. 100. ISBN 978-0-7627-9635-9.
  8. ^ "B.A.A. to Implement Changes to Boston Marathon Handcycle Program". Boston Athletic Association. Retrieved June 27, 2020.
  9. ^ a b Butler, Mark, ed. (2011). 13th IAAF World Championships in Athletics – IAAF Statistics Handbook – Daegu 2011 (PDF). IAAF Media & Public Relations Department. pp. 612, 614, 707. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  10. ^ a b Powers, John (April 13, 2012). "Famous record-setting marathon runs". Boston Globe. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
  11. ^ a b Broadbent, Rick (2016). Endurance: The Extraordinary Life and Times of Emil Zátopek. London: Bloomsbury. p. 211. ISBN 978-1-4729-2022-5.
  12. ^ a b Benyo, Richard; Henderson, Joe (2002). Running Encyclopedia. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-7360-3734-1.
  13. ^ Peters, Gil (April 22, 1975). "New Marathon mark". The Bryan Times. UPI. p. 12. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
  14. ^ Bird, Hayden (March 18, 2019). "Why a world record set in the Boston Marathon wouldn't officially count". Boston Globe. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  15. ^ a b May, Peter (April 18, 2011). "Kenyan Runs Fastest Marathon in Boston". The New York Times. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
  16. ^ Bird, Hayden (March 18, 2019). "Why a world record set in the Boston Marathon wouldn't officially count". Boston Globe. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  17. ^ Fahey, Ciaran (September 28, 2014). "Dennis Kimetto sets new world record at Berlin Marathon beating Wilson Kipsang by 16 seconds". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved July 24, 2020.
  18. ^ "Boston Marathon History: Course Records". Boston Athletic Association. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  19. ^ Yang, Nicole (April 13, 2017). "These Boston Marathon course records are waiting to be broken". Boston Globe Media Partners. Retrieved April 17, 2019.
  20. ^ "IAAF Appeal Upheld – Rita Jeptoo Suspended for Four Years by The Court of Arbitration For Sport" (PDF). www.tas-cas.org. Retrieved April 13, 2017.
  21. ^ "Boston Marathon History: Course Records". Boston Athletic Association. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  22. ^ "Boston Marathon History: Course Records". Boston Athletic Association. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
  23. ^ Rich Tenorio (April 12, 2018). "Manuela Schar Is Ready To Defend Her Boston Title And World Record". Women's Running. Retrieved April 17, 2018.
  24. ^ a b "2017 Boston Marathon Top Finishers". Boston Athletic Association. Retrieved June 27, 2020.
  25. ^ a b "2018 Boston Marathon Top Finishers". Boston Athletic Association. Retrieved June 27, 2020.
  26. ^ a b "2019 Boston Marathon Top Finishers". Boston Athletic Association. Retrieved June 27, 2020.


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