This is a list of the oldest surviving buildings and structures of significance in each province and territory of Canada.
Alberta
First Nations peoples in Alberta were generally nomadic and did not create permanent structures, however they did often occupy the same site annually for many generations, and created permanent markers in the form of tipi rings and medicine wheels. The first Europeans to build in Alberta were the fur traders of the North West Company who constructed the first trading posts in Alberta at Fort Chipewyan and Fort Vermilion in 1788. Few buildings from the fur trade era remain.
There is said to be 25 buildings built prior to 1882 still surviving in Alberta. Most buildings considered "historic" in Alberta are from the post-railway era (e.g. after 1885 in Calgary, after 1891 in Edmonton).
The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Alberta constructed prior to 1900.
| Building or complex | Built | Location | Architect |
|---|---|---|---|
| Father Lacombe Chapel | 1861[1] | St. Albert | Fr. Albert Lacombe |
| Clerk's Quarters | 1865[2] | Fort Victoria | George Flett |
| Rocky Mountain House Chimneys | 1868[3] | Rocky Mountain House | Hudson's Bay Company |
| Hunt House | 1876[4] | Calgary | Hudson's Bay Company |
| C.O. Card House | 1887[5] | Cardston | |
| Banff Springs Hotel | 1888 | Banff | Canadian Pacific Railway |
| Lougheed House | 1891 | Calgary | James & Isabella Lougheed |
| Ralph Connor Church | 1891[6] | Canmore | |
| John Walter house | 1875[7] | Edmonton | |
| Lac La Biche Convent | 1894[8] | Lac La Biche | Oblates of Mary Immaculate |
| Roland Michener House | 1894[9] | Lacombe | |
| Union Bank | 1899[10] | Fort Macleod | David Grier |
British Columbia
The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in British Columbia constructed prior to 1900.
| Building | Height [m] | Floors | Built | City | Architect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fort Langley storehouse[11] | 1 | 1840s[12] | Fort Langley | ||
| Fort Kamloops log cabin | 1840s | Kamloops | |||
| St. Ann's schoolhouse | 1844 | Victoria | |||
| Tod House | 1851 | Oak Bay | |||
| Helmcken House | 1852 | Victoria | |||
| Craigflower Manor[13] | 2 | 1853 | Victoria | Hudson's Bay Company | |
| The Bastion | 3 | 1853-55 | Nanaimo | Hudson's Bay Company | |
| St. John the Divine Church | 1859 | Maple Ridge[14][15] | |||
| Father Pandosy Mission[16] | 1859 | Kelowna | |||
| Dodd House | 1859 | Saanich | |||
| Fisgard Lighthouse | 1860 | Victoria | |||
| Race Rocks Lighthouse | 1860 | Great Race Rock |
Manitoba
The following is a list of buildings and structures in Manitoba constructed prior to 1900.
| Building | Height [m] | Floors | Built | City | Architect | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prince of Wales Fort | 1731-41 | near Churchill | Royal Engineers | ) | ||
| Fort Gibraltar | 1809-1810 | Winnipeg, Manitoba | North West Company | |||
| St Boniface Cathedral | 1818 | Winnipeg, Manitoba | Hudson’s Bay Company | |||
| Lower Fort Garry | 1831 to 1848 | near Selkirk, Manitoba | Hudson's Bay Company | .JPG')) | ||
| Big House, (Lower Fort Garry) | 1832 | near Selkirk, Manitoba Hudson's Bay Company | ) | |||
| The Archway Warehouse | 1840-1841 | Norway House | ||||
| St Andrews on the Red[17] | 1 | 1845-1849 | RM of St Andrews | .JPG')) | ||
| Grey Nuns' Convent (Le Musée de Saint-Boniface Museum)[18] | 2 | 1845-1851 | St. Boniface (Winnipeg) | ) | ||
| Seven Oaks House Museum[19] | 2 | 1851 | Winnipeg | John Inkster | ) | |
| Ross House Museum | 2 | 1852 | Winnipeg | ) | ||
| Old St. James Anglican Church[20] | 1853 | Winnipeg, Manitoba | ||||
| St. Peter Dynevor Anglican Church[21] | 1853 | R. M. St. Clements | ||||
| Upper Fort Garry Gate | 1853 | Winnipeg | ) | |||
| Kildonan Presbyterian Church[22] | 1854 | Winnipeg, Manitoba | ) | |||
| St. Andrews Rectory[23] | 2 | 1854 | RM of St Andrews | ) | ||
| Brown House[24] | 1856 | Winnipeg, Manitoba | ||||
| Delorme house | 1857 | Winnipeg, Manitoba]] | ||||
| Miss Davis’ School / Twin Oaks | 2 | 1858 | R.M. of St. Andrews | ) | ||
| St. Peter's Dynevor Anglican Church Rectory | 2 | 1860 | R.M. of St. Andrews | |||
| St. Clement's Anglican Church[25] | 1861 | RM of St. Andrews | ) | |||
| Barber House[26] | 2 | 1862 | Winnipeg | |||
| Bunn House | 1862 | Selkirk | ||||
| St. Anne's Anglican Church[27] | 1862-1864 | RM of Portage la Prairie | ||||
| Archbishop of St. Boniface residence[28] | 2 | 1864 | Winnipeg | |||
| Kildonan School[29] | 1865 | Winnipeg | ) | |||
| Captain William Kennedy House | 1866 | St. Andrews, Manitoba | ) | |||
| Christ Anglican Church | 1868-1870 | Fort Alexander, Powerview, Manitoba, | ||||
| Inkster House[30] | 1874 | Winnipeg | ) | |||
| Little Britain United Church[31] | 1874 (est. 1852) | R.M. of St. Andrews | ||||
| Chartier House | 1877 | Morris | Flavien Chartier | |||
| Kittson House | 1878 | Winnipeg | ) | |||
| Louis Riel House | 2 | 1880-1881 | St. Vital, Winnipeg | ) | ||
| Vaughan Street Gaol[32] | 1881 | Winnipeg | ||||
| T.W Taylor Building | 1882 | Winnipeg | ||||
| Sures Building | 1882 | Winnipeg | ||||
| Bernier house[33] | 2 | 1882 | Winnipeg | ) | ||
| Telegram Building[34] | 4 | 1882 | Winnipeg | .jpg')) | ||
| Bathgate Block | 3 | 1882-1883 | Winnipeg | |||
| Macdonald Block[35] | 3 | 1882-1883 | Winnipeg | |||
| Fortune Block[36] | 3 | 1882-1883 | Winnipeg | .jpg')) | ||
| Lyon Block/Bate Building[37] | 2 | 1883 | Winnipeg | .jpg')) | ||
| Daly House | 2 | 1883 | Brandon | ) | ||
| Deloraine Presbyterian Church | 1883 | Deloraine, Manitoba | ) | |||
| Smart Bag Company Building | 1884-1913 | Winnipeg | ||||
| Government House | 1883 | Winnipeg | ) | |||
| Brandon Court House[38] | 1884 | Brandon | ) | |||
| Holy Trinity Anglican Church[39] | 1 | 1884 | Winnipeg | Charles Wheeler | ) | |
| Neepawa County Courthouse | 3 | 1884 | Neepawa | C. Osborn Wikenden | ) | |
| Fraser Block | 1890 | Brandon | ) | |||
| Lorne Terrace | 1892 | Brandon | ) | |||
| Utility Building | 4 | 1892 | Winnipeg | ) | ||
| Paterson-Matheson House | 2 | 1893, with 1904 addition | Brandon | ) | ||
| Peck Building | 6 | 1893 | Winnipeg | ) | ||
| Stovel Block | 4 | 1893 | Winnipeg, Manitoba | ) | ||
| St. Pauls United Church[40] | 1893 | Boissevain, Manitoba | ) | |||
| Margaret Laurence House | 2 | 1894 | Neepawa, Manitoba | ) | ||
| Penrose House | 1894 | Winnipeg | ||||
| Saint-Léon Roman Catholic Church | 2 | 1894 | Saint-Léon | |||
| DALNAVERT NATIONAL HISTORIC SITE | 2 | 1895 | Winnipeg, Manitoba | ) | ||
| Ashdown Warehouse | 1895-1911 | Winnipeg | ||||
| Masonic Temple | 3 | 1895 | Winnipeg, Manitoba | ) | ||
| Public Building | 2 | 1895-1898 | Portage la Prairie | ) | ||
| Wesley Hall[41] | 1895 | Winnipeg | ) | |||
| H. P. Tergesen General Store | 1 | 1898 | Gimli | |||
| Vendome Hotel | 4 | 1898 | Winnipeg | Henry S. Griffiths | ||
| Old St. Michael's Ukrainian Orthodox Church | 1898-1899 | RM Stuartburn(Oldest surviving Ukrainian church in Canada) | .jpg')) | |||
| Isbister School | 2 | 1899 | Winnipeg | ) | ||
| Donald H Bain building | 1899 | Winnipeg | ||||
| McClary Building | 1899-1912 | Winnipeg |
New Brunswick
Before 1784, New Brunswick was part of the colony of Nova Scotia and the majority of the population was aboriginal. The native populations of the land that is now New Brunswick were a nomadic people and thus there are few remains of their settlements. However, in 1784 New Brunswick became its own colony due to an increasingly non-aboriginal population. The area was mostly forest until United Empire Loyalists started to arrive, and European-style buildings were not constructed for the most part until after their arrival. Many Acadian homes and settlements were destroyed by the British during the expulsion of the Acadians known as the Great Expulsion from 1755 to 1763. Acadians were a people of French descent who lived in New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Nova Scotia for over a century before the British took over the lands that were New France. After the expulsion there was a short wave of settlement by a peoples known as the New England Planters. They were a small group without a lot of remaining architecture.
The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in New Brunswick constructed prior to 1890.
| Building | Height [m] | Floors | Built | City | Architect | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treitz Haus | 2½ | 1769 | Moncton | The eastern section of the building was completed in 1769 with the second addition completed in the 1820s. | ||
| John Dunn House | 3 | 1784 | St. Andrews | John Dunn | Significant in that it was possibly the first house built in Saint Andrews taller than two floors. A United Empire Loyalist, Dunn brought most of the materials to build the house with him from New York in 1784. | |
| Odell House, Fredericton | 3 | 1785 | Fredericton | The oldest building in Fredericton, O'Dell House was built by Jonathan O'Dell. Much of the 18th century interior of the house remains intact, including the jail cells in the basement which were used as a prison for deserters. | ||
| Smyth House | 1½ | 1787 | Fredericton | This house is an excellent example of loyalist construction in late 18th-century New Brunswick. It was built out of necessity and with the available material: wood. | ||
| Reverend Samuel Andrews House | 1½ | 1790 | Ministers Island | |||
| Steeves House Museum[42] | 2 | 1812 | Hillsborough | |||
| St. Andrews Blockhouse | 1813 | St. Andrews | One of three that once guarded St. Andrews. However, it never saw battle. | |||
| Carleton Martello Tower | 2 | 1815 | Saint John | |||
| Loyalist House | 2½ | 1810-1817 | Saint John | David Daniel Merrit | ||
| Free Meeting House | 1 | 1821 | Moncton | Constructed as a meeting place for all denominations as a place of worship until churches could be built for their respective use. | ||
| Williston House | 2 | 1824 | Miramichi | Andrew Currie | The oldest building in the Miramichi area. | |
| St. John's Anglican (Stone) Church | 1825 | Saint John | ||||
| Government House, Fredericton | 1826-1828 | Fredericton | James Woolford | Built after the former Lieutenant-Governors mansion burned to the ground in 1825. | ||
| Sir Howard Douglas Hall, University of New Brunswick | 1826-27 | Fredericton | James Woolford | Also known as "the Old Arts Building", it is the oldest building still officially in use by a university in Canada. It was designed by the same architect as Government House. The third floor was added to accommodate more staff and students in 1876-77. | ||
| Saint John County Court House | 3 | 1829 | Saint John | John Cunningham | Inside the courthouse is a free-standing spiral stairway, one of the largest in the country. | |
| Charles Connell House | 2½ | 1839 | Woodstock | |||
| Christ Church Cathedral | 60 | 1853 | Fredericton | Frank Wills | ||
| Fredericton City Hall | 47 | 4 | 1875-76 | Fredericton | McKean & Fairweather | |
| Bank of New Brunswick (building) | 2 | 1879 | Saint John | Henry F. Starbuck | This building is intended to represent not only itself but the dozens of other buildings destroyed overnight by The Great Fire of Saint John, New Brunswick in 1877. Built on Prince William Street, the Bank of New Brunswick building is encompassed by blocks of other buildings constructed by several other architects between 1877 and 1881 in the area known today as the Trinity Royal Heritage Conservation Area. | |
| New Brunswick Legislature | 41 | 4 | 1882 | Fredericton | J.C. Dumaresq | Constructed with stone after the first, built of wood, was destroyed by fire in 1880. Also of note on the Parliament Square site is the Old Education Building constructed in 1816 of stone with two more floors added in 1869. The Departmental building was completed in 1888. |
| Marysville Cotton Mill | 4 | 1883-85 | Fredericton | Greene and Company Mill Architects and Engineers | The imposing, four-storey, red-brick cotton mill building features a flat-roofed central tower, and numerous multi-pane mullion windows. It was Canada's second largest cotton mill at the time. The mill opened in the spring of 1885, with full production being reached in November 1889. It now sits rehabilitated to serve as government offices.[43] |
Newfoundland and Labrador
The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Newfoundland and Labrador constructed prior to 1860.
| Building | Height [m] | Floors | Built | City | Architect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anderson House | 1805 | St. John's | James Anderson | ||
| Government House | 1831 | St. John's | |||
| Hebron Moravian Mission | 1830s | Hebron | |||
| Alexander House | 1835 | Bonavista | |||
| Cathedral of St. John the Baptist | 24 | 1847 | St. John's | George Gilbert Scott | |
| Bank of British North America Building | 1849 | St. John's | William Howe Greene | ||
| Colonial Building | 1850 | St. John's | James Purcell | ||
| Church of St. James the Apostle | 1852 | Battle Harbour | William Grey | ||
| Basilica of St. John The Baptist | 48 | 1855 | St. John's | J.P. Jones | |
| Point Amour lighthouse | 32 | 1854-1857 | Point Amour | Charles François Xavier Baby | |
| Saint Bonaventure's College | 1858 | St. John's |
Northwest Territories
| Building | Height [m] | Floors | Built | City | Architect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Wildcat Cafe | 1 | 1937 | Yellowknife |
Nova Scotia
The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Nova Scotia constructed prior to 1830.
| Building | Built | City | Architect | Notes | Image | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fort Anne | 1702 -1708[44] | Annapolis Royal | Remnants of the French fort were incorporated into the English structure. The magazine was built in 1708. | ) | ||
| deGannes-Cosby House | 1708[45] | Annapolis Royal | Rebuilt following a fire in 1707. Original structure dated to 1693. | |||
| Adams-Ritchie House | 1712[45] | Annapolis Royal | ) | |||
| Williams House | 1715[46] | Annapolis Royal | ||||
| Fort Edward Blockhouse | 1750[47] | Windsor | The Blockhouse was erected in 1750 as part of the Fort Edward complex. An Acadian church was torn down to make way for the Fort. Most of the other buildings (Barracks, etc.) were lost to a fire in 1922. | ) | ||
| St. Paul's Church | 1750 | Halifax | ) | |||
| The Little Dutch Church | 1756 | Halifax | The structure dates to the early 1750s. The building was moved to its present location, consecrated, and saw the addition of a steeple in 1756. It remains the second-oldest surviving building in Halifax after St. Paul's Church. | ) | ||
| Sinclair Inn | 1710, 1712 & 1781 [48] | Annapolis Royal | The main structure known as the Sinclair Inn dates to 1781. The building incorporates within its structure two earlier French period buildings - the Soullard (1710) and Skene (1712) houses. The dates have been verified by dendrochronology. | ) | ||
| Sambro Island Light | 1758 | Halifax | Oldest surviving lighthouse in North America | .jpg')) | ||
| St. John's Anglican Church | 1763 | Lunenburg | ) | |||
| Morris House | 1764 | Halifax | ||||
| Goodwin House | 1765[49] | Habitant | ||||
| North Hills Museum (Amberman House)[50] | 1765 | Granville Ferry | ) | |||
| Old Barrington Meeting House | 1765 | Barrington Head | Wood frame building erected by settlers from New England; one of the oldest surviving buildings in English-speaking Canada, and a good example of a New England-style colonial meeting house | ) | ||
| Simeon Perkins House, | 1767 | Liverpool, Nova Scotia | ) | |||
| Jeremiah Calkin House | 1768[51] | Gand Pre | ) | |||
| Bailey House | 1770[52] | Annapolis Royal | ) | |||
| Scott Manor House | 1770 | Halifax (Bedford) | ) | |||
| Bonnett House | 1773[53] | Annapolis Royal | ) | |||
| Kent Lodge | 1775 | Wolfville | ) | |||
| Solomon House | 1775 | Lunenburg | ) | |||
| Planters Barracks | 1778[54] | Starrs Point | ) | |||
| Stewart House | 1779[55] | Grand Pre | ){kind=small} | |||
| Quaker Whaler House | 1785 | Dartmouth | ) | |||
| Ross-Thomson House & Store | 1785 | Shelburne, Nova Scotia | ) | |||
| Jost House | 1786 | Sydney, Nova Scotia | ) | |||
| Randall House | 1786[56] | Wolfville | ) | |||
| Cossit House | 1787 | Sydney, Nova Scotia | ) | |||
| Bailly House[57] | 1790 | Lunenburg, Nova Scotia | ) | |||
| Christ Church Anglican Church(originally St. Paul),[58] | 1790 | Karsdale, Nova Scotia | ||||
| St. Mary's Anglican Church (Auburn, Nova Scotia) | 1790 | Auburn | ) | |||
| Old Holy Trinity Anglican Church | 1791 | Middleton | ||||
| St. George's Anglican Church[59] | 1791 | Sydney | .jpg')) | |||
| Borden House | 1791 | Grand Pre | Boyhood home of Sir Robert Borden, Prime Minister of Canada, 1911-1920 | ) | ||
| Centenary United Church[60] (Originally Methodist) | 1792 | Upper Granville, Nova Scotia | ||||
| Knaut-Rhuland House | 1793[61] | Lunenburg | ) | |||
| Prince's Lodge (Music Room) | 1794 | Halifax | ) | |||
| Saint Edward's Anglican Church | 1795[62] | Clementsport | ||||
| Mills Homestead | 1795 | Granville Ferry | Robert Mills emigrated from Yorkshire, England and built the house in 1795 or 1796. Although extensively altered, the core of the house is still original. The building has a view of Fort Anne, Annapolis Royal across the Annapolis Basin. | |||
| Prince of Wales Tower | 1797 | Halifax | Oldest Martello Tower in North America | ) | ||
| Samuel Greenwood House | 1797 | Dartmouth | ) | |||
| Fort Anne Officers' Quarters | 1798[63] | Annapolis Royal | ) | |||
| St. George's (Round) Church | 1800 | Halifax | ) | |||
| DeWolfe House | 1801 | Wolfville, Nova Scotia | ) | |||
| Halifax Town Clock | 1803 | Halifax | ) | |||
| Argyle Township Court House and Jail | 1805 | Tusket | Canada's Oldest Standing Wooden Court House | ) | ||
| Government House | 1805 | Halifax | ) | |||
| Acacia Grove/Prescott House | 1809[64] | Port Williams | ) | |||
| Covenanter Church | 1811 | Grand Pre | ) | |||
| Uniacke House | 1815 | Mount Uniacke | ) | |||
| Admiralty House | 1819 | Halifax | ) | |||
| Province House | 1819 | Halifax | .jpg')) | |||
| St. Mary's Basilica | 1829 | Halifax | ) |
Ontario
The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Ontario constructed prior to 1830, excluding the cities of Markham, Toronto, and the Kitchener-Waterloo area.
| Building | Floors | Built | City | Architect | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peter Secord House[65] | 1782 | Niagara-on-the-Lake (St. Davids) | |||
| Peter Secord Grist Mill[66] | 1782-1783 | Niagara-on-the-Lake (St. Davids) | |||
| Mohawk Chapel | 1785 | Brantford | ) | ||
| Hawley House | 1785 | Bath | |||
| Secord ~ Paxton House[67] | 1785-1790 | Niagara-on-the-Lake (St. Davids) | |||
| Joseph Clement House[68] | 1786 | Niagara on the Lake (St. Davids) | |||
| Daniel Reynolds House[69] | 1786 | Wellington | |||
| Nelles-Fitch House | 1791 (rear portion is from 1787)[70] | Grimsby | |||
| Lake Lodge | 1792 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | |||
| Meyer's Mill[71] | 1792 | Belleville | ) | ||
| Queen's Rangers' Cabin[72] | 1792 | Hamilton (Flamborough) | ) | ||
| Sir John Johnson House[73] | 1792 (oldest part) | Williamstown, Ontario | ) | ||
| Old Hay Bay Church[74] | 2 | 1792 | Adolphustown | ) | |
| Fairfield House[75] | 1793 | Bath | |||
| De Puisaye House[76] | 1794 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ) | ||
| Bajus Brewery | 1794-1795 | Kingston | |||
| Fairfield-Gutzeit House | 1796 | Bath | |||
| Brown-Jouppien House[77] | 1796 back/1802 front | St. Catharines | ) | ||
| Park House Museum | 1796 | Amherstburg | |||
| Whirlpool House[78] | 1796 | Niagara Falls | ) | ||
| Powder Magazine (Fort George)[79] | 1796 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ) | ||
| Battlefield House | 2 | 1796 | Hamilton (Stoney Creek) | ) | |
| Backhouse Mill | 2 | 1798 | Norfolk County | ) | |
| Nelles Manor[80] | 2 | 1798 | Grimsby | ||
| Gordon House[81] | 2 | 1798 | Amherstburg | ) | |
| Duff Baby House | 2 | 1798 | Windsor | ) | |
| Buchner House[82] | 1 | 1799 | Niagara Falls | ||
| Elias Smith House[83] | 1 | 1799 | Port Hope | ||
| Johns Common School | 1 | 1799 | St. Johns (Thorold), Ontario | .jpg')) | |
| Homewood[84] | 2 | 1799-1800 | Augusta | ) | |
| Field House[85] | 2 | 1800 or 1799[86] | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ||
| McFarland House[87] | 2 | 1800 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ||
| Nelles Merchant Shop[88] | 2 | 1800 | Grimsby | ||
| Old Stone Shop[89] | 1 | 1800 | Grimsby | ||
| Westfield Trading Post[90] | 1801 | Hamilton (Flamborough) | |||
| Fort George | 1802 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ) | ||
| Old St. Andrews Roman Catholic Church[91] (now used as parish hall) | 1 | 1802 | St. Andrews | ) | |
| Cline House[92] | 1 | 1803 | Grimsby | ||
| Laura Secord House | 1 | 1803 | Niagara-on-the-Lake (Queenston) | ) | |
| Richard Hatt Building[93] | 1 | 1804 | Hamilton (Dundas) | ||
| Bethune-Thompson House | 1 | 1805 (incorporates cabin from 1784[94]) | Williamstown | ) | |
| Clement House[95] | 2 | 1805 | Niagara-on-the-Lake (St. Davids) | ||
| Danner House[96] | 2 | 1805 | Niagara Falls | ||
| McGregor-Cowan House[97] | 2 | 1805 | Windsor | ) | |
| Mitchell Cottage[98] | 1 | 1805 | [[Niagara Falls, Ontario|Niagara Falls]] || || | ||
| Glenora (Peter Van Alstine) Mill[99] | 3 | 1806 | Glenora, Ontario | ||
| Tisdale House[100] | 2 | 1806 | Hamilton (Ancaster) | ||
| Fort Erie (completed) | 1808 | Fort Erie | ) | ||
| Hamilton-Kormos House[101] | 2 | 1808 | Niagara-on-the-Lake (Queenston) | ||
| Rochleau House | 3 | 1808 | Kingston | ||
| Ball's Grist Mill[102] | 2 | 1809 | Jordan | ||
| Dalziel Barn | 3 | 1809 | Vaughan | ||
| Powell-Wisch House[103] | 3 | 1809/1818 | Niagara on the Lake, | ) | |
| St. Mark's Anglican Church[104] | 3 | 1809 (founded 1791) | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ) | |
| White Chapel[105] | 2 | 1809 | Picton | ) | |
| Upper House | 2 | 1809 | Thorold (Allanburg) | ||
| Bamberger House | 2 | 1810 | Hamilton (Flamborough) | Samuel Bamberger | |
| Church House[106] | 2 | 1810 | Niagara Falls | ) | |
| Corman House[107] | 2 | 1810 | Hamilton (Stoney Creek) | ||
| Maison de l'île | 1810 | Hawkesbury, Ontario | ) | ||
| Morden House | 1810 | Hamilton (Dundas) | |||
| Prescott Barracks[108] | 1810 | Prescott, Ontario | ) | ||
| Springdale | 2 | 1810 | Hamilton (Flamborough) | Hector McKay | |
| Delta Mill[109] | 2 | 1810 | Delta | ) | |
| Westbrook House | 2 | 1810 | Hamilton (Flamborough) | Haggai Westbrook | |
| Cherry Hill House[110] | 2 | 1811 (Stone wing) / 1822 | Mississauga | ) | |
| John Bogart House[111] | 2 | 1811 | Newmarket | ) | |
| St. Paul's Anglican Church (Originally Baptist)[112] | 1811 | Delta | ) | ||
| 232 King Street, East[113] | 1 ½ | 1812 | Kingston | ) | |
| St. Andrew's United Church (originally Presbyterian)[114] | 1812 (founded 1787) | Williamstown | |||
| François Baby House | 2 | 1812 | Windsor | ) | |
| Lawson House[115] | 2 | 1812 | Fort Erie | ||
| Lynde House | 1812 | Whitby | |||
| Pierre Belleperche House[116] | 1812 | Windsor | |||
| Erb-Kumpf House[117] | 2 | c. 1812 | Waterloo | ||
| Ermatinger Old Stone House[118] | 1812-1814 | Sault Ste. Marie | ) | ||
| "The Barracks"[119] | 1812-1814 | Cobourg | ) | ||
| Commandant residence Royal Military College of Canada[120] | 1813 | Kingston, Ontario | ){kind=small} | ||
| John Snider House[121] | 1813 | Colchester | |||
| Fort Mississauga[122] | 1814 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ) | ||
| Log Chapel[123] | 1814 | Hamilton (Flamborough) | |||
| Butler House[124] | 1815 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | |||
| Jacob Fry House[125] | 2 | 1815 | Jordan | ||
| Kerr-Wooll House (Demeath)[126] | 2 | 1815 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ||
| Old Post Inn[127] | 2 | 1815 | Ajax | ||
| The Olde Angel Inn | 1815 (Circa 1789) | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ) | ||
| William Woodruff House[67] | 1815 | Niagara-on-the-Lake (St. Davids) | ) | ||
| Woodruff-Rigby House[67] | 1815 | Niagara-on-the-Lake (St. Davids) | |||
| Inverarden[128] | 1816 | Cornwall | ) | ||
| Belleview | 2 | 1816 | Amherstburg | ) | |
| Niagara Masonic Hall[129] | 2 | 1816 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ) | |
| Vanderlip House[124] | 2 | 1816 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ||
| Ham House | 2 | 1816 | Bath |
| |
| Harmony Hall[130] | 2 | 1816 | Hamilton (Ancaster) | ||
| Wilson-Kent House[131] | 2 | 1816 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ||
| Glasgow/Smyth Building[132] | 2 | 1817 | Prescott, Ontario | ) | |
| Heintzman House[133] | 2 | 1817 (central part) | Thornhill, Ontario | ) | |
| Lockhart-Moogk House (Storington) | 2 | 1817 | Niagara on the Lake | ) | |
| Macdonell-Williamson House | 2 | 1817 | East Hawkesbury | ) | |
| Rogers House[134] | 3 | 1817 (on foundation from 1792) | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ) | |
| Butlers Barracks | 2 | 1817 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ) | |
| Annette Twining House[135] | 2 | 1818 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ) | |
| Nash-Jackson House[136] | 2 | 1818 | Hamilton (Stoney Creek) | ) | |
| Thames River Lighthouse[137] | 1818 | Essex County | .jpg')) | ||
| Christ Church[138] | 1819 | Amherstburg, Ontario | _Andrea_44.jpg')) | ||
| Clergue Blockhouse (stone part) | 2 | 1819 | Sault Ste Marie | ) | |
| Barnum House | 2 | 1819 | Grafton | ) | |
| Ebenezer Doan House | 2 | 1819 | East Gwillimbury | ) | |
| Avondbloem[139] | 2 | 1820 | Williamsburg, Ontario | ) | |
| Brick Barracks, Fort Malden[140] | 1 | 1820 | Amherstburg | ) | |
| Commercial Building | 2 | 1820[141] | Grafton, Ontario | ) | |
| D'Aubigny Inn[142] | 1820 | Hamilton (Flamborough) | |||
| Joseph A. Keeler House[143] | 2 | 1820 | Colborne | ||
| McDougal-Harrison House[144] | 2 | 1820 | Niagara on the Lake, Ontario | ) | |
| Niagara Apothecary[145] | 1820 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | ) | ||
| Prince George Hotel[146] | 2 | 1820 | Kingston, Ontario | .JPG')) | |
| Stone frigate[147] | 3 | 1820 | Kingston, Ontario | .jpg')) | |
| Duldraeggan Hall[148] | 2 | 1821 | L'Orignal, Ontario | ) | |
| Former Poulin-Clément Store[149] | 2 | 1821 | L'Orignal, Ontario | ) | |
| Furry Tavern[150] | 2 | 1821 | Lowbanks | ||
| Montreal House | 2 | 1821 | Mississauga (Streetsville) | ) | |
| Grover House[151] | 2 | 1822 | Grafton, Ontario | ) | |
| St. James Anglican Church | 2 | 1822 | Beckwith (Franktown) | ||
| St Mark's Anglican Church[152] | 1822 | Port Hope | ) | ||
| St. Thomas Church | 1822 | St. Thomas | ) | ||
| American House | 1824 | Waterdown, Ontario | ) | ||
| John Moore House | 2 | 1824 | Sparta, Ontario | ) | |
| Inge-Va[153] | 1824 | Perth | ) | ||
| Locust Hall[67] | 2 | 1824 | Niagara-on-the-Lake (St. Davids) | ||
| L'Orignal Court House and Jail | 2 | 1825 | L'Orignal | ) | |
| Customs House[154] | 2 | 1825 | Niagara-on-the-Lake | .jpg')) | |
| Robert Shuter House | 2 | 1825 | Thornhill, Ontario | ) | |
| St. Andrew's Anglican Church[155] | 1825 (founded in 1794) | Grimsby, Ontario | |||
| St. John the Evangelist Anglican Church[156] | 1825 | Niagara Falls | ) | ||
| St. Mary Magdalene Anglican Church[157] | 1825 | Picton | |||
| Timothy Street House | 2 | 1825 | Mississauga (Streetsville) | ) | |
| Walbridge House | 1825 | Newcastle | |||
| St. George Anglican Cathedral | 1825-1828 (founded in 1792) | Kingston | ) | ||
| Allan Macpherson House | 2 | 1826 | Napanee | ||
| Griffin House | 1 ½ | 1827 | Hamilton (Ancaster) | John Lawrason | ) |
| Poplars (Spencer House)[158] | 2 | 1827 | Cobourg | ) | |
| St Peter's Anglican Church[159] | 1827 | Tyrconnell | .jpg')) | ||
| Sparta's Adobe Blacksmith Shop | 1 | 1827 | Sparta, Ontario | ) | |
| Stone House currently the Bytown Museum | 3 | 1827 | Ottawa | Thomas McKay | ) |
| Middlesex County Court House | 3 | 1827-1829 | London | ) | |
| 157-161 Queen Street[160] | 2 | 1827 | Kingston | ) | |
| Blacksmith's house[161] | 1828 | Hamilton (Flamborough) | |||
| Moore-Bishop-Stokes House | 1 | 1828 | Niagara on the Lake | ) | |
| Robinson-Adamson House | 1 | 1828 | Mississauga | ) | |
| False Ducks Lighthouse[162] | 1829 | Prince Edward County | ) |
)
Quebec
The first Europeans to arrive in Quebec were settlers from France. They founded Quebec City in 1608 and erected there the first foundations such as the Habitation made of wood and set up by Samuel de Champlain. Despite the founding of other significant settlements in New France in the 17th century, notably Trois-Rivières in 1634 and Montreal in 1642, there are only a few 17th-century buildings that still survive outside the Capitale-Nationale region. Therefore, the oldest buildings still standing in Quebec are found heavily in and around Quebec City. All such buildings date from the French regime and are protected as historical monuments under the law enforced by the Ministry of Culture and Communication of Quebec.[163]
The following is a list of old buildings and structures in Quebec constructed prior to 1750.
| Building | Built | City | Architect | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maison Puiseaux | 1637 | Quebec City | ||
| Maison de madame de La Peltrie | 1644 | Quebec City | ) | |
| Basilique-cathédrale de Notre-Dame-de-Québec | 1743 | Quebec City | Gaspard-Joseph Chaussegros de Léry, Jean Baillairgé | ) |
| Maison Delisle[164] | 1648 | Deschambault-Grondines | ) | |
| Maison du Duc-de-Kent | 1648 | Quebec City | ) | |
| 7363 avenue Royale | 1668 | Château-Richer | ) | |
| Manoir Boucher de Niverville | 1668 | Trois-Rivières | ) | |
| Maison LeBer-LeMoyne[165] | 1669 | Montreal (Lachine) | Jacques Le Ber | ) |
| Maison Marcoux | 1670 | Quebec City | ||
| Chapelle Notre-Dame-des-Anges | 1671 | Notre-Dame-des-Anges | ) | |
| Maison-Laberge | 1674 | L'Ange-Gardien | ) | |
| Moulin à vent de Grondines | 1674 | Deschambault-Grondines | ) | |
| Maison François-Jacquet-dit-Langevin | 1675 | Quebec City | ) | |
| Séminaire de Québec | 1675 | Quebec City | François de Laval | ) |
| Manoir de Charleville[166] | 1677 | Boischatel | ||
| Maison Gourdeau[167] | 1677 | St. Jean, ile d'Orleans | ||
| Maison Morisset | 1678 | Sainte Famille, Ile d'Orleans | .JPG')) | |
| Maison Amiot | 1679 | Quebec City | ||
| Sacristie de l'Hôpital-Général-de-Québec | 1679 | Notre-Dame-des-Anges | Jean-Baptiste de Saint-Vallier | ) |
| Bâtiment des Récollets de l'Hôpital-Général-de-Québec | 1680 | Notre-Dame-des-Anges | Jean-Baptiste de Saint-Vallier | ) |
| 1789, chemin Royal[168] | 1680 | Ile d'Orleans | ||
| Gagnon House[169] | 1680 | Sainte-Famille, ile d'Orleans | .JPG')) | |
| Maison Rageot | 1682 | Quebec City | ||
| Maison Chavigny-Gosselin | 1683 | Quebec City | ||
| Maison Louis-Fornel | 1683 | Quebec City | ) | |
| Maison Louis-Jolliet | 1683 | Quebec City | ) | |
| Maison Frérot | 1683 | Quebec City | ||
| Maison Maheu-Couillard | 1683 | Quebec City | ||
| Maison Hazeur | 1684 | Quebec City | ||
| Maison des Jésuites | 1684 | Quebec City | ||
| Maison Delage | 1684 | Quebec City | ||
| Tours du fort des Messieurs de Saint-Sulpice | 1684 | Montreal | ) | |
| Vieux-Séminaire de Saint-Sulpice | 1684 | Montreal | Society of Saint-Sulpice | ) |
| Windmill of Isle St-Bernard[170] | 1686 | Châteauguay | ) | |
| Notre-Dame-des-Victoires, Quebec City | 1687 | Quebec City | ) | |
| Maison Jean-Demers | 1689 | Quebec City | ) | |
| Maison Lambert-Dumont | 1689 | Quebec | ) | |
| Maison Michel-Dubuc[171] | 1690 | Longueuil | ) | |
| Vincelotte Windmill[172] | 1691 | Cap-Saint-Ignace | ) | |
| 2360-2362, chemin Royal[173] | 1691 | ile d'Orleans | ||
| La Petite Ferme, House | 1692 | La Petite-Ferme, Quebec | ) | |
| Moulin (Mill) du Petit-Pré[174] | 1695 | Château-Richer | ) | |
| Maison Saint-Gabriel | 1698 | Montreal | ) | |
| Couvent des Ursulines | 1699 | Trois-Rivieres | ) | |
| Maison Descaris[175] | 1700 | Montreal | ) | |
| Maison Range-dit-Laviolette[176] | 1700 | Baie-D'Urfé | ) | |
| Maison des Jésuites-de-Sillery | 1702-1733 | Sillery, Quebec City | ) | |
| Château Ramezay | 1705 | Montreal | ) | |
| Domaine de Maizerets[177] | 1705 | Quebec City | ) | |
| Maison Péan | 1705 | Quebec City | ) | |
| Pointe-du-Moulin[178] | 1708 | Notre-Dame-de-l'Ile-Perrot | ) | |
| Pointe-Claire Windmill[179] | 1709 | Montreal | .jpg')) | |
| Maison Étienne-Nivard-de Saint-Dizier[180] | 1710 | Montreal | ) | |
| Dauphine Redoubt[181] | 1712 | Quebec City | .JPG')) | |
| Maison de la Veuve-Groleau[182] | 1715 | Deschambault-Grondines | ) | |
| Church of St-Pierre[183] | 1717-1719 | Île d'Orléans | .jpg')) | |
| Pointe-aux-Trembles Windmill[184] | 1719 | Montreal | ) | |
| Maison Molleur-Dit-Lallemand | 1720[185] | Beaumont, Quebec | ) | |
| Maison Vézina[186] | 1720 | Boischatel | ) | |
| Sanctuaire de Notre-Dame-du-Cap | 1720 | Trois-Rivieres | ) | |
| Watermill of Saint-Laurent | 1720 | Ile d'Orleans | ||
| Maison Etienne-Marchand | 1722 | Quebec | ) | |
| Maison Larchevêque-Lelièvre | 1727 | Quebec | ) | |
| Saint-François Church | 1734 | St-Jean, Ile d'Orleans | .jpg')) | |
| Manoir Mauvide-Genest | 1734 | Ile d'Orleans | .JPG')) | |
| Saint-Jean Church | 1737 | St-Jean, Ile d'Orleans | .jpg')) | |
| Hurtubise House | 1739 | Montreal (Westmount) | ) | |
| Maison Lamontagne | 1744 | Rimouski | ) | |
| Sainte-Famille Church | 1747 | Ste-Famille, Ile d'Orleans | .jpg')) |
Saskatchewan
The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Saskatchewan constructed prior to 1900.
| Building | Height [m] | Floors | Built | City | Architect | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Holy Trinity Anglican Church | 1854 | Stanley Mission | The Rev. Robert Hunt | ) | ||
| Mission of St. Antoine de Padoue[187] | ? | 1 | 1884 | Batoche | Oblates of Mary Immaculate Ludger Gareau | ) |
| Marr Residence | ? | 2 | 1885 | Saskatoon | ) | |
| All Saints Anglican Church | 1887 | Katepwa Beach | ||||
| Almighty Voice Jailhouse | 1880 | Duck Lake | [188] | |||
| Powder Magazine | 1890 | Cumberland House | [189] | |||
| Territorial Administration Building | ? | 2 | 1891 | Regina | Thomas Fuller | |
| Jean Caron Sr. Farm Home[190] | 1895 | Batoche | Jean Caron Sr. | [191] | ||
| All Saints Anglican Church | 1 | 1896 | Duck Lake | |||
| Hudson's Bay Company Store | 1897 | Fort Qu'Appelle | ) | |||
| Motherwell Homestead | 1897 | Abernethy | William Richard Motherwell | [192] |
Yukon
The following is a list of oldest buildings and structures in Yukon constructed prior to 1900.
| Building | Built | City | Architect | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fort Selkirk Schoolhouse | 1892 | Fort Selkirk | ) | |
| Coward Cabin | 1898 | Fort Selkirk | ||
| Lowe's Mortuary | 1898 | Dawson City | ) | |
| North West Mounted Police Jail | 1898 | Dawson City | ||
| St. Francis Xavier Roman Catholic Church | 1898 | Fort Selkirk | ||
| Yukon Hotel | 1898 | Dawson City | J.E. Binet | ) |
| Yukon Sawmill Company Office | 1898 | Dawson City | ||
| Robert Service Cabin | 1898-1899 | Dawson City | ) | |
| P. Denhardt Cabin | 1899 (before) | Dawson City | Paul Dennhardt | |
| Third Avenue Hotel, Building 14 | 1899 | Dawson City | ||
| Dawson City Telegraph Office | 1899 | Dawson City | ) | |
| Mme. Tremblay's Store (16) | 1899 | Dawson City | ) | |
| NWMP Married Quarters | 1899 | Dawson City | ||
| Pioneer Hotel 2 | 1899 | Whitehorse | John Smart, Edward Dixon |
See also
- Architecture of Canada
- List of heritage buildings in Vancouver
- List of oldest buildings and structures in Halifax, Nova Scotia
- List of oldest buildings and structures in Toronto
- Gothic Revival architecture in Canada
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- ^ "Oups... - Répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec". www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca.
- ^ "Maison Delisle - Répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec". www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca.
- ^ "HistoricPlaces.ca - HistoricPlaces.ca". www.historicplaces.ca.
- ^ http://inventairenf.cieq.ulaval.ca:8080/inventaire/oneLieu.do?sortPropProtection=annee&refLieu=937&ascProtection=true
- ^ http://www.ruralys.org/assets/hiv10.pdf
- ^ "1789, chemin Royal - Répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec". www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca.
- ^ "HistoricPlaces.ca - HistoricPlaces.ca". www.historicplaces.ca.
- ^ "Moulin de l’Île st-bernard". www.patrimoineduquebec.com.
- ^ "HistoricPlaces.ca - HistoricPlaces.ca". www.historicplaces.ca.
- ^ "Moulin à vent de Vincelotte - Répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec". www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca.
- ^ "2360-2362, chemin Royal - Répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec". www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca.
- ^ Boileau, Gilles. "Les premiers moulins en Nouvelle-France". Histoire Québec. Retrieved February 24, 2013.
- ^ "Grand répertoire du patrimoine bâti de Montréal". patrimoine.ville.montreal.qc.ca.
- ^ "HistoricPlaces.ca - HistoricPlaces.ca". www.historicplaces.ca.
- ^ "Domaine de Maizerets". Commission de la capitale nationale du Québec.
- ^ "Historique | Parc historique de la Pointe-du-Moulin". www.pointedumoulin.com.
- ^ "Société pour la Sauvegarde du Patrimoine de Pointe-Claire". www.patrimoinepointeclaire.org.
- ^ "Maison Nivard-De Saint-Dizier - Répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec". www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca.
- ^ "HistoricPlaces.ca - HistoricPlaces.ca". www.historicplaces.ca.
- ^ "Maison de la Veuve-Groleau - Répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec". www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca.
- ^ "Ancienne église de Saint-Pierre - Répertoire du patrimoine culturel du Québec". www.patrimoine-culturel.gouv.qc.ca.
- ^ "The Pointe-Aux-Trembles Windmill".
- ^ "HistoricPlaces.ca - HistoricPlaces.ca". www.historicplaces.ca.
- ^ "HistoricPlaces.ca - HistoricPlaces.ca". www.historicplaces.ca.
- ^ Parks Canada Batoche National Historic Site Access date 2009-06-30
- ^ Historic Places Canada Access Date June 30, 2009
- ^ Canada's Historic Places Access date 2015-06-10
- ^ [Parks Canada - Education Program, 2009 Parks Canada Batoche National Historic Site] Access date 2009-06-30
- ^ Jean Caron Farm house Saskatoon Gen Web Image Access date 2009-06-30
- ^ Virtual Saskatchewan Motherwell Homestead 2009-06-30
- "Architecture in Canada" The Canadian Encyclopedia
- Kalman, Harold D. A History of Canadian Architecture. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1994.
- Canada by Design: Parliament Hill, Ottawa at Library and Archives Canada
- Baker, Marilyn, Manitoba's Third Legislative Building: Symbol in Stone:The Art and Politics of a Public Building, Hyperion Press, Winnipeg, Manitoba 1986
- Cameron, Stanley, Stones of History: Canada's Houses of Parliament, Film Board of Canada
- Denby & Kilbourn, Toronto Observed: Its Architecture, Patrons, and History,Oxford University Press, Toronto 1986
- Edwards, Gregory, Hidden Cities: Art & Design in Architectural Details of Vancouver & Victoria, Talonbooks, Vancouver, BC 1991.
- Emporis.com
- Kalman, Phillips and Ward, Exploring Vancouver: The Essential Architectural Guide, UBC Press, Vancouver 1993
- Kvaran, Einar Einarsson, Architectural Sculpture in America, unpublished manuscript
- Maitland, Hucker & Ricketts, A Guide to Canadian Architectural Styles, broadview press, Peterborough, ON 1992
- McHugh, Patricia, Toronto Architecture: A City Guide, McClelland & Stewart Inc., Toronto 1989
- McMullen, Barbara, Ottawa's Terra Cotta Architecture: Two Walking Tours, Heritage Ottawa, Ottawa, 2003
- skyscraperpage.com
- Taggart, Jim, The Architecture of Downtown Victoria, Blue Steps - Pacific Walking Tour Guides, Vancouver, BC 2000
- The Notman Photographic Archives.
External links
- Biographical Dictionary of Architects in Canada, – biographies of Canadian architects and lists of their buildings from 1800 to 1950.