This is the list of the national parks of Indonesia.[1] Of the 54 national parks, 6 are World Heritage Sites, 9 are part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves[2] and 5 are wetlands of international importance under the Ramsar convention. A total of 9 parks are largely marine. Around 9% of the Indonesia surface are national parks (less than the 25% of Germany or the 33% of France).
The first group of five Indonesian national parks were established in 1980.[3] This number increased constantly reaching 41 in 2003. In a major expansion in 2004, nine more new national parks were created, raising the total number to 50.[4] Mount Tambora was added in 2015.[5] 3 more National Parks in Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Bangka Island were added in 2016.
Java
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Gunung Merbabu National Park
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Karimunjawa National Park
| Name | Year | Total Area | Marine area | International status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| km² | mi² | ||||
| Alas Purwo | 1992 | 434 | 168 | ||
| Baluran | 1980 | 250 | 96 | ||
| Bromo Tengger Semeru | 1983 | 503 | 194 | World Network of Biosphere Reserves | |
| Gunung Ciremai | 2004 | 155 | 60 | ||
| Gunung Gede Pangrango | 1980 | 150 | 58 | World Network of Biosphere Reserves | |
| Gunung Halimun Salak | 1992 | 400 | 150 | ||
| Gunung Merapi | 2004 | 64 | 25 | ||
| Gunung Merbabu | 2004 | 57 | 21 | ||
| Karimunjawa | 1986 | 1,116 | 431 | most | |
| Kepulauan Seribu | 1982 | 1,080 | 420 | most | |
| Meru Betiri | 1982 | 580 | 224 | ||
| Ujung Kulon | 1992 | 1,206 | 466 | 443 km² | World Heritage Site[6] |
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Halimun
Karimunjawa
Merbabu
Seribu
Meru Betiri
Kalimantan
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Tanjung Puting
| Name | Year | Total Area | Marine area | International status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| km² | mi² | ||||
| Betung Kerihun | 1995 | 8,000 | 3,100 | Proposed World Heritage Site[7] | |
| Bukit Baka Bukit Raya | 1992 | 1,811 | 699 | ||
| Danau Sentarum | 1999 | 1,320 | 510 | Ramsar site | |
| Gunung Palung | 1990 | 900 | 350 | ||
| Kayan Mentarang | 1996 | 13,605 | 5,252 | ||
| Kutai | 1982 | 1,986 | 767 | ||
| Sabangau | 2004 | 5,687 | 2,196 | ||
| Tanjung Puting | 1982 | 4,150 | 1,370 | World Network of Biosphere Reserves | |
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Lesser Sunda Islands
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| Name | Year | Total Area | Marine area | International status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| km² | mi² | ||||
| Bali Barat | 1995 | 190 | 73 | ||
| Gunung Rinjani | 1990 | 413 | 159 | ||
| Kelimutu | 1992 | 50 | 20 | ||
| Komodo | 1980 | 1,817 | 701 | 66% | World Heritage Site;[8] World Network of Biosphere Reserves |
| Laiwangi Wanggameti | 1998 | 470 | 180 | ||
| Manupeu Tanah Daru | 1998 | 880 | 340 | ||
| Mount Tambora[9] | 2015 | 716 | 276 | ||
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Bali Barat
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Maluku and Papua
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Wasur National Park
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| Name | Year | Total Area | Marine area | International status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| km² | mi² | ||||
| Aketajawe-Lolobata | 2004 | 1,673 | 646 | ||
| Lorentz | 1997 | 25,050 | 9,670 | World Heritage Site[10] | |
| Manusela | 1982 | 1,890 | 729 | ||
| Teluk Cenderawasih | 2002 | 14,535 | 5,611 | 90% | |
| Wasur | 1990 | 4,138 | 1598 | Ramsar site | |
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Aketajawe– Lolobata
Manusela
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Sulawesi
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Bunaken National Park
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Wakatobi National Park
| Name | Year | Total Area | Marine area | International status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| km² | mi² | ||||
| Bantimurung - Bulusaraung | 2004 | 480 | 185 | ||
| Bogani Nani Wartabone | 1991 | 2,871 | 1,108 | ||
| Bunaken | 1991 | 890 | 342 | 97% | Proposed World Heritage Site [11] |
| Gandang Dewata[12] | 2016 | 793 | 306 | ||
| Kepulauan Togean[13] | 2004 | 3,620 | 1,400 | 700 km² | |
| Lore Lindu | 1982 | 2,290 | 884 | World Network of Biosphere Reserves | |
| Rawa Aopa Watumohai | 1989 | 1,052 | 406 | Ramsar site | |
| Taka Bone Rate | 2001 | 5,308 | 2,049 | most | World Network of Biosphere Reserves Proposed World Heritage Site[14] |
| Wakatobi | 2002 | 13,900 | 5,370 | most | World Network of Biosphere Reserves Proposed World Heritage Site[15] |
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Bantimurung
Bunaken
Wakatobi
Togean
Taka Bone Rate
Gandang Dewata
Sumatra
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Batang Gadis National Park
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| Name | Year | Total Area | Marine area | International status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| km² | mi² | ||||
| Batang Gadis[16] | 2004 | 1,080 | 417 | ||
| Berbak | 1992 | 1,628 | 628 | Ramsar site | |
| Bukit Barisan Selatan | 1982 | 3,650 | 1410 | World Heritage Site unit[17] | |
| Bukit Duabelas | 2000 | 605 | 233 | ||
| Bukit Tigapuluh | 1995 | 1,277 | 493 | ||
| Gunung Leuser | 1980 | 7,927 | 3,061 | World Heritage Site unit[17] World Network of Biosphere Reserves | |
| Kerinci Seblat | 1999 | 13,750 | 5,310 | World Heritage Site unit[17] | |
| Sembilang | 2001 | 2,051 | 792 | Ramsar site | |
| Siberut | 1992 | 1,905 | 735 | World Network of Biosphere Reserves | |
| Tesso Nilo[18] | 2004 | 1,000 | 386 | ||
| Way Kambas | 1989 | 1,300 | 500 | ||
| Zamrud[19] | 2016 | 314 | 121 | ||
| Mount Maras[20] | 2016 | 168 | 65 | ||
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Batang Gadis
Berbak
Zamrud
Maras
BDB
BTP
Sembilang
See also
- Protected areas of Indonesia
References
- ^ "National Parks in Indonesia". Archived from the original on 9 October 2013. Retrieved 17 December 2009.
- ^ UNESCO: "Ecological Sciences for Sustainable Development", retrieved 18 July 2015
- ^ Indonesian Ministry of Forestry Archived 15 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved 8 January 2010
- ^ WWF:Indonesia establishes 1.3 million hectares of Protected Areas, Retrieved 19 February 2010
- ^ "Mount Tambora National Park Transformed Into New Ecotourism Destination", in Antara News, 15 April 2015
- ^ "Ujung Kulon National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 30 September 2007.
- ^ "Betung Kerihun National Park (Transborder Rainforest Heritage of Borneo)". UNESCO. Retrieved 3 October 2007.
- ^ "Komodo National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 30 September 2007.
- ^ "Mount Tambora National Park Transformed Into New Ecotourism Destination". Retrieved 15 April 2015.
- ^ "Lorentz National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 30 September 2007.
- ^ UNESCO tentative list, Retrieved 28 September 2009
- ^ Kabupatem Mamasa, Retrieved 15 November 2017
- ^ "Rare Pride helps Togean Islands Establish National Park". Retrieved 30 September 2007.
- ^ "World Heritage Tentative List: Taka Bonerate National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
- ^ "World Heritage Tentative List: Wakatobi National Park". UNESCO. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
- ^ "Indonesia Declares Batang Gadis National Park". Archived from the original on 10 November 2007. Retrieved 29 September 2007.
- ^ a b c "Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra". UNESCO. Retrieved 30 September 2007.
- ^ "Indonesia Declares Tesso Nilo National Park". Retrieved 8 January 2010.
- ^ "Indonesia declares national park in top palm oil-producing province". Retrieved 27 July 2016.
- ^ https://indonesianforest.or.id/mount-maras-national-park/