Like other crops cocoa can be attacked by a number of pest species including fungal diseases, insects and rodents - some of which (e.g. frosty pod rot and cocoa pod borer) have increased dramatically in geographical range and are sometimes described as "invasive species".[1]
Bacterial diseases
| Bacterial diseases | |
|---|---|
| Crown gall | Agrobacterium tumefaciens (artificial inoculations) |
| Stripe | Erwinia caratovora |
Fungal diseases
| Fungal and Oomycete diseases | |
|---|---|
| Anthracnose | Glomerella cingulata |
| Armillaria root rot | Armillaria mellea |
| Black pod disease | Phytophthora capsici |
| Black root | |
| Brown root | Phellinus noxius |
| Canker | Phytophthora citrophthora |
| Ceratocystis wilt | Ceratocystis cacaofunesta |
| Collar crack | Armillariella mellea |
| Collar rot | Ustulina deusta |
| Cushion gall (green-point gall) | Nectria rigidiuscula |
| Dieback | Physiological, stress induced, more than 80 fungal species associated with this syndrome |
| Frosty pod | Moniliophthora roreri |
| Horse hair blight | Crinipellis sarmentosa |
| Lasiodiplodia pod rot | Lasiodiplodia theobromae |
| Leaf anthracnose | Colletotrichum spp. |
| Macrophoma pod rot | Macrophoma spp. |
| Moniliophthora pod rot | Moniliophthora roreri |
| Phytophthora pod rot | Phytophthora capsici |
| Pink disease | Erythricium salmonicolor |
| Sudden death | |
| Thread blight | Ceratobasidium koleroga |
| Trachysphaera pot rot (mealy pod) | Trachysphaera fructigena |
| Vascular streak dieback | Oncobasidium theobromae |
| Violet root rot | Nectria mauritiicola |
| Wet root rot | Ganoderma philippii |
| White root rot | Rigidoporus microporus |
| White thread | Marasmiellus scandens |
| Witch's broom | Moniliophthora perniciosa |
Miscellaneous diseases
| Miscellaneous diseases | |
|---|---|
| Algal disease | Cephaleuros virescens |
| Cherelle wilt | Physiological, no specific pathogen involved |
Nematodes, parasitic
| Nematodes, parasitic | |
|---|---|
| Awl nematode | Dolichodorus spp. |
| Cyst nematode | Heterodera spp. |
| Dagger nematode | Xiphinema spp. |
| Lesion nematode | Pratylenchus spp. |
| Reniform nematode | Rotylenchulus spp. |
| Ring nematode | Hoplolaimus spp. |
| Root-knot nematode | Meloidogyne spp. |
| Spiral nematode | Helicotylencus spp. |
| Stubby root nematode | Trichodorus spp. |
Parasitic plants
| Parasitic plants | |
|---|---|
| Mistletoe | Denrophthora spp. Loranthus spp. |
Viral and viroid diseases
| Viral and viroid diseases | |
|---|---|
| Cacao swollen shoot | Cacao swollen-shoot virus (CSSV) |
| Cacao yellow mosaic | Cacao yellow mosaic virus (CYMV) |
| Cacao necrosis | Cacao necrosis virus (CNV) |
References
- ^ "The World's Worst Cocoa Problems". www.dropdata.org. Retrieved 24 June 2018.
- Common Names of Diseases, The American Phytopathological Society
- IPARC Guide to cocoa pests and their management.