Jews had lived in the Iberian peninsula since the Ancient Age, experiencing a Golden Age under Muslim ruple. Following the Reconquista and increasing persecution, many of them were expelled from Spain in 1492 and Portugal in 1497. Some of their descendants, known as the Sephardim, settled mainly in North Africa, South-East Europe, the Netherlands, England, and America. Jews were only formally readmitted to the peninsula in the late 19th century. The modern Jewish Iberian population is based on post-war immigration and numbers around 14,000. The following is a list of prominent Iberian Jews arranged by country of origin:
Portugal
- Abraham Aboab Falero (? - 1642), seventeenth century philanthropist.
- Daniel Blaufuks (1963 -) photographer.[1]
- Joshua Benoliel (1873 - 1932) Photojournalist, official photographer for King Carlos I of Portugal.[2]
- Moisés Bensabat Amzalak (1892 - 1978), [3] Milgram, Avraham (2011). Portugal, Salazar, and the Jews. Yad Vashem. p. 34. ISBN 9789653083875.
- Isaac Cardoso (1603 or 1604 - 1683) physician, philosopher, and polemic writer.[4]
- Artur Carlos de Barros Basto (1887 - 1961) author and military captain.[5]
- Artur Alberto de Campos Henriques (1853 - 1922) The 50th Prime Minister of Portugal.
- Nico Castel (1931 - 2015) tenor.[6]
- Uriel da Costa (1585 - 1640), Philosopher.[7]
- Abraham Curiel (1545-1609), physician.[8]
- David Curiel (1594-1666), merchant.[9]
- Jacob Curiel (1587-1664), diplomat, merchant and nobleman.[10]
- Tatiana Salem Levy (1979 -) Novelist.[11]
- Rodrigo Lopez (1517 – 1594), physician[12]
- Fernão de Loronha (1470 - 1540), Explorer and merchant.[13]
- Gracia Mendes Nasi (1510 – 1569), wealthy women of Renaissance Europe, became a prominent figure in the Ottoman Empire and developed an escape network that hundreds of Conversos.[14][15]
- Solomon Molcho (1500 - 1532), mystic and writer.[16]
- Garcia de Orta (1501 - 1578) Herbalist, naturalist and physician.[17]
- Pedro Nunes (1502 - 1578), Mathematician, cosmographer, and professor[18]
- Jacob Rodrigues Pereira (1715 - 1780), the first teacher of deaf-mutes in France.[19]
- Daniela Ruah (1983), actress, dual American citizen[20]
- Isaac Henrique Sequeira (1738 - 1816) Lisbon-born French doctor.[21][22]
- Francisco Sanches (1550 – November 16, 1623), was a Portuguese born Spain raised, French skeptic philosopher and physician.
- José Maria Espírito Santo Silva Ricciardi (1954-), economist and banker.[23]
- David ben Solomon ibn Yahya (1425 - 1528), Rabbi sentenced by King João II to be burned at the stake fled to Corfu.[24]
- Jacob Tirado (1540 - 1620), founder of the Spanish-Portuguese community of Amsterdam.[25]
- Fernando Ulrich (1952 -), economist and banking administrator.[26]
- Samuel Usque (1500 - 1555), author.[27]
- Richard Zimler (1956 -), American-born author, dual-citizen.[28][29]
Spain
Pre-expulsion
- Petrus Alphonsi, 11th & 12th century physician, writer, astronomer, and polemicist.[30]
- Vidal Astori (15th century) merchant and silversmith.[31]
- Bonafos Caballeria (?-1964), historian and anti-Jewish writer.
- Abraham Cresques (1325–1387), cartographer.[32]
- Jehudà Cresques (1360–1410), cartographer.[33]
- Alfonso de Cartagen (1384-1456), Roman Catholic bishop, diplomat, historian and writer of pre-Renaissance Spain.[34]
- Moses Hamon (1490-1567) physician, historian and phlanthopoist.[35]
- Joseph ben Hayyim Jabez (15th & 16th century) Mystic and theologian.[36]
- Felipe Godínez (1588 – 1637), Portuguese born dramatist of the Spanish Golden Age.[37]
- Jacob ibn Jau (9th century), silk-manufacturer and held a position in the court of the Hisham II.[38]
- Judah ben Joseph ibn Ezra (12th century), physian.[39]
- Joseph Kimhi (1105–1170), rabbi and biblical commentator.[40]
- Antonio de León Pinelo (1589-1660) writer and historian.[41]
- Moses de León (1240-1305) rabbi and Kabbalist who is considered the composer or redactor of the Zohar. =[42]
- Isaac ben Moses Eli (15th century), Mathematician.[43]
- Caterina Tarongí (1646-1691), burned alive by the Spanish Inquisition.[44]
- Bartolomé de Torres Naharro (1845-1530), writer.[45]
- Solomon ibn Verga (1460 – 1554) historian and physician.[46]
- Joseph Zabara (1140–1200), physicist, poet and satirist, writer of the Book of Delights'.[47]
Post-expulsion
- Isak Andic (1953 -), Turkish-born businessman and founder Mango.[48]
- Miguel de Barrios (1625-1701), philosopher, historian and poet.[49][50]
- Nissan Ben-Avraham (1957-), Marrano rabbi.[51]
- Esther Bendahan (1964 -), Moroccan born author.[52]
- Elena Benarroch (1955 -), fashion designer.[53][54]
- Elías Bendodo (1974 -), politician, former President of Malaga Provincial Deputation
- Doris Benegas (1951-2016), Venezuelan-born political lawyer, half Jewish.[55]
- José María Benegas (1948-2015), Venezuelan-born politician for the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, half Jewish.[56]
- Ricardo Bofill (1939 -) World famous architect, half Jewish.[57]
- Rafael Cansinos-Asséns (1882-1964) poet, novelist, essayist, literary critic and translator.[58]
- Abraham Miguel Cardoso (1626–1706), Sabbatean prophet and physician.[59]
- Isaac Carasso (1874 – 1939), Ottoman born co-founder of Danone.[60]
- Daniel Carasso (1905 - 2009), Ottoman born co-founder of Danone[61]
- Pancracio Celdrán (1942-2019), Professor, intellectual and journalist who specializes in history & literature of antiquity & the medieval period.
- Claudio Guillén (1924-2007), French-born writer and historian, half Jewish.[62]
- Heinrich Gärtner (1885-1962) Austro-Hungarian-born cinematographer.[63]
- Andrés Herzog (1974 -), Politician and lawyer that is the spokesperson of the Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD),half Jewish.[64]
- Jon Juaristi (1951 -) poet, essayist and translator, as a self-confessed former ETA militant. Convert.[65]
- Alicia Koplowitz (1954 -), businesswoman and philanthropist, half Jewish.[66]
- Esther Koplowitz (1953 -), businesswoman and philanthropist,half Jewish.[66]
- Enrique Múgica Herzog (1932 -) a lawyer, politician and co-founder of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, half-Jewish.[67][68]
- Romeo Niram (1974- ), figurative painter.
- Eduardo Propper de Callejón (1895 - 1972), diplomat remembered for facilitating escape of tens of thousands of Jews from France, half Jewish.
- Antonio Puerta (1984-2007) footballer.[69]
- Samuel Toledano (1929-1996) Moroccan-born Jewish lawyer and Jewish community leader.[70]
- Joseph de la Vega (1650-1692), well known merchant, poet, and philanthropist in Amsterdam.[71]
See also
- List of Sephardic Jews
- Sephardi Jews
- History of the Jews in Spain
- Spanish and Portuguese Jews
- Lists of Jews
- List of Portuguese
- List of Spaniards
Notes
- ^ https://www.academia.edu/6962271/_Under_Strange_Skies_Private_and_Public_Memory_in_the_Work_of_Daniel_Blaufuks
- ^ https://www.newsmuseum.pt/en/imortais/joshua-benoliel
- ^ Milgram 2011, p. 34.
- ^ https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/cardozo-cardoso-isaac
- ^ https://www.timesofisrael.com/historical-drama-depicts-untold-story-of-the-1930s-portuguese-dreyfus-affair/
- ^ Fox, Margalit. "Nico Castel, Tenor and Diction Coach at the Met, Dies at 83", The New York Times, June 3, 2015
- ^ Derman, Ushi (December 19, 2018). "Uriel da Costa: the Story of a Nonbeliever". Retrieved 2019-12-13.
- ^ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/curiel
- ^ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/curiel
- ^ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/curiel
- ^ https://www.killyourdarlings.com.au/article/conversation-with-tatiana-salem-levy/
- ^ Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "Jewish physician"
- ^ <https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/noronha-loronha-fern-x00e3-o-de
- ^ https://www.headstuff.org/culture/history/terrible-people-from-history/gracia-mendes-nasi-renaissance-businesswoman/
- ^ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/nasi-gracia
- ^ {{cite web|url=https://www.jewishlinknj.com/features/34362-a-doomed-proposal-for-a-joint-jewish-christian-crusade-three-divergent-views-of-solomon-molcho%7Ctitle=A Doomed Proposal for a Joint Jewish-Christian Crusade: Three Divergent Views of Solomon Molcho|work=jewishlinknj|first=Joel Davidi|last=Weisberger|date=November 14, 2018
- ^ http://chickensoupexhibit.org/garcia-de-orta-a-portuguese-jewish-doctor/
- ^ http://www.dulcerodrigues.info/historia/uk/efemeride_morte_pedro_nunes_uk.html
- ^ https://jdcc.org/feature-news/jacob-rodrigues-pereira-a-portugal-jew-in-18th-century/
- ^ Henerson, Evan (November 8, 2012). "Film Fest celebrates Sephardim". Jewish Journal. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
- ^ País, Ediciones El (24 April 2011). "Reportaje - El salvador de los 'zurbarán'". Retrieved 5 February 2018 – via elpais.com.
- ^ "Isaac Henrique Sequeira - The Collection - Museo Nacional del Prado". www.museodelprado.es. Retrieved 5 February 2018.
- ^ "www.haitongib.com. Retrieved 2014-07-12".
- ^ https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-yahya-david-ben-solomon
- ^ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/tirado-jacob
- ^ (in Portuguese) Fernando Ulrich banqueiro por tradição familiar Archived 2016-05-20 at the Wayback Machine, Económico
- ^ Meyer M. A. Ideas of Jewish history 1974 p105 "Samuel Usque (sixteenth century) was a Portuguese Marrano, a Jew forcibly converted to Christianity, who after extensive wanderings settled in Ferrara.
- ^ http://goodbooksguide.blogspot.com/2009/05/writing-life-richard-zimler.html
- ^ https://www.thejc.com/culture/features/the-gospel-according-to-richard-zimler-demons-dreams-and-yeshua-1.486124
- ^ David B. Green. "Haaretz". Retrieved December 15, 2019.
- ^ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/murviedro
- ^ {{cite web|title=You have reached your destination: The Jewish cartographers without whom we would not have WAZE|url=https://www.bh.org.il/blog-items/reached-destination-jewish-cartographers-without-not-waze/%7Cauthor=Ushi Derman|access-date=December 15, 2019
- ^ https://jewishreviewofbooks.com/articles/795/the-living-waters-of-history/
- ^ https://brill.com/view/journals/me/24/1-3/article-p226_9.xml
- ^ Heyd, Uriel (1963). "Moses Hamon, Chief Jewish Physician to Sultan Süleymān the Magnificent". Oriens. 16: 152–170. JSTOR 1580261.
- ^ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jabez-joseph-ben-x1e24-ayyim
- ^ "Felipe Godinez". Foundation Virtual Library Miguel de Cervantes. Retrieved 4 November 2013.
- ^ https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-jau-jacob
- ^ https://www.britannica.com/biography/Judah-ha-Levi
- ^ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/david-kimchi
- ^ [1]
- ^ https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100211684
- ^ http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/8204-isaac-ben-moses-eli-ha-sefardi
- ^ https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/a-dead-branch-on-the-tree-of-israel-the-xuetas-of-majorca/
- ^ Lihani, John (1971). "New Biographical Ideas on Bartolomé de Torres Naharro". Hispania. 54 (4): 828–835. doi:10.2307/338175. JSTOR 338175.
- ^ https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ibn-verga-solomon
- ^ http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/15137-zabara-joseph
- ^ https://www.businessoffashion.com/community/people/isak-andic
- ^ https://www.encyclopedia.com/religion/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/barrios-daniel-levi-miguel-de
- ^ Scholberg, Kenneth R. (1962). "Miguel de Barrios and the Amsterdam Sephardic Community". The Jewish Quarterly Review. 53 (2): 120–159. doi:10.2307/1453280. JSTOR 1453280.
- ^ "First ex-Marrano Israeli rabbi returns to Spain as emissary". Jerusalem Post. Dec 15, 2019.
- ^ Campoy-Cubillo, Adolfa; Bendahan, Esther (2014). "An Interview with Esther Bendahan". European Judaism: A Journal for the New Europe. 47 (2): 122–129. JSTOR 43744033.
- ^ https://www.levante-emv.com/vida-y-estilo/gente/personajes/2013/10/17/elena-benarroch-perfecta-jewish-mama/1042475.html
- ^ https://www.jta.org/2002/11/25/archive/around-the-jewish-world-few-jews-in-spain-yet-supposed-jewish-lobby-still-draws-readers
- ^ https://www.elmundo.es/suplementos/cronica/2009/709/1242511206.html
- ^ https://www.elmundo.es/suplementos/cronica/2009/709/1242511206.html
- ^ Meyer, Ulf (December 5, 2019). "Versailles for the People". World-Architects.com. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
- ^ Stavans, Ilan (August 24, 2014). "A Catalogue of Jewish Symbols". Jewishquarterly. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
- ^ Rosenstock, Bruce (1998). "Abraham Miguel Cardoso's Messianism: A Reappraisal". AJS Review. 23 (1): 63–104. doi:10.1017/S0364009400010035. JSTOR 1486734.
- ^ [2]
- ^ [3]
- ^ https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2011/02/claudio-guillen/
- ^ Bock & Bergfelder p.572
- ^ https://elpais.com/politica/2015/07/22/actualidad/1437566420_809835.html
- ^ Schaub, Jean-Frédéric (February 26, 2018). "Basques, Jews, and the Racialization of Spanish Identity". Retrieved December 15, 2019.
- ^ a b ABC (Spain): "Las Koplowitz Las más ricas de España" by ISABEL GUTIÉRREZ (in Spanish) August 24, 2007
- ^ [4]
- ^ https://www.haaretz.com/1.4955014
- ^ [5]
- ^ "Samuel Toledano 66 advocate for jews of spain". New York Times. Retrieved December 15, 2019.
- ^ James Tarmy. "The First Book Written About a Stock Market Is Selling for $300,000". Retrieved December 15, 2019.