Life timeline
-4500 —
–
-4000 —
–
-3500 —
–
-3000 —
–
-2500 —
–
-2000 —
–
-1500 —
–
-1000 —
–
-500 —
–
0 —
Life form (also spelled life-form or lifeform) is an entity that is living,[1][2] such as plants (flora) and animals (fauna). It is estimated that more than 99% of all species that ever existed on Earth, amounting to over five billion species,[3] are extinct.[4][5]
Archaea
- Archaea – a domain of single-celled microorganisms, morphologically similar to bacteria, but they possess genes and several metabolic pathways that are more closely related to those of eukaryotes, notably the enzymes involved in transcription and translation. Many archaea are extremophiles, which means living in harsh environments, such as hot springs and salt lakes, but they have since been found in a broad range of habitats.
- Crenarchaeota – a phylum of the Archaea kingdom. Initially
- Thermoprotei
- Sulfolobales – grow in terrestrial volcanic hot springs with optimum growth occurring
- Thermoprotei
- Euryarchaeota – In the taxonomy of microorganisms
- Haloarchaea
- Halobacteriales – in taxonomy, the Halobacteriales are an order of the Halobacteria, found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt.
- Methanobacteria
- Methanobacteriales – information including symptoms, causes, diseases, symptoms, treatments, and other medical and health issues.
- Methanococci
- Methanococcales aka Methanocaldococcus jannaschii – hermophilic methanogenic archaea, meaning that it thrives at high temperatures and produces methane
- Methanomicrobia
- Methanosarcinales – In taxonomy, the Methanosarcinales are an order of the Methanomicrobia
- Methanopyri
- Methanopyrales – In taxonomy, the Methanopyrales are an order of the methanopyri.
- Thermococci
- Thermoplasmata
- Thermoplasmatales – An order of aerobic, thermophilic archaea, in the kingdom
- Haloarchaea
- Halophiles – organisms that thrive in high salt concentrations
- Korarchaeota
- Korarchaeum cryptofilum – These archaea have only been found in high temperature hydrothermal environments, particularly hot springs
- Lokiarchaeota
- Methanogens
- Nanoarchaeota
- Nanoarchaeum equitans – This organism was discovered in 2002 and lives inside another archaea.
- Psychrophiles – (sigh-crow-files)
- Thaumarchaeota – a phylum of the Archaea proposed in 2008 after the genome of Cenarchaeum symbiosum
- thermophilic – (a thermophile is an organism)
- Crenarchaeota – a phylum of the Archaea kingdom. Initially
Bacteria
- Bacteria
- Gram positive no outer membrane
- Actinobacteria (high-G+C)
- Firmicutes (low-G+C)
- Tenericutes (no wall)
- Gram negative outer membrane present
- Aquificae
- Deinococcus-Thermus
- Fibrobacteres/Chlorobi/Bacteroidetes (FCB group)
- Frateuria aurantia (a species of Proteobacteria)
- Fusobacteria
- Gemmatimonadetes
- Nitrospirae
- Planctomycetes/Verrucomicrobia/Chlamydiae (PVC group)
- Proteobacteria
- Spirochaetes
- Synergistetes
- Unknown / ungrouped
- Acidobacteria
- Chloroflexi
- Chrysiogenetes
- Cyanobacteria
- Deferribacteres
- Dictyoglomi
- Thermodesulfobacteria
- Thermotogae
- Gram positive no outer membrane
Eukaryote
- Eukaryote – organisms whose cells contain complex structures enclosed within membranes.
- Unikonta
- Opisthokonta
- Animal – multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, reproduce sexually, and grow from a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development.
- Subkingdom Parazoa
- Porifera
- Placozoa
- Subkingdom Eumetazoa
- Radiata (unranked)
- Bilateria (unranked)
- Orthonectida
- Rhombozoa
- Acoelomorpha
- Chaetognatha
- Superphylum Deuterostomia
- Chordata
- Hemichordata
- Echinodermata
- Xenoturbellida
- Vetulicolia †
- Protostomia (unranked)
- Superphylum Ecdysozoa
- Superphylum Platyzoa
- Platyhelminthes
- Gastrotricha
- Rotifera
- Acanthocephala
- Gnathostomulida
- Micrognathozoa
- Cycliophora
- Superphylum Lophotrochozoa
- Subkingdom Parazoa
- Mesomycetozoa
- Fungi – any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes unicellular microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as multicellular fungi that produce familiar fruiting forms known as mushrooms.
- Blastocladiomycota
- Dikarya (inc. Deuteromycota)
- Subphyla incertae sedis
- Entomophthoromycotina
- Kickxellomycotina
- Mucoromycotina
- Zoopagomycotina
- Animal – multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, reproduce sexually, and grow from a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development.
- Amoebozoa
- Conosa
- Mycetozoa (slime-molds)
- Archamoebae
- Lobosa
- Protamoebae
- Conosa
- Opisthokonta
- Bikonta
- Apusozoa
- Excavata
- Archaeplastida (plants, broadly defined)
- Glaucophyta – glaucophytes
- Rhodophyceae – red algae
- Chloroplastida
- Chlorophyta – green algae (part)
- Ulvophyceae
- Trebouxiophyceae
- Chlorophyceae
- Chlorodendrales – green algae (part)
- Prasinophytae – green algae (part)
- Mesostigma
- Charophyta sensu lato – green algae (part) and land plants
- Streptophytina – stoneworts and land plants
- SAR supergroup
- Alveolata
- Heterokonta
- Rhizaria
- Unikonta
See also
References
- ^ "life form". World English Dictionary. Dictionary.com. 2009.
- ^ "life form". Online Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford University Press. 2005. Archived from the original on 2011-08-11.
- ^ Kunin, W.E.; Gaston, Kevin, eds. (31 December 1996). The Biology of Rarity: Causes and consequences of rare—common differences. ISBN 978-0412633805. Retrieved 26 May 2015.
- ^ Stearns, Beverly Peterson; Stearns, S. C.; Stearns, Stephen C. (2000). Watching, from the Edge of Extinction. Yale University Press. p. preface x. ISBN 978-0-300-08469-6. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
- ^ Novacek, Michael J. (8 November 2014). "Prehistory's Brilliant Future". New York Times. Retrieved 2014-12-25.