Kamasins (Камасинцы (also Камашинцы) in Russian; self designation: Kaŋmažə[1]) were a collection of tribes of Samoyedic peoples in the Sayan Mountains who lived along the Kan River and Mana River in the 17th century in the southern part of today's Krasnoyarsk Krai.
Russia no longer counts them officially in censuses, although in the last one, two people identified as Kamassian under the subgroup "other nationalities".[2]
History
Around the 17th century, the Kamasins moved and settled along the Kan and Mana River.[3]
The Taiga and Steppe Kamasins
In the late 19th century, the Kamasins split into two groups: The Taiga and the Steppe Kamasins,[3] each with their own distinct dialect.
The Taiga Kamasins engaged in hunting, reindeer breeding and fishing. The Taiga Kamasins spoke the Kamass dialect of Kamassian until the early 20th century.[3]
The Steppe Kamasins engaged in cattle breeding, horse breeding, farming, and hunting. They spoke the Koibal dialect of Kamassian, a Samoyedic language, until they adopted the Khakas language in the mid 19th century, which is still used today.[3][4]
Decline
Many of the Kamasins had assimilated into the Russian peasantry by the early 20th century.[3] Other Kamasins were assimilated into the Koibal subgroup of the Khakass and underwent Turkization.[5] The Kamasins are now ethnically classified as Koibal Khakass or Russian.[3][4]
In 1989, Klavdiya Plotnikova, the last Native Kamassian speaker of the Kamass dialect, died. She was half Kamassian, and was considered to be the last Kamasin. After her death, they were declared extinct.
See also
References
- ^ Gerson, Klump (2016). Kamas. University of Tartu. p. 36.
- ^ https://rosstat.gov.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol4/pub-04-02.pdf
- ^ a b c d e f Akiner, Shirin (1986). Islamic peoples of the Soviet Union : with an appendix on the non-Muslim Turkic peoples of the Soviet Union : an historical and statistical handbook (2nd ed.). London: KPI. p. 431. ISBN 0-7103-0188-X.
- ^ a b Olson, James Stuart; Pappas, Lee Brigance; Pappas, Nicholas Charles; Pappas, Nicholas C. J. (1994). An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 336. ISBN 978-0-313-27497-8.
- ^ Wixman, Ronald (2017). Peoples of the USSR: An Ethnographic Handbook. Routledge. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-315-47540-0.
External links