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Indian bead is a colloquial American term for a fossilized stem segment of a columnal crinoid, a marine echinoderm of the class Crinoidea. The fossils, generally a centimeter or less in diameter, tend to be cylindrical with a small hole (either open or filled) along the axis and can resemble unstrung beads. The fossils are abundant in certain areas, including parts of the American Midwest where they are present in gravel. They are sometimes also referred to as "Indian money".[1]
The same item is known as Bonifatius pfennige in German ("Saint Boniface pennies") and St Cuthbert's beads in the United Kingdom.
Gallery
Rare fossil of a crinoid completely intact
Calcified in limestone
Fossils from the Jurassic period
Intact stem of a crinoid, still embedded
Small beads shown in comparison to a penny
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See also
- St. Cuthbert's beads, name for identical bead in Great Britain
References
- ^ Weeden, William Babcock (1884). Indian Money as a Factor in New England Civilization. N. Murray, publication agent, Johns Hopkins university. p. 410. Retrieved 10 August 2017.