In applied mathematics, the Hough functions are the eigenfunctions of Laplace's tidal equations which govern fluid motion on a rotating sphere. As such, they are relevant in geophysics and meteorology where they form part of the solutions for atmospheric and ocean waves. These functions are named in honour of Sydney Samuel Hough.[1][2][3]
Each Hough mode is a function of latitude and may be expressed as an infinite sum of associated Legendre polynomials; the functions are orthogonal over the sphere in the continuous case. Thus they can also be thought of as a generalized Fourier series in which the basis functions are the normal modes of an atmosphere at rest.
References
- ^ Cartwright, David Edgar (2000). Tides: A Scientific History. Cambridge University Press. pp. 85–87.
- ^ Hough, S. S. (1897). On the Application of Harmonic Analysis to the Dynamical Theory of the Tides. Part I. On Laplace's' Oscillations of the First Species, and on the Dynamics of Ocean Currents. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, vol. 61, 201–257.
- ^ Hough, S. S. (1898). On the application of harmonic analysis to the dynamical theory of the tides. Part II. On the general integration of Laplace's dynamical equations. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character, vol. 191, 139–185.
- Lindzen, R.S. (2003). "The Interaction of Waves and Convection in the Tropics" (PDF). Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences. 60: 3009–3020. Bibcode:2003JAtS...60.3009L. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<3009:TIOWAC>2.0.CO;2.