Douglas MacArthur II | |
|---|---|
) | |
| United States Ambassador to Iran | |
| In office October 13, 1969 – February 17, 1972 | |
| President | Richard Nixon |
| Preceded by | Armin H. Meyer |
| Succeeded by | Joseph S. Farland |
| United States Ambassador to Austria | |
| In office May 24, 1967 – September 16, 1969 | |
| President | Lyndon B. Johnson Richard Nixon |
| Preceded by | James Williams Riddleberger |
| Succeeded by | John P. Humes |
| Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs | |
| In office March 14, 1965 – March 6, 1967 | |
| President | Lyndon B. Johnson |
| Preceded by | Fred Dutton |
| Succeeded by | William B. Macomber Jr. |
| United States Ambassador to Belgium | |
| In office May 9, 1961 – February 11, 1965 | |
| President | John F. Kennedy Lyndon B. Johnson |
| Preceded by | William A. M. Burden |
| Succeeded by | Ridgway B. Knight |
| United States Ambassador to Japan | |
| In office February 25, 1957 – March 12, 1961 | |
| President | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
| Preceded by | John M. Allison |
| Succeeded by | Edwin Reischauer |
| Personal details | |
| Born | July 5, 1909 Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania |
| Died | November 15, 1997 (aged 88) Washington, D.C. |
| Spouse(s) | Laura Louise Barkley (m. 1934; died 1987) |
| Parents | Arthur MacArthur III Mary McCalla |
| Education | Yale University |
| Occupation | Diplomat |
Douglas MacArthur II (July 5, 1909 – November 15, 1997) was an American diplomat. During his diplomatic career, he served as United States ambassador to Japan, Belgium, Austria, and Iran, as well as Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs.
Life
MacArthur's parents were Captain Arthur MacArthur III and Mary McCalla MacArthur. Through his mother, he was a grandson of Bowman H. McCalla, great-grandson of Colonel Horace Binney Sargent, and great-great-grandson of Lucius Manlius Sargent. Named for his uncle, General Douglas MacArthur, he was born in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, in 1909.[1]
He graduated from Milton Academy in Milton, Mass., and from Yale College, Class of 1932. He married Laura Louise Barkley on August 21, 1934, the daughter of future U.S. Vice President Alben Barkley.[1]
Diplomatic career
After serving as an Army officer, MacArthur began his Foreign Service career in 1935 with a post in Vancouver. He was assigned to Vichy France during the early years of World War II, served as secretary of the U.S. Embassy there from 1940 to 1942, and was interned in Baden, Baden Germany with other American diplomatic staff and civilians for two years after the US broke relations with the Vichy government. Following an internee exchange in March 1944, he served as part of General Dwight Eisenhower's political staff, and then led the political section of the U.S. Embassy in Paris until 1948.[2] He went on to become chief of the State Department's Division of Western European Affairs in 1949, where he assisted in the formation of NATO, and served as Counselor of the State Department from 1953 to 1956, where he led the U.S. negotiations for the SEATO treaty.[1][3]
Ambassador to Japan
MacArthur was appointed as U.S. Ambassador to Japan in December 1956, and presented his credentials in February 1957.[3]
During his four years in Tokyo, MacArthur oversaw the re-negotiation of the US-Japan Security Treaty, known as "Anpo" in Japanese. The new treaty was met with the massive Anpo Protests in Japan, and was only ratified with great difficulty. It was revealed in 1974 that MacArthur negotiated a secret agreement with Japanese foreign minister Aiichiro Fujiyama to allow the movement of American nuclear weapons through Japanese territory.[1] It was also revealed, through documents declassified in the 2000s, that MacArthur pressured the Japanese judiciary, including Chief Justice Kotaro Tanaka, to uphold the legality of the United States military presence in Japan following a lower court decision that found it to be unconstitutional.[4]
MacArthur appeared on the cover of the June 27, 1960 issue of Time magazine, in which he was characterized as "the principal architect of present-day U.S. policy toward Japan."[5]
Other posts
Following his time in Japan, MacArthur served as Ambassador to Belgium (1961–1965), Assistant Secretary of State (1965–1967), Ambassador to Austria (1967–1969) and Ambassador to Iran (1969–1972). While in the latter post, he escaped an attempted kidnapping by Iranian extremists in 1970.[1][2]
Later life and death
MacArthur died in Washington, D.C. in 1997.[1]
Related themes
- Girard incident
- Security Treaty Between the United States and Japan
- Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan
References
- ^ a b c d e f Pace, Eric (November 17, 1997). "Douglas MacArthur 2d, 88, Former Ambassador to Japan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved March 13, 2019.
- ^ a b Pearson, Richard (1997-11-16). "MACARTHUR II DIES AT 88". The Washington Post. Retrieved 2019-03-13.
- ^ a b "Douglas MacArthur II - People - Department History - Office of the Historian". history.state.gov. Retrieved 2019-03-13.
- ^ "U.S. coerced court in '59 base case". The Japan Times Online. 2008-05-01. ISSN 0447-5763. Retrieved 2019-03-13.
- ^ "The TIME Vault: 1960".
External links
- 1982 interview with Ambassador MacArthur related to US diplomatic efforts related to Vietnam
- Appearances on C-SPAN
| Diplomatic posts | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by John M. Allison | U.S. Ambassador to Japan 1957 – 1961 | Succeeded by Edwin Reischauer |
| Preceded by William A. M. Burden | U.S. Ambassador to Belgium 1961 – 1965 | Succeeded by Ridgway B. Knight |
| Preceded by James W. Riddleberger | U.S. Ambassador to Austria 1967 – 1969 | Succeeded by John P. Humes |
| Preceded by Armin H. Meyer | U.S. Ambassador to Iran 1969 – 1972 | Succeeded by Joseph S. Farland |
| Government offices | ||
| Preceded by Fred Dutton | Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs March 14, 1965 – March 6, 1967 | Succeeded by William B. Macomber, Jr. |