| Constitution Memorial Day | |
|---|---|
| Observed by | Japan |
| Type | National |
| Significance | Celebrates the entering into force of the 1947 Constitution of Japan |
| Date | May 3 |
Constitution Memorial Day (憲法記念日, Kenpō Kinenbi) is a national holiday in Japan. It takes place on May 3 in celebration of the enactment of the 1947 Constitution of Japan. It is a part of the collection of holidays known as Golden Week.[1]
History
After the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, the Showa Emperor announced unconditional surrender to allied forces. Over the next two years, Japan and U.S. General Douglas MacArthur cooperated in drafting the new constitution, which was ratified by the House of Representatives on August 24, 1946, by the House of Peers on October 6, and by the Privy Council on October 29, then promulgated by the Emperor on November 3, 1946, the Emperor Meiji's birthday, and came into effect on May 3, 1947.[2][3]
Initially, Prime Minister Shigeru Yoshida wanted to observe Constitution Memorial Day on November 3 because it was already a holiday; furthermore, the date of the signing also coincided with the start of trials by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East.[4] However, he did not get his way and the Public Holiday Law of 1948 (in Japanese) set the date as May 3.
Constitution Memorial Day is often chosen as a day to reflect on the meaning of democracy and Japanese government. For instance, in 2003, a number of newspapers featured editorials regarding the constitution's Article 9,[5] which declares the country as a pacifist nation.
Celebration
Constitution Memorial Day is a time to reminisce the events of Japan's history. The National Diet opens to the public on 3 May every year, for tours of the building. Constitution Memorial Day in Japan is a part of Golden Week. In 2019 a one-off Platinum Week was held, with extra events and a longer duration, to commemorate the inauguration of the new emperor, Naruhito.[6]
See also
- Constitution Day in other countries
- Constitution of Japan
- Holidays of Japan
- Politics of Japan
References
- ^ Indiana University East Asian Studies Center: Japanese Holidays & Celebrations, retrieved November 18, 2005
- ^ Finn, Richard B. (January 1, 1992). Winners in Peace: MacArthur, Yoshida, and Postwar Japan. University of California Press. pp. 119–120. ISBN 9780520069091.
- ^ Dower, John W. (1999). Embracing defeat: Japan in the wake of World War II (1st ed.). New York: W.W. Norton & Co/New Press. pp. 365–367. ISBN 978-0393046861.
- ^ Shoichi, Koseki (February 1, 2018). The Birth of Japan's Postwar Constitution. Routledge. pp. 326–327. ISBN 9780429976438.
- ^ World Press: Japan: Constitutional Controversy (July 2003), retrieved November 18, 2005
- ^ Allan Richarz (30 March 2019). "Celebrating 'Platinum Week' in Japan". New York Times.