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Cape Coloureds

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This article is about the ethnic group originating in the Cape. For the broader group of mixed-race people in South Africa, see Coloureds.
Cape Coloureds
Kaapse Kleurlinge
Coloured-family.jpg
An extended Coloured South African family with roots in Cape Town, Kimberley and Pretoria
Total population
4,771,500[1]
(In South Africa only, 2015)
Regions with significant populations
South Africa, Namibia, Zimbabwe, Lesotho
Languages
Afrikaans, South African English
Religion
Christian (80%), Muslim (5%)[2]
Related ethnic groups
Afrikaners, Khoikhoi, Basters, Xhosa, Tswana, Cape Malays, Indian South Africans

Cape Coloureds (Afrikaans: Kaapse Kleurlinge) are an ethnic group composed primarily of persons of mixed race. Although Coloureds form a minority group within South Africa, they are the predominant population group in the Western Cape.

They are generally bilingual, speaking Afrikaans and English, though some speak only one of these. Some Cape Coloureds may code switch,[3] speaking a patois of Afrikaans and English called Afrikaaps also known as Cape Slang (Capy) or Kombuis Afrikaans, meaning Kitchen Afrikaans. Cape Coloureds were classfied under apartheid as a subset of the larger Coloured race group.

At least one genetic study indicates that Cape Coloureds have an ancestry consisting of the following ethnic groups:[4]

  • Khoisan: (32–43%)
  • Bantu-speaking Africans (mainly Xhosa): (20–36%)
  • Ethnic groups in Europe: (21–28%)
  • Asian peoples: (9–11%)

Origin and history

The Cape Coloureds are a heterogeneous South African ethnic group, with diverse ancestral links. Ancestry may include European settlers, indigenous Khoi and San and Xhosa people, and slaves imported from the Dutch East Indies (or a combination of all).[5] People from India and the islands within the Indian Ocean region were also taken to the Cape and sold into slavery by the Dutch settlers. The Indian slaves were almost invariably given Christian names but their places of origin were indicated in the records of sales and other documents so that it is possible to get an idea of the ratio of slaves from different regions. These slaves were, however, dispersed and lost their Indian cultural identity over the course of time. Slaves of Malay and other ancestry were brought from India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Madagascar, and Mozambique. This diverse assortment of people was subsequently classified as a single group under the Apartheid regime.[6]

Under Apartheid, under the Population Registration Act as amended, the term Cape Coloured referred to a subset of Coloured South Africans, with subjective criteria having been used by the bureaucracy to determine whether a person was a Cape Coloured, or belonged to one of a number of other related subgroups such as the "Cape Malays", or "Other Coloureds".[7][8]

Cape Coloureds in the media

Cape Coloured school children in Mitchell's Plain
Cape Coloured children in Bonteheuwel township (Cape Town, South Africa)
The Christmas Bands are a popular Cape Coloured cultural tradition in Cape Town

A group of Cape Coloureds were interviewed in the documentary series Ross Kemp on Gangs. One of the gang members who participated in the interview mentioned that black South Africans have been the main beneficiaries of South African social promotion initiatives while the Cape Coloureds have been further marginalised.

The film I'm Not Black, I'm Coloured - Identity Crisis at the Cape of Good Hope (Monde World Films, 2009 USA release) is one of the first historical documentary films to explore the legacy of Apartheid through the viewpoint of the Cape Coloured community, including interviews with elders, pastors, members of Parliament, students and everyday people struggling to find their identity in the new South Africa. Sequel film “Word of Honour: Reclaiming Mandela’s Promise” (Monde World Films, 2016 USA release) [9]

Various books have covered the subject matter of Coloured identity and heritage.

Patric Tariq Mellet, heritage activist and author of 'The Camissa Embrace' and co-creator of The Camissa Museum, has composed a vast online blog archive ('Camissa People') of heritage information concerning Coloured ancestry tracing to the Indigenous San and Khoe and Malagasy, East African, Indonesian, Indian, Bengal and Sri Lankan slaves.

Terminology

The term "coloured" is currently treated as a neutral description in Southern Africa, classifying people of mixed race ancestry.

Once used in the Western countries as well, especially so in North America, the term has shifted in meaning and is now regarded as derogatory in the Western World; a newly-coined term "person of color" has since become common and preferred by the members of the community and the general populace. This term tends to mean any non-white person, as opposed to a mixed-race person, where the term "multiracial" is used. "Coloured" may also be seen as offensive in some other western countries, such as Britain and the United States of America.[10]

Notable people

Politicians

Artists and writers

  • Peter Abrahams, writer
  • Tyrone Appollis, academic
  • Willie Bester
  • Dennis Brutus, journalist, poet, activist
  • Peter Clarke
  • Phillippa Yaa de Villiers, writer & performance artist
  • Garth Erasmus, artist
  • Diana Ferrus, poet, writer & performance artist
  • Oliver Hermanus, writer, Director
  • Rozena Maart, writer
  • Mustafa Maluka
  • Dr. Don Mattera
  • James Matthews, writer
  • Selwyn Milborrow, poet, writer, journalist
  • Arthur Nortje, poet
  • Robin Rhode
  • Richard Moore Rive, writer
  • Tracey Rose
  • Adam Small, writer
  • Zoë Wicomb, writer
  • Athol Williams, poet, writer, scholar, social philosopher

Actors and actresses

Beauty queens

  • Tansey Coetzee, Miss South Africa 2007
  • Tamaryn Green, Miss South Africa 2018
  • Tatum Keshwar, Miss South Africa 2008
  • Amy Kleinhans, former Miss South Africa 1992 and first non-white Miss South Africa.
  • Liesl Laurie, Miss South Africa 2015
  • Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters, Miss South Africa 2017 and Miss Universe 2017
  • Jo-Ann Strauss, Miss South Africa 2000, media personality and business woman.

Musicians

Others

  • Marc Lottering, comedian
  • Jenny Powell, television presenter.

Athletics

  • Shaun Abrahams, 800m runner
  • Cornel Fredericks, track & field sprinter
  • Paul Gorries, Sprinter
  • Leigh Julius, 2004- 2008 Olympian
  • Geraldine Pillay, 2004 Olympian, Commonwealth medallist
  • Wayde van Niekerk, track & field sprinter, Olympic and World Champion, and World Record Holder
  • Luke Davids - Youth Olympic Champion
  • Template:Antonio Alkana - Olympian and SA record holder 110mh
  • Roscoe Engel SA Sprinter
  • Sergio Mullins Olympian SA Sprinter

Cricket

Field Hockey

  • Ignatius Malgraff
  • Clyde Abrahams
  • Liesel Dorothy
  • Luke Nelson

Football

Rugby

Others

  • Raven Klaasen - tennis player
  • Devon Petersen - darts player
  • Kenny Solomon, South Africa's first chess grandmaster

See also

References

  1. ^ Mid-year population estimates, 2015 (PDF) (Report). Statistics South Africa. 31 July 2015. p. 3. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
  2. ^ "The Coloureds of Southern Africa". MixedFolks.com. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 2009-10-23.
  3. ^ Stell, Gerald (2010). "Ethnicity in linguistic variation". Pragmatics. 20 (3): 425–447. doi:10.1075/prag.20.3.06ste. ISSN 1018-2101.
  4. ^ de Wit, E; Delport, W; Rugamika, CE; Meintjes, A; Möller, M; van Helden, PD; Seoighe, C; Hoal, EG (August 2012). "Genome-wide analysis of the structure of the South African Coloured Population in the Western Cape". Human Genetics. 128: 145–53. doi:10.1007/s00439-010-0836-1. PMID 20490549.
  5. ^ Khan, Razib (16 June 2011). "The Cape Coloureds are a mix of everything". Discover Magazine. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
  6. ^ "History of Slavery and early colonisation in SA". South African History Online. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
  7. ^ Valentine, Sue. "An appalling "science"". The Sunday Times. Archived from the original on 23 April 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-26.
  8. ^ Leach, Graham (1986). South Africa: No Easy Path to Peace. Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 70–. ISBN 978-0-7102-0848-4.
  9. ^ Szafraniec, Gina (3 April 2011). "Millions Will Watch". The Bloomington Crow. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011. Retrieved 26 January 2013.
  10. ^ "Is the word 'coloured' offensive?". BBC News. 9 November 2006. Retrieved 5 June 2019.
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