Blaschko's lines, also called the lines of Blaschko, named after Alfred Blaschko, are lines of normal cell development in the skin. These lines are invisible under normal conditions. They become apparent when some diseases of the skin or mucosa manifest themselves according to these patterns. They follow a "V" shape over the back, "S" shaped whirls over the chest and sides, and wavy shapes on the head.[1]
The lines are believed to trace the migration of embryonic cells.[2][3] The stripes are a type of genetic mosaicism.[4] They do not correspond to nervous, muscular, or lymphatic systems. The lines can be observed in other animals such as cats and dogs.[5][6]
German dermatologist Alfred Blaschko is credited with the first demonstration of these lines in 1901.[7]
Lesions
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The skin lesions that follow the Blaschko's lines are varied. They include genetic, congenital and acquired (i.e. non-genetic) conditions.[8] Examples include:
- Pigmentary disorders
- Naevus achromicus (including hypomelanosis of Ito)
- Epidermal Naevus
- Nevus sebaceous
- Inflammatory Linear Verrucous Epidermal Nevus
- X-linked genetic skin disorder
- Incontinentia pigmenti
- CHILD syndrome
- XLPDR syndrome
- Acquired inflammatory skin rashes
- Lichen striatus
- lichen planus
- lupus erythematosus
- Chimerism
See also
- Kraissl's lines
- Langer's lines
- List of cutaneous conditions
References
- ^ Brown, Philip M (2002). Transcription. CRC Press. p. 38. ISBN 978-0-415-27200-1.
- ^ Harper, John. Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology. p. 691. ISBN 0-86542-939-1.
- ^ Ruggieri, Martino (2008). Neurocutaneous Disorders: Phakomatoses & Hamartoneoplastic Syndromes. Springer. p. 569. ISBN 978-3-211-21396-4.
- ^ Roach, Ewell S (2004). Neurocutaneous Disorders. Cambridge University Press. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-521-78153-4.
- ^ Muller, George & Kirk, Robert (2001). Muller & Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-7216-7618-0.
- ^ Gross, Thelma Lee (2004). Veterinary Dermatopathology. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 156. ISBN 978-0-632-06452-6.
- ^ Blaschko, Alfred (1901). Die Nervenverteilung in der Haut in ihre Beziehung zu den Erkrankungen der Haut [The distribution of nerves in the skin in their relation to diseases of the skin] (in German). Vienna, Austria & Leipzig, Germany: Wilhelm Braumüller. From p. 41: "Ganz ohne meinen Willen … das ich Ihnen bieten kann." (Quite without my intending it, these stripe-form naevi [i.e., skin lesions] and dermatoses have become the main object of my work: in part this is perhaps because much material was collected especially about this disorder. I don't want to repeat myself, but I would like to refer you, above all, to Plate XVI [on p. 93], [figures] 1 and 2, the diagram of naevus lines, which, if I may say so, represent the quintessence of my work and perhaps is the one essentially new [thing] that I can offer you.) See also p. 15.
- ^ Bolognia JL, Orlow SJ, Glick SA (1994). "Lines of Blaschko". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 31 (2): 157–190. doi:10.1016/S0190-9622(94)70143-1. PMID 8040398.