In geography, the Baer–Babinet law, sometimes called Baer's law,[1] identifies a way in which the process of formation of rivers is influenced by the rotation of the earth. According to the hypothesis, because of the rotation of the earth, erosion occurs mostly on the right banks of rivers in the Northern Hemisphere, and in the Southern Hemisphere on the left banks.[2]
The concept was originally introduced by a French physicist Jacques Babinet in 1859 using mathematical deduction and Coriolis force. A more definitive explanation was given by an Estonian scientist Karl Ernst von Baer in 1860.[1]
Although it is possible that an aggregate measurement of all rivers would lead to a correlation with the Baer–Babinet law, the Coriolis force is orders of magnitude weaker than the local forces on the river channel from its flow. Therefore, this is unlikely to be important in any given river.[3] Albert Einstein wrote a paper in 1926 explaining the true causes of the phenomenon (see tea leaf paradox).[4][5]
See also
- Secondary flow
References
- ^ a b Fairbridge, Rhodes W. (1968). "Baer-babinet law". Geomorphology. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. p. 49. doi:10.1007/3-540-31060-6_22. ISBN 978-3-540-31060-0.
- ^ Goudie, Andrew (2004). "Baer's Law of Stream Deflection". Earth Sciences History. 23 (2): 278–282. doi:10.17704/eshi.23.2.q2345815206m5812.
- ^ Martínez-Frías, J; Hochberg, D; Rull, F (Feb 2006). "A review of the contributions of Albert Einstein to earth sciences—in commemoration of the World Year of Physics". Die Naturwissenschaften. 93 (2): 66–71. arXiv:physics/0512114. Bibcode:2006NW.....93...66M. doi:10.1007/s00114-005-0076-8. PMID 16453104.
- ^ Alpher, R. A. (1960). "Tea Leaves, Baer's Law, and Albert Einstein". American Journal of Physics. 28 (8): 748. Bibcode:1960AmJPh..28..748A. doi:10.1119/1.1935976.
- ^ Bowker, Kent A. (1988). "Albert Einstein and Meandering Rivers". Earth Science History. 1 (1). Retrieved 2016-07-01.
Further reading
- Baer, K. E. v., "Über ein allgemeines Gesetz in der Gestaltung der Flußbetten", Kaspische Studien, 1860, VIII, pp. 1–6.
- Einstein, A., "Die Ursache der Mäanderbildung der Flußläufe und des sogenannten Baerschen Gesetzes", Die Naturwissenschaften, 1926, 11, pp. 223–224.
- Einstein, A., "The Causes of the Formation of Meanders in the Courses of Rivers and of the so-called Baer's Law", translation in Ideas and Opinions, Bonanza Books, 1954.