Ashikaga Yoshiaki 足利 義昭 | |
|---|---|
) | |
| Shōgun | |
| In office 1568–1573 | |
| Monarch | Ōgimachi |
| Preceded by | Ashikaga Yoshihide |
| Succeeded by | Tokugawa Ieyasu |
| Personal details | |
| Born | December 5, 1537 |
| Died | October 19, 1597 (aged 59) |
| Mother | Keiju-in, daughter of Konoe Hisamichi |
| Father | Ashikaga Yoshiharu |
Ashikaga Yoshiaki (足利 義昭, December 5, 1537 – October 19, 1597)[1] was the 15th and final shōgun of the Ashikaga shogunate in Japan who reigned from 1568 to 1573.[2] His father, Ashikaga Yoshiharu, was the twelfth shōgun, and his brother, Ashikaga Yoshiteru, was the thirteenth shōgun.[3]
Biography
The absence of an effective central authority in the capital of Japan had lasted until the warlord Oda Nobunaga's armies entered Kyoto in 1568,[4] re-establishing the Muromachi shogunate under the puppet shōgun Ashikaga Yoshiaki to begin the Azuchi–Momoyama period. Ashikaga Yoshihide, the fourteenth shōgun, was deposed without ever entering the capital. His childhood name was Chitosemaru (千歳丸).
Most historians consider 1573 to have been the year in which the Ashikaga shogunate ended. The power of the Ashikaga was effectively destroyed on August 27, 1573, when Nobunaga drove Yoshiaki out of Kyoto. Yoshiaki became a Buddhist monk, shaving his head and taking the name Sho-san, which he later changed to Rei-o In.[5]
Some note that Yoshiaki did not formally relinquish his empty title; and for this reason, the empty shell of the shogunate could be said to have continued for several more years. Despite a renewed central authority in Kyoto and Nobunaga's attempt to unify the country, the struggle for power among warring states continued. Yoshiaki acted as rallying point for anti-Oda forces. He even raised troops himself, and sent them to fight against Oda Nobunaga's army during the Ishiyama Hongan-ji War.[6] Even after Oda Nobunaga had died in 1582, the former shogun continued his efforts to regain power. According to historian Mary Elizabeth Berry, Yoshiaki still resisted Nobunaga's de facto successor Toyotomi Hideyoshi by 1590.[7]
Family
- Father: Ashikaga Yoshiharu
- Mother: Keijuin (1514–1565)
- Concubines:
- Osako no Kata
- Kosaki no Tsubone
- Children:
- Ashikaga Yoshihiro (1572–1605)
- Isshi Yoshitaka
- Nagayama Yoshiari (1575–1635)
- Yajima Hideyuki
Events of Yoshiaki's bakufu
Significant events shape the period during which Yoshiaki was shōgun:
- 1568 – Oda Nobunaga sets Yoshiaki up as shōgun.[2]
- 1569 – Yoshiaki's Nijō residence is built.[8]
- 1570 – Ikkō monks defeat Oda Nobunaga.[2]
- 1571 – Oda Nobunaga destroys Enryaku-ji.[2]
- 1573 – Takeda Shingen dies; Yoshiaki is deposed.[2]
- 1588 – Yoshiaki officially resigns from his post as shōgun.[9]
Eras of Yoshiaki's bakufu
The span of years in which Yoshiaki was shōgun are more specifically identified by more than one era name or nengō.[10]
- Eiroku (1558–1570)
- Genki (1570–1573)
- Tenshō (1573–1592)
Notes
- ^ "Ashikaga Yoshiaki" in The New Encyclopædia Britannica. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 625.
- ^ a b c d e Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) Lessons from History: The Tokushi Yoron, p. 332.
- ^ Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, pp. 385–389., p. 385, at Google Books
- ^ Sansom, George (1961). A History of Japan, 1334–1615. Stanford University Press. pp. 278–279. ISBN 0804705259.
- ^ Titsingh, p. 389., p. 389, at Google Books
- ^ Berry 1982, p. 63.
- ^ Berry 1982, p. 99.
- ^ Lee Butler, "Castles in Medieval Japan: Before Azuchi", presentation at Association for Asian Studies annual conference, San Diego, March 23, 2013.
- ^ National Diet Library: 国史大系
- ^ Titsingh, pp. 382–405., p. 382, at Google Books
References
- Ackroyd, Joyce. (1982) Lessons from History: the Tokushi Yoron. Brisbane: University of Queensland Press. ISBN 9780702214851; OCLC 7574544
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Ōdai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 585069
- Berry, Mary Elizabeth (1982). Hideyoshi. Cambridge: Harvard UP. ISBN 9780674390256.
| Preceded by Ashikaga Yoshihide | Shōgun: Ashikaga Yoshiaki 1568–1588 | Azuchi–Momoyama period |