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The Anguiped is a kind of divinity that is often found on magical amulets from the Greco-Roman period, and is characterized by having serpents for legs.
Abraxas, the most common kind of Anguiped, is depicted as a creature with the head of a rooster and snakes for legs, symbolism thought to be of Persian origin. Sometimes inscribed below is Iao, a form of the Tetragrammaton – the four letters used to represent the name of the God of Judaism. Such amulets, as well as the usage of the name Iao repeatedly in magical papyri, curse tablets, gems, and other amulets, provide evidence of syncretic cults combining elements of Judaism with paganism. In the Talmud, people who turned away from Judaism to such cults are referred to as minim – often translated as "heretics" or "apostates".[1][2][3]
In Graeco-Roman art, both Typhon and the giants (after around 380 BCE)[4][5][6] are often conventionally depicted as anguipeds. A common religious motif in Roman Germany and eastern Gaul depicts an equestrian Jupiter riding down an anguipedal giant.[7]
References
- ^ Merkelbach & Totti (1990–1992).
- ^ Barrett (2015).
- ^ Nagy (2012).
- ^ Gantz (1996), p. 453.
- ^ Hanfmann (1992), The Oxford Classical Dictionary s.v. "Giants".
- ^ Frazer (1898), pp. 315–316, note to Pausanias 8.29.3 "That the giants have serpents instead of feet".
- ^ Der Römische Weg (2015). "Jupitergigantensäulen – eine gallo-römische Neuschöpfung" (in German).
Further reading
- Barrett, Caitlín E. (2015). "Plaster Perspectives on 'Magical Gems': Rethinking the Meaning of 'Magic'". Cornell Collection of Antiquities. Cornell University Library. Archived from the original on 2015-05-26. by Internet Archive on 26 May 2015.
- Frazer, J. G. (1898). Pausanias's Description of Greece. Translated with a Commentary by J. G. Frazer. Commentary on Books VI-VIII. IV. Macmillan – via Internet Archive.
- Gantz, Timothy (1996). Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources. Johns Hopkins University Press. Two volumes: ISBN 978-0-8018-5360-9 (Vol. 1), ISBN 978-0-8018-5362-3 (Vol. 2).
- Hanfmann, George M. A. (1992). "Giants". In N. G. L. Hammond; Howard Hayes Scullard (eds.). The Oxford Classical Dictionary (second ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-869117-3.
- Merkelbach, Reinhold; Totti, Maria, eds. (1990–1992). Abrasax: Ausgewählte Papyri Religiösen und Magischen Inhalts (in German). Westdeutscher Verlag.
- Nagy, Á.M (2012). "Daktylios pharmakites. Magical Healing Gems and Rings in the Graeco-Roman World". In Csepregi, Ildikó; Burnett, Charles (eds.). Ritual healing: magic, ritual, and medical therapy from antiquity until the early modern period. Firenze: SISMEL edizioni del Galluzzo. ISBN 9788884504432.