Wikipedia

1977 in aviation

Years in aviation: 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980
Centuries: 19th century · 20th century · 21st century
Decades: 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s
Years: 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980

This is a list of aviation-related events from 1977, This is the year of the second-deadliest air disaster in history, the Tenerife airport disaster. Here are the aviation events of 1977:

Events

  • Uganda Airlines begins flight operations.

January

  • East African Airways ceases all operations. It will go into liquidation in February.
  • January 5 – In the Connellan air disaster, Colin Richard Foreman, a disgruntled former employee of Connellan Airways (Connair), steals a Beechcraft Baron 58 and crashes it into a building in the Connair complex at Alice Springs Airport at Alice Springs, Australia, killing himself and four people on the ground and injuring four others.
  • January 6 – Natalie "Dolly" Sinatra, the mother of singer Frank Sinatra, and all three other people on board die when their Gates Learjet 24 never changes course after takeoff from Palm Springs Municipal Airport in Palm Springs, California, and crashes into a 10,000-foot (3,048-meter) ridge in the eastern portion of the San Gorgonio Wilderness.[1]
  • January 11 – A hijacker claiming to have a hand grenade commandeers Trans World Airlines Flight 700 – a Boeing 747 with 349 people on board flying from New York City′s John F. Kennedy International Airport to London′s Heathrow Airport – demanding to be flown to Uganda. The airliner lands at Heathrow where, after several hours of negotiations, security forces take down the hijacker when he becomes violent.[2]
  • January 13 – After a fire breaks out in the No. 1 engine of an Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-104A (registration CCCP-42369) on approach to Alma-Ata Airport in Alma-Ata in the Soviet Union's Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, the Tu-104A begins orbiting the airport to burn off fuel. The fire spreads to a fuel tank, causing the fuel tank to explode at an altitude of 300 meters (984 feet). The airliner crashes 3.5 kilometers (2.2 miles) from the airport, killing all 96 people on board. It is the deadliest aviation accident in the history of Kazakhstan at the time.[3]
  • January 14 – On approach to Terrace Airport outside Terrace, British Columbia, Canada, during a snowstorm, a Northern Thunderbird Air de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter 300 (registration C-GNTB) strikes a hill and crashes 3 kilometers (1.9 miles) south of the airport, killing all 12 people on board.[4]
  • January 15 – Linjeflyg Flight 618, a Vickers Viscount 838 operated by Linjeflyg, crashes in Kälvesta, Sweden, just outside Stockholm, killing all 22 on board.
  • January 18 – Prime Minister of Yugoslavia Džemal Bijedić and all six others on board are killed when their Gates Learjet 25 crashes into a mountain near Kreševo, Yugoslavia, during a snowstorm.[1]
  • January 19 – On approach to Valencia Airport outside Valencia, Spain, an Ejército del Aire CASA C-207C Azor (registration T.7-15) crashes into the side of a mountain near Chiva, killing all 11 people on board.[5]
  • January 20 – A new passenger terminal, Passenger Terminal 1, opens at Rio de Janeiro–Galeão International Airport in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and all civilian passenger traffic transfers to it. At the time, all major international flights to and from Brazil use the terminal.
  • January 22 – Kenya Airways is founded. It will begin flight operations on February 4.

February

March

  • March 1 – During its initial climb after takeoff from Aden International Airport in Aden South Yemen, an Alyemda Douglas C-47A-25-DK Skytrain (registration 7O-ABF) crashes into the Gulf of Aden, killing all 19 people on board.[9]
  • March 3 – Flying in fog, an Italian Air Force Lockheed C-130H Hercules (registration MM61996) crashes into Monte Serra 16 kilometers (10 miles) east of Arturo dell'Oro Air Base in Pisa, Italy, killing all 44 people on board.[10]
  • March 11 – Air Tanzania is founded as the flag carrier of Tanzania. It will commence flight operations on June 1.
  • March 14 – An Italian man hijacks an Iberia Boeing 727-256 with 37 people on board during a domestic flight in Spain from Barcelona to Palma on Mallorca in the Balearic Islands, demanding to be flown to Ivory Coast to see his 3-year-old daughter and to Italy to see his 6-year-old daughter. Over the next two days, the airliner makes stops at Algiers in Algeria, Abidjan in Ivory Coast, Seville in Spain, Turin in Italy, Zürich in Switzerland, and Warsaw in Poland before returning to Zürich, where policemen dressed as airline crew members arrest him on March 16.[11]
  • March 17
    • A hijacker commandeers an All Nippon Airways Boeing 727-281 during a domestic flight in Japan from Sapporo to Sendai. The airliner diverts to Hakodate, Japan, where the hijacker surrenders.[12]
    • A hijacker commandeers an All Nippon Airways Boeing 727-281 during a domestic flight in Japan from Tokyo′s Haneda Airport to Sendai. The airliner returns to Tokyo, where the hijacker commits suicide.[13]
  • March 19
  • March 27 – The Tenerife airport disaster takes place: Attempting to take off in fog from Los Rodeos Airport (now Tenerife North Airport) at Tenerife in the Canary Islands, the KLM Boeing 747-206B Rijn, operating as Flight 4805, collides with the Pan American World Airways Boeing 747-121 Clipper Victor, operating as Flight 1736, which is taxiing across the runway. All 248 people aboard the KLM aircraft die, as do 335 of the 396 people aboard the Pan Am plane; all 61 Pan Am survivors are injured. American pin-up model, motion picture actress, and film producer Eve Meyer is among the dead on the Pan Am flight.[1] With a combined total of 583 people killed, the crash remained the worst air disaster in history until September 2001.
  • March 30 – Attempting a go-around after encountering fog while attempting to land at Zhdanov Airport in Zhdanov in the Soviet Union's Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, an Aeroflot Yakovlev Yak-40 (registration CCCP-87738), strikes a 9-meter (29.5-foot) pole with its wing, crashes 1.5 kilometers (0.9 mile) from the airport, and catches fire, killing eight of the 27 people on board.[15]
  • March 31 – The captain of a Douglas C-47 military transport plane operated by Swift Air Lines, a commercial airline in the southern Philippines, opens fire in the cabin of the plane with an M16 rifle. The plane carried 34 Philippines soldiers on a charter flight from Zamboanga City, Philippines to Sanga-Sanga Airport on the island of Tawi-Tawi. The pilot, Ernesto Agdulos, grabbed the rifle left in the cockpit, then opened fire, killing six of the soldiers and a flight stewardess, and wounding nine others.[16] After the pilot was disarmed and detained, the co-pilot landed the plane safely. The pilot initially claimed to have no memory of the incident.[17] He later admitted that robbery was his motive.[18]

April

May

  • British Airways pilots fly three Cyprus Airways airliners – two Hawker Siddeley Tridents and a BAC One-Eleven – out of Nicosia International Airport on Cyprus to the United Kingdom; the planes had been stranded at Nicosia International since the permanent closure of airport during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in July 1974. No test flights precede these flights because Turkey does not permit any. A third Cyprus Airways Trident is left derelict at the abandoned airport, too badly damaged by small arms fire during the fighting in July 1974 to be worth repairing.
  • May 2
    • After an Iberia Boeing 727 arriving from Madrid, Spain, lands at Rome′s Leonardo da Vinci–Fiumicino Airport, a Libyan man being deported from Spain who wants to return to Spain to see his fiancée threatens the flight crew with a knife and demands that the plane fly him back to Madrid immediately. He allows all the other passengers to disembark. While the airliner is still on the ground at Rome, one of the pilots disables the hijacker by activating a fire extinguisher, and the hijacker is overpowered and arrested.[24]
    • American automotive executive Ed Cole dies in the crash near Mendon, Michigan, of the Beagle B.206S2 he is piloting after he flies into a storm.[1]
  • May 8 – One hour after takeoff, 26-year-old Bruce Trayer holds a razor to a flight attendant′s neck and demands access to the cockpit of Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 22 – a Boeing 747 with 262 people on board bound from Tokyo′s Haneda Airport to Honolulu, Hawaii – where he demands to be flown to Moscow. A male flight attendant hits Trayer over the head with the cockpit crash axe, after which Trayer is overpowered. United States Air Force Air Police officers aboard the plane as passengers restrain Trayer, and the airliner returns to Tokyo, where Japanese authorities arrest him.[25][26]
  • May 10 – An Israeli Air Force Sikorsky CH-53 Sea Stallion helicopter crashes in the Jordan Valley during a military exercise, killing all 54 people on board.
  • May 14 – A Boeing 707-321C cargo aircraft operated by Dan Air Services Limited crashes during itsapproach to Lusaka Airport, Zambia. All six occupants of the aircraft were killed.
  • May 15 – At the Biggin Hill Air Show in Biggin Hill, London, England, a sightseeing helicopter strikes the underside of a de Havilland Tiger Moth biplane at an altitude of 200 feet (61 meters), shearing off the Tiger Moth's landing gear. The Tiger Moth lands safely with no injuries to the two people aboard. Aboard the helicopter, five people die and one is injured.
  • May 16 – Motion picture director Michael Findlay and two other passengers are instantly slashed to death by the rotors of a New York Airways Sikorsky S-61L helicopter after its landing gear collapses while they are boarding it on the roof of the Pan Am Building in New York City; another passenger boarding the helicopter is seriously injured and soon dies as well.[1] The rotors detach and disintegrate, and a woman walking on the street below is killed by falling debris. The accident prompts the closure of the rooftop heliport.[27]
  • May 26 – A hijacker forces an Aeroflot Antonov An-24B with 23 people on board making a domestic flight in the Soviet Union from Donetsk to Riga to divert to Stockholm, Sweden. The hijacker surrenders at Stockholm.[28]
  • May 27 – Aeroflot Flight 331, an Ilyushin Il-62M, strikes power lines in bad weather and crashes 1 km (0.62 mile) from José Martí International Airport at Havana, Cuba, while on final approach, killing 68 of the 70 people on board and one person on the ground.
  • May 29 – The keel of the first aircraft carrier to be built in Spain, Principe de Asturias, is laid at Ferrol.
  • May 31 – The Vietnam People's Air Force is separated from the Vietnamese Air Defense Force.

June

July

  • July 5 – Four passengers hijack a Ladeco Boeing 727-78 (registration CC-CFG) shortly after it takes off from Arica, Chile, for a domestic flight to Santiago. The plane refuels at Lima, Peru, then flies them to Havana, Cuba.[37]
  • July 8 – Six hijackers commandeer a Kuwait Airways Boeing 707 during a flight from Beirut, Lebanon, to Kuwait City, Kuwait, and force it to fly to Damascus, Syria, where they surrender to the authorities.[38]
  • July 10 – Two hijackers take control of an Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-134 (registration CCCP-65639) during a domestic flight in the Soviet Union from Petrozavodsk to Leningrad and force it to fly to Helsinki, Finland, where they surrender to the authorities.[39]
  • July 14 – UNITA rebels shoot down a People's Air Force of Angola Antonov An-26 near Cuangar, Angola, killing all 30 people on board.[40]
  • July 20 – Attempting to take off from Vitim Airport in Vitim in the Soviet Union's Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic on a wet runway with a tailwind, Aeroflot Flight B-2, an Avia 14M (registration CCCP-52096), strikes a fence and trees before crashing into a forest 500 meters (1,640 feet) north-northwest of the airport, killing 39 of the 40 people on board.[41]
  • July 21 – The Libyan-Egyptian War begins. Egyptian Air Force planes shoot down two Libyan Arab Republic Air Force aircraft.
  • July 22 – The Egyptian Air Force makes a full-scale attack on a major Libyan Arab Republic Air Force base at El Adem, reportedly killing three Soviet military advisers.[42]
  • July 23 - After threats of shutting down transatlantic air traffic, the U.S. and British governments reach the Bermuda II accord, giving British airlines additional ports of entry in the United States and removing American airlines' rights to carry passengers beyond London and Hong Kong.
  • July 23–24 – Further Egyptian Air Force attacks destroy large numbers of Libyan aircraft before a ceasefire ends the war. Egypt admits the loss of two planes during the last two days of the war.[42]
  • July 24 – Attempting a night landing in heavy rain at El Tepual Airport in Puerto Montt, Chile, a Chilean Air Force Douglas DC-6B crashes into a swamp and bursts into flames, killing 38 of the 82 people on board.[43]
  • July 25 – A Honduran Air Force Douglas C-47-DL Skytrain suffers the failure of its No. 1 engine and crashes in mountainous terrain near Yoro, Honduras, killing 25 of the 40 people on board.[44]

August

  • August 1 – Francis Gary Powers – the American U-2 pilot shot down over the Soviet Union in 1960 and held captive there until 1962 – dies when the KNBC television news Bell 206 Jet Ranger helicopter he is piloting runs out of fuel and crashes in the Sepulveda Dam Recreation Area in Los Angeles, California.
  • August 12
  • August 20 – A hijacker takes control of Western Airlines Flight 550 – a Boeing 707 with 31 people on board flying from San Diego, California, to Denver, Colorado – and demands to be flown to Mexico. The airliner lands at Salt Lake City, Utah, where the hijacker surrenders.[46]
  • August 23 – Piloted by racing cyclist Bryan Allen, the Gossamer Condor becomes the first human-powered aeroplane to make a fully controlled flight, flying a 1.35-mile (2.17-km) figure-eight course around two pylons 0.8 km (0.5 mile) apart at Shafter, California, to demonstrate sustained, controlled flight. The flight wins its designer, Dr. Paul McCready, the £50,000 Kremer Prize.[47][48]
  • August 31 – Soviet test pilot Alexander V. Fedotov zoom climbs the Mikoyan-Gurevich Ye-266 – a modified Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-25RB (NATO reporting name "Foxbat") – to attain an altitude of 123,524 feet (37,650 meters) briefly, setting a new world altitude record for air-breathing aircraft.[49]

September

October

  • October 11 – Two hijackers commandeer a CSA Czech Airlines Yakovlev Yak-40 during a domestic flight in Czechoslovakia from Karlovy Vary to Prague and force it to fly to Frankfurt-am-Main, West Germany, where they surrender to the authorities.[57]
  • October 13 – Four members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine calling themselves the "Commando Martyr Halime" hijack Lufthansa Flight 181 – the Boeing 737-230 Adv Landshut, with 91 other people on board – over the Mediterranean Sea south of France. The aircraft lands first at Rome, Italy, for refueling, then at Larnaca, Cyprus, and then early on October 14 at Bahrain. On October 17 it flies to Aden, South Yemen, where the terrorist leader murders the aircraft's captain, and then on to Mogadishu, Somalia. There, in Operation Feuerzauber ("Fire Magic"), the West German counterterrorism unit GSG 9 storms the plane on October 18 and frees the hostages, killing three of the hijackers and wounding and capturing the fourth.
  • October 17
  • October 18 – Hijackers aboard a LOT Polish Airlines Antonov An-24B (registration SP-LTH) making a domestic flight in Poland from Katowice to Poland demand to be flown to Austria but are taken down.[59]
  • October 20
    • A chartered Convair CV-240 carrying 26 people including members of the rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd runs out of fuel and crashes in a forest at Gillsburg, Mississippi. Among the six dead are band members Ronnie Van Zant, Steve Gaines, and Cassie Gaines, and a manager for the band, and the rest of the band members are injured.[1]
    • Free on bail after an arrest for a September bank robbery, 29-year-old Thomas Michael Hannan draws a gun aboard Frontier Airlines Flight 101, a Boeing 737-200 boarding during the early morning at Grand Rapids, Michigan, for a flight to Lincoln, Nebraska. He orders it to fly to Atlanta, Georgia, and demands the release from jail in Atlanta of his homosexual partner and co-defendant in the bank robbery, George David Stewart, as well as US$3 million, two parachutes, two machine guns, two .45-caliber pistols, and other weapons. The airliner takes off with 30 of its passengers and four crew members aboard. When it stops to refuel in Kansas City, Missouri, authorities tell Hannan it will not be allowed to take off again, but they relent after he releases the 15 women and children aboard as passengers, leaving 11 male passengers, two stewardesses, the pilot, and the copilot aboard as hostages. The plane arrives at Atlanta just after noon. During lengthy negotiations at Hartsfield International Airport in Atlanta, Stewart is brought from Fulton County Jail to plead with Hannan to surrender. During the afternoon, Hannan releases the two stewardesses, and he allows the 11 remaining passengers – one of them an old high school friend of his who helped negotiate the release of the hostages – to disembark during the evening. With only the pilot and copilot left aboard with Hannan, Hannan's lawyer in the bank robbery case boards the airliner to talk with him, and during the conversation, Hannan sits down and shoots himself to death.[60][61]
  • October 26–31 – A Pan American World Airways Boeing 747SP circumnavigates the world over the two poles.
  • October 28 – Four passengers hijack a Vietnam Airlines Douglas DC-3 (registration VN-C509) with 36 people on board making a domestic flight in Vietnam from Ho Chi Minh City to Phú Quốc and demand to be flown to Singapore. A struggle ensues during which two Vietnamese officials are killed. The airliner stops at U-Tapao Air Base in Thailand to refuel, then proceeds to Singapore, where it lands at Seletar Airport.[62]
  • October 31 – The first British all-female airline flight crew makes the inaugural British Air Ferries service from Southend to Düsseldorf with Handley Page Dart Herald G-BDFE. The crew comprises Captain Caroline Frost, First Officer Lesley Hardym and stewardesses Liz Howard and Hildegard Donbavand.

November

December

First flights

January

February

May

June

  • June 27 - CASA C.101 Aviojet

July

August

September

  • September 5 – Aérospatiale SA 331, prototype of the Aérospatiale SA 332 Super Puma[71]

October

November

December

Entered service

September

November

  • Beechcraft T-34C Turbo-Mentor with United States Navy Naval Air Training Command[74]
  • November 1 – Tupolev Tu-144

Retirements

June

December

  • December 20- Boeing B-47 Stratojet-an EB-47E on indefinite loan to the United States Navy made the last operational flight of a stratojet.

See also

References

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