| 1870 in the United Kingdom |
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Events from the year 1870 in the United Kingdom.
Incumbents
- Monarch – Victoria
- Prime Minister – William Ewart Gladstone (Liberal)
- Parliament – 20th
Events
- 28 January – General Post Office takes over business of private telegraph companies.[1]
- 5 March – first ever (unofficial) international football match, England v Scotland, takes place under the approval of the Football Association at The Oval, London.
- 10 May – Jem Mace wins the boxing championship of the world, defeating fellow Englishman Tom Allen at Kenner, near New Orleans.[2]
- 19 May – the Home Government Association is established in Ireland by Isaac Butt to argue for devolution for Ireland and repeal of the Act of Union 1800.[3]
- late Spring – Army Enlistment (Short Service) Act allows reduction in length of enlistment to the British Army as part of the Cardwell Reforms.[4]
- 2 June – competitive examination for entry to the British civil service introduced.[5]
- 8 June – the final splice to the first telegraph submarine cable to India is made off Porthcurno, Cornwall.
- 23 June – Keble College, Oxford, opens, the first new college of the University of Oxford in more than a century.
- 2 August – official opening of the Tower Subway beneath the River Thames in London, the world's first underground passenger "tube" railway.[6] Although this lasts as a railway operation only until November, it demonstrates the technologically successful first use of the cylindrical wrought iron tunnelling shield devised by Peter W. Barlow and James Henry Greathead.[7]
- 4 August – British Red Cross established as the British National Society for Aid to the Sick and Wounded in War by Lord Wantage.[6]
- 9 August
- Elementary Education Act 1870 drafted by William Edward Forster MP encourages elementary education by creating a system of secular School boards in England and Wales at whose schools attendance may be compulsory.[3][6] Women are eligible to stand and vote for local school boards where created.
- Married Women's Property Act confirms that wives may own property of their own.[5]
- 1 October – postcards and halfpenny postage stamps introduced by the Post Office.[6]
- Undated – the David Greig grocery chain begins with a store in London.
Publications
- 1 January – The Northern Echo newspaper launched in Darlington.
- April–September – serialisation of Charles Dickens' novel The Mystery of Edwin Drood, only half complete due to his death on 9 June.
- Edward Jenkins' satire Ginx's Baby: his birth and other misfortunes.
- William Robinson's gardening book The Wild Garden.
- Dante Gabriel Rossetti's Poems,[8] exhumed from Elizabeth Siddal's grave.
Births
- 5 February – C. E. Brock, painter and illustrator (died 1938)
- 7 January – Gordon Hewart, 1st Viscount Hewart, English judge and politician, 7th Lord Chief Justice of England (died 1943)
- 12 February – Marie Lloyd, music-hall singer (died 1922)
- 4 March – Thomas Sturge Moore, poet, author and artist (died 1944)
- 17 March – Horace Donisthorpe, entomologist (died 1951)
- 9 May – Harry Vardon, golfer (died 1937)
- 4 August – Harry Lauder, Scottish entertainer (died 1950)
- 11 August – Tom Richardson, cricketer (died 1912)
- 12 August – Hubert Gough, general (died 1963)
- 22 August – Bertram Fletcher Robinson, journalist, editor and author (died 1907)
- 21 October – Horace Hood, admiral (killed in action 1916)
- 22 October – Lord Alfred Douglas, minor Uranian poet best remembered as a lover of writer Oscar Wilde (died 1945)
- 30 October – Lawrence Grant, film actor (died 1952 in the United States)
- 18 November – P. Morley Horder, architect (died 1944)
- 18 December – Saki (H. H. Munro), short-story writer (killed in action 1916)
- Doncaster, racehorse (died 1892)
Deaths
- 2 January – Ignatius Bonomi, architect and surveyor (born 1787)
- 20 January – Sir George Seymour, admiral of the fleet (born 1787)
- 25 January – Janet Taylor, mathematician and navigational instrument maker (born 1804)
- 25 April – Daniel Maclise, historical painter (born 1806)
- 6 May – Sir James Young Simpson, physician and researcher (born 1811)
- 17 May – David Octavius Hill, Scottish painter and pioneer photographer (born 1802)
- 24 April – Louisa Stuart Costello, miniature-painter, poet, historical novelist and travel writer (born 1799)
- 9 June – Charles Dickens, novelist (born 1812)
- 12 September – Eleanora Atherton, philanthropist in Manchester (born 1782)
- 6 October – James Giles, painter (born 1801)
- 21 October – Charles George James Arbuthnot, general (born 1801)
- 9 December – Patrick MacDowell, sculptor (born 1799)
- 28 December – Philip Hardwick, architect (born 1792)
See also
- 1870 in Scotland
References
- ^ Blake, Richard. The Book of Postal Dates, 1635–1985. Caterham: Marden. p. 15.
- ^ Mace, Ralph. "Jem Mace, Champion of the World". Retrieved 9 August 2010.
- ^ a b Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 422–423. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Ensor, R.C.K. (1936). 14, "England 1870–1914". The Oxford History of England. Oxford University Press. p. 16.
- ^ a b Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 291–292. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ a b c d Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ Smith, Denis (2001). Civil Engineering Heritage: London and the Thames Valley. Thomas Telford. pp. 22–23. ISBN 0-7277-2876-8.
- ^ Cox, Michael, ed. (2004). The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860634-6.