The name Publius Cornelius Scipio was regularly, though not always, given by the Scipio branch of the gens Cornelia to the eldest son in each generation. At first most of the Scipios who became consuls were not named Publius, probably because the eldest son rarely survived to adulthood. The first Scipio to become consul was named Lucius, the first to become censor was also Lucius. The first Publius to become consul was Scipio Africanus's father. At least eleven men bearing this name have been identified in Livy and Polybius, of whom eight men were consuls (and a ninth consular tribune at a time when there were no consuls). Of the eight men, three were censors. Of these three, two were famous generals. Two of the men, father and son, became Pontifex Maximus successively.
- Publius Cornelius Scipio (consular tribune 395 BC) was the first Scipio to be named in Livy. He was Master of the Horse to Marcus Furius Camillus.
- Publius Cornelius Scipio Asina was consul in 221 BC.
- Publius Cornelius Scipio (consul 218 BC) was married to Pomponia, a daughter of Manius Pomponius Matho, by whom he had at least two sons.
- Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus, known simply as Scipio Africanus, the general who defeated Hannibal of Carthage at Zama, was the elder son of Publius Cornelius Scipio (consul 218 BC).
- Publius Cornelius Scipio (son of Scipio Africanus), eldest son of Scipio Africanus, and adoptive father of Scipio Aemilianus. He was also a historian.
- Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica (consul 191 BC) was a cousin of Africanus and the son of Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus.
- Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum (consul 162 and 155 BC, censor 159 BC, Pontifex Maximus and princeps senatus) was the son of Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica. He married Cornelia, the eldest daughter of Scipio Africanus.
- Publius Cornelius Scipio (Flamen Dialis 174 BC), son of Publius Cornelius Scipio the historian, and grandson of Scipio Africanus. He died young c. 169 BC.
- Publius Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus Africanus Numantinus, simply known as Scipio Aemilianus, or Scipio the Younger, was the adoptive son of Publius Cornelius Scipio (the son of Scipio Africanus). His natural father was the famous L. Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus.
- Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio (consul 138 BC and Pontifex Maximus) was the son of Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Corculum and grandson maternally of Scipio Africanus.
- Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica (consul 111 BC), son of the previous, was married to Caecilia, daughter of Quintus Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus.
- Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica (praetor 94 BC) was the son of Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica Serapio. He was married to Licinia, younger daughter of Lucius Licinius Crassus.
- Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica (d. 46 BC), was the son of Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica (praetor), named Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica prior to his adoption and referred to by Cicero as "P. Scipio"
- Publius Cornelius Scipio Salvito (consul 35 BC) was a former husband of Scribonia whose connection to Quintus Caecilius Metellus Pius Scipio Nasica is not clear
- Publius Cornelius Scipio (consul 16 BC) was the son of Publius Cornelius Scipio Salvito.