Negro American League

The Negro American League was one of the several Negro leagues created during the time organized American baseball was segregated. The league was established in 1937, and disbanded after its 1962 season.

Negro American League franchises

Annual final standings: 1937, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1947, 1948

• Birmingham Black Barons (1937–1938; 1940–1962)
• Chicago American Giants (1937–1952)
• Cincinnati Tigers (1937)
• Detroit Stars (III) (1937)
• Indianapolis Athletics (1937)
• Kansas City Monarchs (1937–1962)
• Memphis Red Sox (1937–1959)
• St. Louis Stars (II) (1937)
• Atlanta Black Crackers (1938) / Indianapolis ABCs (IV) (1939)
• Jacksonville Red Caps (1938; 1941–1942) / Cleveland Bears (1939–1940)
• Indianapolis ABCs (III) (1938) / St. Louis Stars (III) (1939) / New Orleans–St. Louis Stars (1940–1941)
• Toledo Crawfords (1939) / Indianapolis Crawfords (1940)
• Cincinnati-Cleveland Buckeyes (1942) / Cleveland Buckeyes (1943–1948; 1950) / Louisville Buckeyes (1949)
• Cincinnati Clowns (1943) / Cincinnati–Indianapolis Clowns (1944–1945) / Indianapolis Clowns (1946–1954)
• Baltimore Elite Giants (1949–1951) from the Negro National League
• Houston Eagles (formerly Newark Eagles) (1949–1950) / New Orleans Eagles (1951) from the Negro National League
• New York Cubans (1949–1950) from the Negro National League
• Philadelphia Stars (1949–1952) from the Negro National League
• Detroit Stars (1954–1957; 1959) / Detroit Clowns (1958) / Detroit–New Orleans Stars (1960)
• Louisville Clippers (1954)
• Raleigh Tigers (1959–1962)
• New Orleans Crescent Stars (1957)
• Mobile Havana Cuban Giants (1957)
• Newark Indians (1959)

Member timeline

Major league prior to 1950; minor league after 1950.

• 1937: Formation of NAL consisting of 8 teams — Birmingham Black Barons, Chicago American Giants, Cincinnati Tigers, Detroit Stars (III), Indianapolis Athletics, Kansas City Monarchs, Memphis Red Sox and St. Louis Stars (II).
• 1938: Dropped Cincinnati Tigers, Detroit Stars (III), Indianapolis Athletics and St. Louis Stars (II); Added Atlanta Black Crackers, Indianapolis ABCs (II) and Jacksonville Red Caps.
• 1939: Dropped Birmingham Black Barons; Added Toledo Crawfords.
• 1940: Dropped Indianapolis ABCs (IV); Re-added Birmingham Black Barons.
• 1941: Dropped Indianapolis Crawfords.
• 1942: Dropped St. Louis–New Orleans Stars (merged with New York Black Yankees); Added Cincinnati-Cleveland Buckeyes.
• 1943: Dropped Jacksonville Red Caps; Added Cincinnati Clowns.
• 1948: Standings and statistics were lightly reported in print starting around 1948.

League champions

Pennant winners

From 1939 through 1942 and 1944 through 1947, the team in first place at the end of the season was declared the Pennant winner. Due to the unorthodox nature of the schedule (and little incentive to enforce it), some teams frequently played many more games than others did in any given season. This led to some disputed championships and two teams claiming the title. Generally, the team with the best winning percentage (with some minimum number of games played) was awarded the Pennant, but other times it was the team with the most victories. The "games behind" method of recording standings was uncommon in most black leagues.

• 1937 Kansas City Monarchs†, Monarchs awarded first-half championship but Chicago American Giants had better record and disputed it, no second half of the season was recorded and Kansas City was awarded the Pennant.
• 1938 Memphis Red Sox†
• 1939 Kansas City Monarchs
• 1940 Kansas City Monarchs
• 1941 Kansas City Monarchs
• 1942 Kansas City Monarchs‡
• 1943 Birmingham Black Barons†‡
• 1944 Birmingham Black Barons‡
• 1945 Cleveland Buckeyes‡
• 1946 Kansas City Monarchs‡
• 1947 Cleveland Buckeyes‡
• 1948 Birmingham Black Barons†‡

† – Pennant was decided via a split-season schedule with the winner of the first half of the season playing the winner of the second half of the season.
‡ – Pennant winner went on to play in the Negro World Series.

Post-integration champions

• 1949 Baltimore Elite Giants
• 1950 Indianapolis Clowns
• 1951 Indianapolis Clowns
• 1952 Indianapolis Clowns
• 1953 Kansas City Monarchs
• 1954 Indianapolis Clowns
• 1955 Birmingham Black Barons (first half); Detroit Stars (second half)†
• 1956 Detroit Stars
• 1957 Kansas City Monarchs

† – Pennant was decided via a split-season schedule with the winner of the first half of the season playing the winner of the second half of the season.

League play-offs

From 1937 through 1938, and again in 1943 and 1948, the NAL split the season into two halves. The winner of the first half played the winner of the second half for the league Pennant. As mentioned above, disputes also occurred in the split season finishes.

• 1937 – Kansas City Monarchs (first half champions), second half not documented
• 1938 – Memphis Red Sox (1st half) over Atlanta Black Crackers (2nd half), contested play-off declared "no contest" after Memphis up 2 games to 0 games
• 1943 – Birmingham Black Barons (one half) beat Chicago American Giants (one half), 3 games to 2 games
• 1948 – Birmingham Black Barons (1st half) beat Kansas City Monarchs (2nd half), 3 games to 1 game

Negro World Series

For the duration of the league, a Negro World Series took place seven times, from 1942 through 1948. The NAL Pennant winner met the champion of the rival Negro National League. Five out of the seven years, the Negro American League team (below in bold) succumbed.

• 1942 – Kansas City Monarchs beat Washington Homestead Grays, 4 games to 0 games
• 1943 – Washington Homestead Grays beat Birmingham Black Barons, 4 games to 3 games
• 1944 – Washington Homestead Grays beat Birmingham Black Barons, 4 games to 1 game
• 1945 – Cleveland Buckeyes beat Washington Homestead Grays, 4 games to 0 games
• 1946 – Newark Eagles beat Kansas City Monarchs, 4 games to 3 games
• 1947 – New York Cubans beat Cleveland Buckeyes, 4 games to 1 game
• 1948 – Washington Homestead Grays beat Birmingham Black Barons, 4 games to 1 game

References

• Holway, John B. (2001), The Complete Book of Baseball's Negro Leagues: The Other Half of Baseball History, Fern Park, FL: Hastings House, ISBN 0-8038-2007-0