Wikipedia

List of professional sports team owners

This is a list of individuals, groups of individuals, and companies who have owned and operated a professional sports organization. The list is organized first by sport, then by franchise or team, then by owner. If an organization has gone through a significant change (e.g. the team has moved and/or changed names), that information is noted after the years of ownership.

Association football club owners

England

Premier League owners

Arsenal
  • Stan Kroenke
Aston Villa
  • Owned by a large number of shareholders until 1968. Since that time:
  • Doug Ellis (largest single shareholder 1968–1975; majority shareholder 1982–2006)
  • Randy Lerner (2006–2016)
  • Recon Sports Limited (2016–2019)
  • NSWE Group (a company owned by Wes Edens and Nassef Sawiris) (2019–Present)
Chelsea
Everton
Liverpool
Manchester City
  • Manchester City Limited — The club's holding company; owned by a large number of shareholders until 2007 (see Ownership of Manchester City F.C.). Since then, the holding company has been owned by:
Manchester United
  • Manchester United plc (NYSE : MANU) – The club's holding company, owned by shareholders. The primary owner is:
  • Avram and Joel Glazer (brothers who are co-chairmen, 2014–present)
Newcastle United
Tottenham Hotspur
  • Daniel Levy
West Ham United
  • Terry Brown (??–2006)
  • Björgólfur Guðmundsson (90%), Eggert Magnússon (5%), and other minority investors (2006–2007)
  • Björgólfur Guðmundsson (2007–2009)
  • CB Holding (formerly 70% owned by Straumur Investment Bank and 30% owned by Byr and MP banks; now nationalised by the Icelandic government) (100% 2009–2010; no more than 50% 2010–present)
  • David Gold and David Sullivan (50% and operational control, 2010–present)

EFL Championship owners

Fulham
  • Shahid Khan
Middlesbrough
  • Steve Gibson (1986–1993 as head of consortium; 1993–present as majority owner)
Reading
Wigan Athletic

EFL League One owners

Sunderland

Italian Serie A owners

Spain

La Liga owners

Athletic Bilbao, Osasuna, Barcelona and Real Madrid: these four clubs are not organised as limited companies, but remain as registered associations due to a grandfather clause of the late 1980s. Unlike a limited company, it is not possible to purchase shares in these club, but only membership. Each club member (socio) has a vote to elect democratically the club president and board of directors. The club president cannot invest his own money into the club and the club can only spend what it earns, which is mainly derived through merchandise sales, television rights and ticket sales. This means that each club is owned by its own registered supporters. FC Barcelona has over 150.000 socios, Real Madrid counts over 100.000 socios, Athletic Club over 40.000 and Osasuna over 15.000.

Atlético Madrid: major shareholders are the Gil Marin family which owns 50% of the shares, these used to belong to former club president Jesús Gil y Gil; israeli businessman Idan Ofer, 33%; current president Enrique Cerezo 10% and the chinese Wanda Group a 2%.

Eibar: more than 11.130 shareholders located across 65 countries due to a crowdfunding campaign in 2014. There is no major shareholder with an owenership over 5%.

Real Sociedad: Due to club's statutes no shareholder has vote rights over 2% of the shares.

France

Ligue 1 owners

Bordeaux
  • Groupe M6
Guingamp
  • Noël Le Graët
Lille
  • Gérard Lopez
Lorient
  • Loïc Féry
Lyon
Marseille
Monaco
  • Dmitry Rybolovlev
Montpellier
  • Louis Nicollin
Paris Saint-Germain
  • Qatar Investment Authority
Nantes
  • Waldemar Kita
Rennes
Toulouse
  • Olivier Sadran

USA / Canada

Major League Soccer (MLS) owners

Austin FC
  • Anthony Precourt (Precourt Sports Ventures) – (2018–present)
Atlanta United FC
Chicago Fire FC
Colorado Rapids
Columbus Crew SC
  • Lamar Hunt – (1995–2006)
  • Clark Hunt – (2006–2013)
  • Anthony Precourt (Precourt Sports Ventures LLC) – (2013–2018)
  • Dee Haslam, Jimmy Haslam, JW and Whitney Johnson, Dr. Pete Edwards – (2019–present)
D.C. United
FC Cincinnati
  • Carl Lindner III – (2018–present)
FC Dallas
Houston Dynamo FC
Inter Miami CF
Los Angeles FC
  • Peter Guber (Executive Chairman), Henry Nguyen, Tom Penn, Ruben Gnanalingam, Vincent Tan, Brandon Beck, Larry Berg, Will Ferrell, Nomar Garciaparra, Mia Hamm, Chad Hurley, Magic Johnson, Tucker Kain, Kirk Lacob, Mark Leschly, Mike Mahan, Irwin Raij, Tony Robbins, Lon Rosen, Bennett Rosenthal, Paul Schaeffer, Brandon Schneider, Mark Shapiro, Allen Shapiro, Jason Sugarman, Harry Tsao – (2014–present)
LA Galaxy
Minnesota United FC
CF Montréal
Nashville SC
  • John Ingram, Mark Wilf, Zygi Wilf, Leonard Wilf, David Dill, Marcus Whitney, Christopher Redhage – (2017–present)
New England Revolution
New York City FC
  • City Football Group (majority) & Yankee Global Enterprises (minority) – (2013–present)
New York Red Bulls
Orlando City SC
  • Flávio Augusto da Silva – (2013–present)
Philadelphia Union
  • Keystone Sports & Entertainment, LLC – (2008–present)
    • Kevin Durant joined the ownership group as a minority investor in 2020.
Portland Timbers
Real Salt Lake
  • Dave Checketts (SCP Worldwide) – (2004–12)
  • Dell Loy Hansen – (2012–present; put team up for sale in 2020)
San Jose Earthquakes
Seattle Sounders FC
  • Joe Roth (majority), Adrian Hanauer, Estate of Paul Allen and Drew Carey (minority) – (2007–2019)
  • Hanauer Fútbol (Adrian Hanauer, Paul Barry, Lenore Hanauer—majority); estate of Paul Allen; Drew Carey; and a group of 11 families, among them Terry Myerson, Macklemore, and Russell Wilson and Ciara – (2019–present)
Sporting Kansas City
  • Lamar Hunt – (1995–2006)
  • Sporting Club – (2006–present)
    (OnGoal, LLC from 2006–2010)
Toronto FC
Vancouver Whitecaps FC

Future MLS owners

Charlotte FC
Sacramento Republic FC
St. Louis City SC

National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) owners

Angel City FC (starts play in 2022)
Chicago Red Stars
  • Arnim Whisler (2012–present)[3]
Houston Dash
  • Gabriel Brener, Oscar De La Hoya, Jake Silverstein, Ben Guill (2015–present)[4]
Kansas City
  • Lead investors: Angie and Chris Long; other minority investors including Jen Gulvik and Brittany Matthews (2020–present; starts play in 2021)[5]
North Carolina Courage
  • Stephen Malik (2017–present)[6]
OL Reign
  • Bill and Teresa Predmore (2012–2019)
  • Bill and Teresa Predmore (majority), The Baseball Club of Tacoma LLC, Adrian Hanauer, Lenore Hanauer (minority) (2019–January 2020)
  • OL Groupe (89.5%), Bill and Teresa Predmore (7.5%), Tony Parker (3%) (January 2020–present)
Orlando Pride
  • Flávio Augusto da Silva (majority) and Phil Rawlins (minority) (2015–2018)
  • Flávio Augusto da Silva (majority), Phil Rawlins (minority), Albert Friedberg minority (2018–present)[7]
Portland Thorns FC
Racing Louisville FC
  • Soccer Holdings, LLC (2019–present)
Sky Blue FC
  • Phil Murphy (majority), Steven Temares, Thomas Hofstetter (2012–present)[9]
Washington Spirit
  • Bill Lynch (2012–2018)[10]
  • Steve Baldwin (majority) and Bill Lynch (minority) (2018–present)[11]

Greek Superleague owners

Olympiacos
  • Evangelos Marinakis
Panathinaikos
  • Giannis Alafouzos
PAOK
  • Ivan Savvidis
AEK Athens
  • Dimitris Melissanidis
Skoda Xanthi
  • Christos Panopoulos

Auto racing owners & team principals

Formula One team principals

(Listed by Constructor)

Ferrari
Haas F1 Team
McLaren
Mercedes Grand Prix
Racing Point F1 Team
  • Lawrence Stroll
Red Bull Racing
Scuderia AlphaTauri
Sauber
Williams Grand Prix Engineering
  • Dorilton Capital 100%

IndyCar Series team owners

A.J. Foyt Enterprises
Andretti Autosport
Arrow McLaren SP
Bryan Herta Autosport
Carlin Motorsport
Chip Ganassi Racing
Dale Coyne Racing
Dreyer & Reinbold Racing
  • Dennis Reinbold – (2000–present)
  • Robbie Buhl – (2000–present)
Ed Carpenter Racing
  • Ed Carpenter – (2012–present)
Juncos Racing
  • Ricardo Juncos – (2017–present)
Michael Shank Racing
  • Michael Shank – (2018–present)
Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing
  • Bobby Rahal – (1991–present)
  • David Letterman – (1996–present)
  • Mike Lanigan – (2010–present)
  • Carl Hogan – (1991–1996)
Team Penske

NASCAR Cup Series team owners

23XI Racing
  • Michael Jordan – (2021–present)
  • Denny Hamlin – (2021–present)
Chip Ganassi Racing with Felix Sabates
Gaunt Brothers Racing
  • Marty Gaunt - (2017–present)
  • Maurice Gaunt - (2017–present)
Front Row Motorsports
  • Bob Jenkins – (2005–present)
Hendrick Motorsports
Joe Gibbs Racing
  • J.D. Gibbs - (1992-2019)
  • Joe Gibbs – (1992–present)
JTG Daugherty Racing
  • Brad Daugherty – (2007–present)
  • Jodi Geschickter - (1995–present)
  • Tad Geschickter – (1995–present)
Premium Motorsports
  • Jay Robinson - (2000–present)
Penske Racing
Richard Childress Racing
Richard Petty Motorsports
  • Boston Ventures (minority interests) – (2009–2010)
  • Richard Petty (minority interests) – (2009–present)
  • Andrew M. Murstein (main interests) – (2010–present)
Roush Fenway Racing
Spire Motorsports
  • Spire Sports + Entertainment – (2019–present)
StarCom Racing
  • Derrike Cope - (2017–present)
  • Matthew Kohler - (2017–present)
  • Michael Kohler - (2017–present)
  • William Woehlemann - (2017–present)
Stewart Haas Racing
Trackhouse Racing Team
  • Justin Marks – (2021–present)
  • Armando Christian Pérez – (2021–present)
Wood Brothers Racing
  • Glen Wood and Leonard Wood – (1953–2019)
  • Leonard Wood – (2019–present)

Baseball franchise owners

Major League Baseball owners

Arizona Diamondbacks
Atlanta Braves
  • Ivers Whitney Adams – (1870–1872): Boston Red Stockings
  • John Conkey – (1872–1873): Red Stockings
  • Charles Porter – (1873–1874): Red Stockings
  • Nicholas Apollonio – (1875–1876): Red Stockings
  • Arthur Soden – (1876–1909): Boston Red Caps/Beaneaters
  • George & John Dovey – (1907–1909): Boston Beaneaters/Doves
  • John Dovey – (1909–1910): Doves
  • William Hepburn Russell – (1911): Boston Rustlers
  • James Gaffney – (1912–1915): Boston Braves
  • Percy Haughton – (1915–1918)
  • George W. Grant – (1919–1922)
  • Emil Fuchs – (1922–1935)
  • Bob Quinn – (1935–1945)
  • Lou Perini – (1945–1962): Boston/Milwaukee Braves
  • William Bartholomay – (1962–1976): Milwaukee/Atlanta Braves
  • Ted Turner – (19761996)
  • Time Warner – (19962007)
  • Liberty Media – (2007-present)
Baltimore Orioles
  • Henry Killilea – (1901–1902) Milwaukee Brewers
  • Robert Hedges – (1902–1915) St. Louis Browns
  • Phil Ball – (1915–1933)
  • Donald Lee Barnes – (1936–1945)
  • Richard Muckerman – (1945–1948)
  • Bill DeWitt – (1948–1951)
  • Bill Veeck – (1951–1953)
  • Jerold Hoffberger & Clarence Miles – (1954–1955) Baltimore Orioles
  • Jerold Hoffberger & James Keelty – (1955–1959)
  • Jerold Hoffberger & Joe Iglehart – (1959–1965)
  • Jerold Hoffberger – (1965–1979)
  • Edward Bennett Williams – (1979–1988)
  • Eli Jacobs – (1989–1993)
  • Peter Angelos – (1993-present)
Boston Red Sox
Chicago Cubs
Chicago White Sox
  • Charles Comiskey – (1900–1931)
  • J. Louis Comiskey – (1931–1940)
  • Grace Comiskey – (1940–1956)
  • Dorothy Comiskey Rigney & Chuck Comiskey – (1956–1958)
  • Bill Veeck – (1958–1961)
  • Arthur Allyn, Jr. & John Allyn – (1961–1969)
  • John Allyn – (1969–1975)
  • Bill Veeck – (1975–1981)
  • Aaron Cushman – (1975–1981) *[12]
  • Jerry Reinsdorf – (1981–present)
Cincinnati Reds
Cleveland Indians
  • Charles Somers – (1901–1916)
  • Jim Dunn – (1916–1922)
  • Alva Bradley – (1927–1946)
  • Bill Veeck – (1946–1949)
  • Ellis Ryan – (1949–1952)
  • Myron H. Wilson – (1952–1956)
  • William R. Daley – (1956–1962)
  • Gabe Paul – (1962–1966)
  • Vernon Stouffer – (1966–1972)
  • Nick Mileti – (1972–1975)
  • Ted Bonda – (1972–1978)
  • Steve O'Neill – (1978–1983)
  • Richard Jacobs – (1986–1999)
  • Larry Dolan – (1999-present)
Colorado Rockies
  • Jerry McMorris – (1993–2005)
  • Monfort brothers – (2005-Present)
Detroit Tigers
Houston Astros
Kansas City Royals
  • Ewing Kauffman – (19691993)
  • Greater Kansas City Community Foundation (1993–2000)
  • David Glass – (2000–2019)
  • John Sherman – (2019–present); Patrick Mahomes became a minority partner in 2020.
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
Los Angeles Dodgers
  • Charles Byrne, Ferdinand Abell – (1883–1890)
  • Charles Byrne, Ferdinand Abell, George Chauncey – (1891–1897)
  • Charles Ebbets, Ferdinand Abell – (1897–1898)
  • Charles Ebbets, Ferdinand Abell, Harry Von der Horst, Ned Hanlon – (1899–1904)
  • Charles Ebbets, Ferdinand Abell, Henry Medicus, Ned Hanlon – (1905–1906)
  • Charles Ebbets, Henry Medicus – (1907–1912)
  • Charles Ebbets, Ed McKeever, Stephen McKeever – (1912–1925)
  • Stephen McKeever, heirs of Charles Ebbets and Brooklyn Trust Company – (1925–45)
  • Branch Rickey [1], Walter O'Malley, Andrew J. Schmitz. [2] Other minority owners included: John A. Smith, and the heirs of Steve McKeever – (1945–1950)
  • Walter O'Malley – (1950–1970), majority owner, at 75 percent, with the Mulvey family representing the McKeever interest
  • Peter O'Malley – (1970–1997)
  • News Corporation – (1998–2005)
  • Frank McCourt – (2005–2012)
  • Guggenheim Baseball Partners – (2012–present) – principal partner Mark Walter; minority partners Magic Johnson, Peter Guber, Stan Kasten, Bobby Patton and Todd Boehly.[13]
Miami Marlins
Milwaukee Brewers
Minnesota Twins
New York Mets
New York Yankees
Oakland Athletics
Philadelphia Phillies
  • Al Reach & John Rogers – (1883–1899)
  • John Rogers – (1899–1903)
  • James Potter – (1903–1905)
  • Bill Shettsline – (1905–1909)
  • Horace Fogel – (1909–1913)
  • William Baker – (1913–1930)
  • Gerald Nugent – (1931–1942)
  • William D. Cox – (1943)
  • R. R. M. Carpenter – (1943–1950)
  • Robert Carpenter – (1950–1972)
  • Ruly Carpenter – (1972–1981)
  • Bill Giles & David Montgomery – (1981-2013)
  • John S. Middleton, David Montgomery, and Jim & Pete Buck — (2013–present)
Pittsburgh Pirates
San Diego Padres
San Francisco Giants
Seattle Mariners
St. Louis Cardinals
Tampa Bay Rays
Texas Rangers
  • Elwood Richard Quesada – (1961–1963)
  • James Johnston & James Lemon – 1963–1967)
  • James Lemon – (1967–1968)
  • Bob Short – (1968–1974)
  • Brad Corbett – (1974–1980)
  • Eddie Chiles – (1980–1989)
  • Richard Rainwater and George W. Bush (managing general partner) – (1989–1998)
  • Tom Hicks – (1998–2010)
  • Rangers Baseball Express (Chuck Greenberg, Nolan Ryan, and other investors) – (2010–present)
    • Ryan sold his interest in the team to the other partners in 2013.
Toronto Blue Jays
Washington Nationals

Nippon Professional Baseball owners

In Japanese baseball, teams are traditionally owned by companies and bear that company's name. Only one team in recent years has not borne a corporate name—the Yokohama BayStars went without a corporate name from 1993 through 2011 because its owner chose not to attach its name to the team. The company identifier is indicated in bold type in the owner list.

Chiba Lotte Marines
  • Lotte Group
Chunichi Dragons
Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks
Hanshin Tigers
Hiroshima Toyo Carp
  • Matsuda family (the founding family of Mazda — about 60%); Mazda (34.2%); other minority shareholders
    • The "Toyo" name comes from the former corporate name of Mazda, Toyo Kogyo.
Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters
  • Senators (1946) – Did not use a corporate name. Owned by retired Japanese statesman Kinkazu Saionji.
  • Tokyu Flyers (1947) – Tokyu Corporation (100%)
  • Kyuei Flyers (1948) – Tokyu and Daiei (50-50)
  • Tokyu Flyers (1949–1953) – Tokyu (100%)
  • Toei Flyers (1954–1972) – Toei Company
  • Nittaku Home Flyers (1973) – Not directly owned by a corporation, but bore a corporate name nonetheless. The team was owned that season by Akitaka Nishimura, owner of Nittaku Home.
  • Nippon-Ham Fighters (1974–2003), Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters (2004–present) – Nippon Ham
Orix Buffaloes
Saitama Seibu Lions
Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles
Tokyo Yakult Swallows
  • Kokutetsu Swallows (1950–1965) – Japanese National Railways, known as Kokutetsu in Japanese
  • Sankei Swallows (brief period in 1965) – Sankei Shimbun
  • Sankei Atoms (1965–1968) – Sankei Shimbun
  • Atoms (1969) – Sankei Shimbun (chose to drop its corporate name from the team)
  • Yakult Atoms (1970–1973), Yakult Swallows (1974–2005), Tokyo Yakult Swallows (2006–present) – Yakult
Yokohama DeNA BayStars
  • Taiyō Whales (1950–52) – Taiyō Fishing Company (100%)
  • Taiyō-Shōchiku Robins (1953) – Taiyō and Shōchiku (50-50)
  • Yō-Shō Robins (1954) – Tai and Shōchiku (50-50)
  • Taiyō Whales (1954–1977), Yokohama Taiyō Whales (1978–1992) – Taiyō (100%)
  • Yokohama BayStars (1993–2011) – Taiyō changed its name to Maruha Corporation, and chose to drop its corporate name from the team.
  • Yokohama DeNA BayStars (2012–present) – DeNA
Yomiuri Giants

Basketball team owners

National Basketball Association owners

Atlanta Hawks
  • Ben Kerner (1948–1968, Tri-Cities Blackhawks/Milwaukee Hawks/St. Louis Hawks)
  • Tom Cousins/Cousins Corporation, Carl Sanders (1968–1976)
  • Ted Turner/Turner Broadcasting (1977–2004; Time-Warner subsidiary, 1996–2004)
  • Atlanta Spirit, LLC (2004–2015)
  • Tony Ressler (2015–present)
Boston Celtics
  • Walter A. Brown, team founder and original owner (1946–September 7, 1964)
  • Lou Pieri and Marjorie Brown, wife of team founder (September 7, 1964– June 24, 1965)
  • Marvin Kratter/Knickerbocker Brewing Company, subsidiary of National Equities (June 24, 1965 – 1968)
  • Ballantine Brewery, subsidiary of Investors Funding Corporation (1968–1969)
  • Trans-National Communications (1969–1971)
  • Ballantine Brewery, subsidiary of Investors Funding Corporation (1971–1972)
  • Irv Levin and Harold Lipton (April 1972-May 1972) Sale not approved by NBA[15]
  • Robert Schmertz/Leisure Technology (May 1972–January 1975)
  • Robert Schmertz/Leisure Technology, Irv Levin, and Harold Lipton (January 1975–November 1975)[16]
  • Irv Levin and Harold Lipton (November 1975 – 1978)
  • John Y. Brown, Jr. and Harry T. Mangurian, Jr. (1978–1979)
  • Harry T. Mangurian, Jr. (1979–1983)
  • Don Gaston, Alan N. Cohen, Paul Dupee (1983–1993)
  • Paul Gaston (1993–2002)
  • Boston Basketball Partners L.L.C. — consisting of Wycliffe Grousbeck, Stephen Pagliuca, and H. Irving Grousbeck (2002–present)
Brooklyn Nets
  • Arthur Brown (1967–1969)
  • Roy Boe (1969–1978) (New York Nets/New Jersey Nets)
  • The "Secaucus Seven", a group of local New Jersey businessmen led by Jay Taub and Alan Cohen (1978–1998)
  • Local real estate developers Raymond Chambers and Lewis Katz (1998–1999)
  • YankeeNets, a joint venture between Chambers and Katz, and New York Yankees owner George Steinbrenner (1999–2003)
  • Bruce Ratner (principal owner 2003–2010), Shawn Carter (aka Jay-Z) and other minority owners
  • Mikhail Prokhorov (principal owner 2010–2019)
    • Jay-Z sold his interest (less than 1%) in 2013 so that his management company, Roc Nation Sports, could represent NBA players.
    • In October 2017, billionaire businessman Joseph Tsai announced he agreed to buy a 49% stake in the Nets from Prokhorov. At the time, Tsai also took an option to buy the remaining 51% of the team no later than October 2021.
  • Joseph Tsai (2019–present) – Tsai exercised his option to buy Prokhorov's share of the Nets in August 2019, and the sale closed the next month.
Charlotte Hornets
  • Robert L. Johnson (principal owner 2004–2010); Michael Jordan, Cornell Haynes, Jr. (aka Nelly) later purchased minority interests
  • Michael Jordan (majority owner, 2010–present); Johnson retained a minority interest, and Nelly's interest is not known to be affected by Jordan's purchase
Chicago Bulls
Cleveland Cavaliers
Dallas Mavericks
Denver Nuggets
  • Red McCombs (1978–1985)
  • Sidney Shlenker (1985–1989)
  • Peter Bynoe, Bertram Lee, and Comsat Video Enterprises (1989–1997)
  • Liberty Media (1997–2000)
  • Kroenke Sports & Entertainment (2000–present)
    • Stan Kroenke, previously a minority owner of the NFL's Rams, acquired full ownership in 2010. Under the NFL's then-current cross-ownership rules, principal team owners were prohibited from owning controlling interests in teams in any other professional sport (except soccer) in a different NFL market. From late 2010 until the cross-ownership ban was permanently lifted in October 2018, his wife Ann Walton Kroenke technically held a controlling interest in order to comply with these rules; their son Josh runs the team's day-to-day affairs.[17]
Detroit Pistons
  • Fred Zollner (1948–1974)
  • William Davidson (1974–2009)
  • Karen Davidson (2009–2011)
  • Tom Gores (2011–present)
Golden State Warriors
  • Pete Tyrell (1946–1952, Philadelphia Warriors)
  • Eddie Gottlieb (1952–1962, Philadelphia Warriors)
  • Franklin Mieuli (1962–1986, San Francisco/Golden State Warriors)
  • Jim Fitzgerald (1986–1995)
  • Chris Cohan (1995–2010)
  • Peter Guber and Joe Lacob (2010–present)
Houston Rockets
  • Robert Breitbard (1967–1971, San Diego Rockets)
  • Billy Goldberg, Wayne Duddlesten, Mickey Herskowitz (1971–1973, Houston Rockets)
  • Irvin Kaplan 1973–1975
  • James Talcott Incorporated (1975–1976)
  • Kenneth Schnitzer (1976–1979)
  • George J. Maloof, Sr. (1979–1980)
  • Gavin Maloof (1980–1982)
  • Charlie Thomas (1982–1993)
  • Leslie Alexander (1993–2017)
  • Tilman Fertitta (2017–present)
Indiana Pacers
Los Angeles Clippers
  • Paul Snyder (1970–1976, Buffalo Braves)
  • John Y. Brown, Jr. (1976–1978, Buffalo Braves majority owner)
  • Irv Levin (1978–1981, Buffalo Braves/San Diego Clippers)
  • Donald Sterling (1981–2014, San Diego/Los Angeles Clippers)
  • Steve Ballmer (2014–present, Los Angeles Clippers)
Los Angeles Lakers
  • Ben Berger and Morris Chalfen (1948–1957, Minneapolis Lakers)
  • Bob Short (1957–1965, Minneapolis-Los Angeles Lakers)
  • Jack Kent Cooke (1965–1979)
  • Jerry Buss (principal owner, 1979–2013)
  • Bill Daniels (minority owner, estimated timeframe early 1980s to early 1990s)
  • Anschutz Entertainment Group (minority owner, 1999–present)
  • Earvin "Magic" Johnson (4.5% stake, 1994–2010)[18]
  • Patrick Soon-Shiong (2010–present; acquired Johnson's former interest)[18]
  • Buss family trust (principal owner, 2013–present) – basketball operations run by Jim Buss and business operations run by Jeanie Buss[19]
Memphis Grizzlies
Miami Heat
Milwaukee Bucks
Minnesota Timberwolves
  • Marv Wolfenson and Harvey Ratner (1989–1994)
  • Glen Taylor (1994–present)
New Orleans Pelicans
  • George Shinn (100%, 1988–2007; Charlotte/New Orleans Hornets)
  • George Shinn (75%) and Gary Chouest (25%) (2007–2010)
  • National Basketball Association (2010–2012) — The NBA purchased the team in December 2010 after a planned sale of Shinn's interest to Chouest fell through.
  • Tom Benson (2012–2018)[21]
  • Gayle Benson (2018–present)
    • Gayle Benson is also the owner of the NFL's New Orleans Saints. At the time of Tom Benson's death, NFL rules allowed team owners to own teams in other sports if the other team(s) were in the same media market. In 2013, Gayle's late predecessor and husband Tom Benson announced that the New Orleans Hornets would permanently change their team nickname to the Pelicans.
New York Knicks
  • James Dolan
Oklahoma City Thunder
Orlando Magic
  • William du Pont III, Jim L. Hewit, and Robert Hewitt (1989–1991)
  • Richard DeVos (1991–present)[22]
Philadelphia 76ers
  • Danny Biasone (1946–1963, Syracuse Nationals)
  • Irv Kosloff (1963–1976)
  • Fitz Eugene Dixon Jr. (1976–1981)
  • Harold Katz (1981–1996)
  • Comcast Spectacor (1996–2011)
  • Josh Harris (2011–present)
Phoenix Suns
Portland Trail Blazers
  • Herman Sarkowsky, Robert Schmertz, and Larry Weinberg (1970–1972)
  • Herman Sarkowsky & Larry Weinberg (1972–1975)
  • Larry Weinberg (1975–1988)
  • Paul Allen (1988–2018)
  • Estate of Paul Allen (2018–present)
    • From 1997 to 2018, Paul Allen was also the principal owner of the NFL's Seattle Seahawks. At the time he purchased the Seahawks in 1997, the NFL had a blanket prohibition of cross-ownership (apart from soccer), but the league soon modified the rule to allow NFL owners to own teams in other leagues under either of the following conditions:
      • The other team is in the same market as the owner's NFL team.
      • The other team is in a market without an NFL team, as is the case with Portland.
Sacramento Kings
  • Gregg Lukenbill and Joe Benvenuti (1985–1992)
  • Jim Thomas (1992–1999)
  • Maloof family (53%), Bob Hernreich (12%), and other minority investors (operated by George, Joe and Gavin Maloof) (1999–2013)
  • Vivek Ranadive (2013–present)
San Antonio Spurs
Toronto Raptors
  • John Bitove 44%, Allan Slaight (Slaight Communications) 44%, Bank of Nova Scotia 10%, David Peterson 1%, Phil Granovsky 1% (1993–1995)
  • John Bitove, Allan Slaight, Bank of Nova Scotia, Isiah Thomas 9% (1995)
  • Allan Slaight 81%, Bank of Nova Scotia 10%, Isiah Thomas 9% (1996–1997)
  • Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment Ltd. (1998–present)
Utah Jazz
  • Sam Battistone (1974–1985), New Orleans/Utah Jazz
  • Sam Battistone and Larry Miller (50-50, 1985–1986)
  • Larry Miller (100%, 1986–2009)
  • Greg Miller and Gail Miller (2009–present)
Washington Wizards
  • David Trager (1961–1964) — Chicago Packers/Zephyrs, Baltimore Bullets
  • Abe Pollin (majority owner), Earl Foreman, and Arnold Heft (1964–1968) — Baltimore Bullets
  • Abe Pollin (100%, 1968–1999) — Baltimore/Capital/Washington Bullets, Washington Wizards
  • Abe Pollin (56%) and Ted Leonsis (44%) (1999–2009)
  • Estate of Abe Pollin and Ted Leonsis (2009–2010)
  • Ted Leonsis (2010–present)

Women's National Basketball Association owners

Atlanta Dream
  • Ron Terwilliger (2008–2009)
  • Kathy Betty (2010)
  • Dream Too LLC, composed of Mary Brock and Kelly Loeffler (2011–present); team for sale as of January 2021
Chicago Sky
Connecticut Sun
Dallas Wings
  • William Davidson (1998–2009), Detroit Shock
  • Tulsa Pro Hoops LLC, composed of Bill Cameron, David Box, Chris Christian, Sam and Rita Combs, and Paula Marshall (2009–2015), Tulsa Shock
  • Bill Cameron (majority owner), Chris Christian, and Mark Yancey (2015–present)
Indiana Fever
Las Vegas Aces
  • Larry H. Miller (1997–2002), Utah Starzz
  • Peter Holt (2003–2017), San Antonio Stars
  • MGM Resorts International (2017–2021)
  • Mark Davis (2021–present)
Los Angeles Sparks
  • Jerry Buss (1997–2006)
  • Gemini Basketball LLC, composed of Carla Christofferson, Kathy Goodman, and Lynai Jones (2006–2011)
  • Williams Group Holdings (Paula Madison) (2011–2014)[23] and Carla Christofferson, Kathy Goodman, and Lisa Leslie (2011–2013)
  • Sparks LA Sports, LLC (Mark Walter, Magic Johnson, Stan Kasten, Todd Boehly and Bobby Patton) (2014–present)[24]
Minnesota Lynx
New York Liberty
  • Cablevision (1997–2009)
  • Madison Square Garden, Inc. (2010–2019)
  • Joe Tsai (2019–Present)[25]
Phoenix Mercury
Seattle Storm
  • Bill and Ginger Ackerley (2000–2001)[26][27]
  • Howard Schultz (2001–2006) [28]
  • Clay Bennett (2007) [28]
  • Force 10 Hoops LLC, composed of Dawn Trudeau, Lisa Brummel, Ginny Gilder (2008–present)[29]
Washington Mystics

National Basketball League (Australia) owners

Adelaide 36ers
  • Grant Kelley (March 2017–present)
Illawarra Hawks
Perth Wildcats
  • Jack Bendat

Gridiron football franchise owners

National Football League owners

Arizona Cardinals
  • Chris O'Brien (1898–1929) — Morgan Athletic Club (Chicago, 1898–1899?), Racine Normals (still in Chicago, 1899?–1901), Racine Cardinals (1901–1921), Chicago Cardinals (1922–1929)
  • Dr. David Jones (1929–1933)
  • Charles Bidwill (1933–1947)
  • Violet Bidwill Wolfner (1947–1962) — Chicago/St. Louis Cardinals
  • Bill Bidwill and Charles Bidwill, Jr. (1962–1972)
  • Bill Bidwill (1972–2019) — St. Louis/Phoenix/Arizona Cardinals
  • Michael Bidwill (2019–present)
Atlanta Falcons
  • Rankin M. Smith Sr. – (1966–1997)
  • Taylor Smith – (1997–2002)
  • Arthur Blank – (2002–present) — owns over 90%; seven minority partners own the rest, with Warrick Dunn the latest addition in March 2010[30]
Baltimore Ravens
Buffalo Bills
  • Ralph Wilson – (1959–2014)
  • Estate of Ralph Wilson (2014)
  • Terrence Pegula and Kim Pegula – (September 2014 – present)
Carolina Panthers
Chicago Bears
Cincinnati Bengals
  • The Brown family:
    • Paul – (1968–1991)
    • Mike – (1991–present)
Cleveland Browns
  • Mickey McBride – (1946–1953)
  • David Jones – (1953–1961)
  • Art Modell – (1961–1995)
  • Operations suspended franchise held in "Cleveland Browns Trust" 1996–1998. See Cleveland Browns relocation controversy for more details.
  • Al Lerner – (1998–2002)
  • Randy Lerner – (2002–2012)
  • Jimmy Haslam – (2012–present)
Dallas Cowboys
  • Clint Murchison – (1960–1984)
  • Bum Bright – (1984–1989)
  • Jerry Jones – (1989–present)
Denver Broncos
  • Bob Howsam – (1959–1961)
  • Gerald Phipps – (1961–1981)
  • Edgar Kaiser – (1981–1984)
  • Pat Bowlen – (1984–2019)
  • Pat Bowlen estate – (2019–present)
Detroit Lions
Green Bay Packers
  • J.E. Clair, Earl "Curly" Lambeau, George Whitney Calhoun – (1919–1923)
  • Green Bay Packers, Inc. (the publicly owned, non-profit organization that owns the Green Bay Packers, Inc., originally Green Bay Football Corporation; 1923–present)
Houston Texans
Indianapolis Colts
  • Carroll Rosenbloom – (1953–1972)
  • The Irsay family – (1972–present)
    • Robert (1972–1997) — Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts
    • Jim (1997–present)
Jacksonville Jaguars
  • Wayne Weaver – (1995–2012)
  • Shahid Khan – (2012–present)
Kansas City Chiefs
  • The Hunt family – (1959–present)
    • Lamar (1960–2006) — Dallas Texans/Kansas City Chiefs
    • Family, led by son Clark – (2006–present)
Las Vegas Raiders
  • Limited partnership led by Y. Charles (Chet) Soda – (1959–1960)
  • F. Wayne Valley and Ed McGah – (1961–1966)
  • Valley, McGah and Al Davis – (1966–1976)
  • Al Davis and McGah (1976–1983) – Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders
  • Al Davis (1983–2011) — Los Angeles/Oakland Raiders
  • Mark and Carol Davis – (2011–present) – Oakland/Las Vegas Raiders

Note: This list reflects the actual control of the franchise. The ownership structure is considerably more complicated. Notably, it was reported that Al Davis owned only a 47% stake in the team when he died in 2011, although he exercised near-total control as the president of the team's general partner. His widow Carol and son Mark inherited his interest in the team, with Mark exercising day-to-day control. See the relevant section of the team article for more details.

Los Angeles Chargers
Los Angeles Rams
  • Homer Marshman (1936–1941?) — Cleveland Rams
  • Dan Reeves (1941–1971) — Cleveland/Los Angeles Rams
  • Robert Irsay – (1971–1972)
  • Carroll Rosenbloom – (1972–1979)
  • Georgia Frontiere (1979–1995) — Los Angeles Rams
  • Georgia Frontiere (60%) and Stan Kroenke (40%) (1995–2008) — St. Louis Rams
  • Chip Rosenbloom, Lucia Rodriguez (combined 60%), and Stan Kroenke (40%) – (2008–2010)
  • Stan Kroenke – (2010–present)
Miami Dolphins
Minnesota Vikings
  • Bill Boyer, H. P. Skoglund, Max Winter, Bernie Ridder, and Ole Haugsrud – (1960–1973)
  • Skoglund, Winter, Ridder, Haugsrud and Boyer family – (1973–1976)
  • Skoglund, Winter, Ridder, and Boyer family – (1976–1977)
  • Winter, Skoglund family and Boyer family – (1977–1988)
  • Skoglund family, Winter, Boyer family, Carl Pohlad, and Irwin Jacobs – (1988–1991)
  • Roger Headrick and nine equal partners – (1991–1998)
  • Red McCombs – (1998–2005)
  • Zygi Wilf and family – (2005–present)
New England Patriots
New Orleans Saints
  • John W. Mecom, Jr. – (1967–1985)
  • Tom Benson – (1985–2018)
  • Gayle Benson – (2018–present)
New York Giants
  • The Mara Family – (1925–present; 100 percent ownership, 1925–1991, 50 percent ownership since 1991)
    • Tim J. – (1925–1959)
    • Jack – (1930–1965)
    • Wellington – (1930–2005)
    • Tim – (1965–1991)
    • John – (2005–present)
  • The Tisch Family – (1991–present; 50 percent ownership)
New York Jets
  • Harry Wismer (1959–1963) — New York Titans
  • Sonny Werblin, Leon Hess, Donald C. Lillis, Townsend B. Martin, Philip H. Iselin – (1963–1968)
  • Leon Hess, Donald C. Lillis, Townsend B. Martin, Philip H. Iselin – (1968)
  • Leon Hess, Townsend B. Martin, Philip H. Iselin – (1968–1976)
  • Leon Hess, Townsend B. Martin – (1976–1981)
  • Leon Hess – (1981–1999)
  • Estate of Leon Hess – (1999–2000)
  • Woody Johnson – (2000–present)
Philadelphia Eagles
Pittsburgh Steelers
  • The Rooney family:
    • Art – (1933–1988)
    • Dan – (1988–2017)
    • Art Rooney II – (2017–present)
San Francisco 49ers
  • Tony Morabito, Victor Morabito, Allen E. Sorrell and E.J. Turre – (1946)
  • Tony and Victor Morabito – (1947–1953)
  • Morabito, Morabito, and Al Ruffo – (1953–1957)
  • Josephine Morabito, Victor Morabito, and Ruffo – (1957–1964)
  • Josephine Morabito, Elizabeth Morabito, and Ruffo – (1964–1977)
  • Eddie DeBartolo, Jr. and Denise DeBartolo York – (1977–2000)
  • Denise DeBartolo York and John York – (2000–present)
    • Jed York – (2008–present)
Seattle Seahawks
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Tennessee Titans
  • Kenneth S. Adams, Jr. family – (1959–present)
    • Kenneth S., Jr. (Bud) (1959–2013) — Houston/Tennessee Oilers, Tennessee Titans
    • Amy Adams Strunk, Kenneth Adams IV, Barclay Adams, Thomas and Susie Smith – (2013–2020)
    • Amy Adams Strunk (50%), Kenneth Adams IV, Barclay Adams and Susan Lewis (50%) – (2020–present)
Washington Football Team

Canadian Football League owners

BC Lions
  • Estate of David Braley (2020–present)
Calgary Stampeders
Edmonton Football Team
Hamilton Tiger-Cats
  • Bob Young (2003–present)
Montreal Alouettes
  • Bob Wetenhall (1997–2019)
  • Canadian Football League (2019–2020)
  • S and S Sportsco (Sid Spiegel and Gary Stern) — 2020–present
Ottawa Redblacks
  • Ottawa Sports and Entertainment Group
    (Jeff Hunt, chairman) (2012–present)
Saskatchewan Roughriders
Toronto Argonauts
Winnipeg Blue Bombers

Hockey franchise owners

National Hockey League owners

Anaheim Ducks
Arizona Coyotes
  • Barry Shenkarow – 1979-1996 (in Winnipeg)
  • Steven Gluckstern and Richard Burke – 1996–1998
  • Richard Burke – 1998–2001
  • Steve Ellman, Wayne Gretzky, and Jerry Moyes – 2001–2006
  • Wayne Gretzky and Jerry Moyes – 2006–2009
  • National Hockey League – 2009–2013
  • IceArizona – 2013–2017 (team rebranded as Arizona Coyotes in 2014)
  • Andrew Barroway – 2017–2019
  • Alex Meruelo – 2019–present
Boston Bruins
Buffalo Sabres
Calgary Flames
Carolina Hurricanes
  • Howard Baldwin, Don Conrad and 14 other Hartford based partners – 1979-1988 (in Hartford)
  • Richard Gordon and Don Conrad – 1988-1989 (in Hartford)
  • Richard Gordon, and Colonial Whalers (Benjamin J. Sisti, Johnathan N. Googel and Frank Shuch) – 1989-1992 (in Hartford)
  • Richard Gordon – 1992-1994 (in Hartford)
  • Peter Karmanos, Jr. – 1994–2018 (Hartford Whalers/Carolina Hurricanes)
  • Thomas Dundon – 2018–present
Chicago Blackhawks
Colorado Avalanche
  • Carling O'Keefe – 1979-1990 (in Quebec)
  • Marcel Aubut – 1990-1995 (in Quebec)
  • Charlie Lyons – 1995–2000
  • Kroenke Sports & Entertainment – 2000–present
    • As noted in the NBA section, Stan Kroenke has technically transferred a controlling interest in the Avalanche to his son Josh Kroenke in order to comply with NFL cross-ownership rules.[17]
Columbus Blue Jackets
  • The McConnell Family – 2000–present
Dallas Stars
  • Walter Bush and W. John Driscoll – 1967-1991 (in Minnesota)
  • Norman Green – 1991–1995 (Minnesota North Stars/Dallas Stars)
  • Tom Hicks – 1995–2011
  • Tom Gaglardi – 2011–present
Detroit Red Wings
  • Charles A. Hughes – 1926–1931
  • Creditors' Committee – 1931–1933
  • James E. Norris – 1933–1952
  • Marguerite Norris – 1952–1955
  • Bruce Norris – 1955–1982
  • The Ilitch family – 1982–present
Edmonton Oilers
Florida Panthers
Los Angeles Kings
Minnesota Wild
  • Bob Naegele, Jr. – 1997–2008
  • Craig Leipold – 2008–present
Montreal Canadiens
Nashville Predators
New Jersey Devils
  • Edwin G. Thompson – 1974-1976 (in Kansas City)
  • Jack Vickers Jr. – 1976-1982 (in Colorado)
  • John McMullen – 1982–2000
  • YankeeNets – 2000–2004
  • Jeffrey Vanderbeek – 2004–2013
  • Joshua Harris – 2013–present
New York Islanders
  • Roy Boe – 1972–1978
  • John Pickett – 1978–1997
  • John Spano – 1997
  • Howard Milstein and Steven Gluckstern – 1997–2000
  • Charles Wang and Sanjay Kumar – 2000–2006
  • Charles Wang – 2006–2016
  • Jon Ledecky and Scott D. Malkin, minority owner Charles Wang – 2016–present
New York Rangers
  • Madison Square Garden, Inc. – 1926–present
Ottawa Senators
Philadelphia Flyers
  • Ed Snider – 1967–1996
  • Comcast Spectacor and Ed Snider – 1996–2016
  • Comcast Spectacor – 2016–present
Pittsburgh Penguins
  • Jack McGregor and Peter Block – 1965–1968
  • Donald Parsons – 1968–1971
  • Peter Block, Elmore Keener, and Peter Burchfield – 1971–1975
  • National Hockey League – 1975
  • Al Savill, Otto Frenzel, and Wren Blair – 1975–1976
  • Al Savill and Otto Frenzel – 1976–1977
  • Edward J. DeBartolo, Sr. – 1977–1991
  • Howard Baldwin, Morris Belzberg, and Thomas Ruta – 1991–1997
  • Howard Baldwin, Morris Belzberg, Thomas Ruta, and Roger Marino – 1997–1999
  • Mario Lemieux and Ron Burkle – 1999–present
San Jose Sharks
  • Gordon Gund and George Gund Gund – 1991–2001
  • San Jose Sports & Entertainment Enterprises – 2001–present
St. Louis Blues
  • Sid Salomon, Jr., Sid Salomon III, and Robert Wolfson – 1967–1977
  • Ralston Purina – 1977–1983
  • Harry Ornest – 1983–1986
  • Michael Shanahan, Sr. – 1986–1999
  • Bill Laurie and Nancy Walton Laurie – 1999–2005
  • Dave Checketts – 2005–2012
  • Tom Stillman via SLB Acquisition Holdings LLC – 2012–present
Tampa Bay Lightning
  • Kokusai Green – 1992–1998
  • Arthur L. Williams, Jr. – 1998–1999
  • William Davidson – 1999–2007
  • Oren Koules and Len Barrie – 2007–2010
  • Jeffrey Vinik – 2010–present
Toronto Maple Leafs
Vancouver Canucks
Vegas Golden Knights
  • Black Knight Sports & Entertainment: Bill Foley (85%), Maloof family (15%) – 2017–present
Washington Capitals
Winnipeg Jets
  • Ted Turner and Time Warner – 1999-2003 (in Atlanta)
  • Atlanta Spirit Group – 2003-2011 (in Atlanta)
  • True North Sports and Entertainment – 2011–present

Future NHL Owners

Seattle Kraken

Rugby League Football club owners

National Rugby League owners

Brisbane Broncos
  • News Corporation Majority ownership of the Brisbane Broncos (68.9%)
Melbourne Storm
  • News Corporation Full ownership
Newcastle Knights
  • Wests Leagues Club (Newcastle)
South Sydney Rabbitohs

Super League owners

Rugby Union Football club owners

Aviva Premiership (England)

Bath
Bristol
Gloucester
  • Owned by a large number of investors until 1997
  • Tom Walkinshaw (1997–2010)
    • Martin St Quinton (minority interest, 2008–2016)
  • Ryan Walkinshaw (majority interest, December 2010–February 2016)
  • Martin St Quinton (majority interest, February 2016–present)
Newcastle Falcons
  • John Hall (1996–1999)
  • Dave Thompson (1999–present)
Sale Sharks
  • Brian Kennedy (?-present)
Wasps
  • Steve Hayes (??–2013)
  • Derek Richardson and minority investors (2013–present)

Guinness Pro14

Aironi (operated from 2010–12; now defunct)
  • Eight rugby clubs in Italy: Rugby Viadana 54%, Colorno 15%, Gran Parma Rugby 10%, Rugby Parma 10%, Noceto 5%, Reggio Emilia 2%, Modena 2% and Mantova 2%.[31]
    • After the formation of Aironi, Gran Parma, Viadana and Colorno merged to form GranDucato Rugby Parma,[32] and Rugby Parma and Noceto merged to form Crociati Parma Rugby.[33][34]
Benetton Rugby
Cardiff Blues
Cheetahs (joined in 2017)
  • Free State Rugby Union
Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster
  • All are owned and operated by the respective provincial branches of the Irish Rugby Football Union, the sport's governing body throughout the island of Ireland.
Dragons
Edinburgh Rugby and Glasgow Warriors
Ospreys
Scarlets
Southern Kings (joined in 2017)
  • Eastern Province Rugby Union
Zebre (took Aironi's place in the league in 2012)

Top 14 and Pro D2 (France)

Brive
  • Daniel Derichebourg[35]
    • Derichebourg has put the club up for sale.
Castres
Montpellier
Perpignan
Racing 92
  • Jacky Lorenzetti[38]
Stade Français
Toulon
  • Mourad Boudjellal[35]

Cricket club Owners

India

Indian Premier League owners

Kolkata Knight Riders
  • Shahrukh Khan (Red Chillies Entertainment)
  • Juhi Chawla
  • Jay Mehta (Mehta Group)
Chennai Super Kings
  • Varun Manian (India Cements)
Delhi Daredevils
  • Grandhi Mallikarjuna Rao (GMR)
Kings XI Punjab
Mumbai Indians
Rajasthan Royals
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Sunrisers Hyderabad

References

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  2. ^ "Angel City Confirms Name as Angel City Football Club and Officially Joins National Women's Soccer League" (Press release). National Women’s Soccer League. October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
  3. ^ Herrera, Sandra (2018-03-09). "Independently Chicago: One-On-One With Red Stars Owner Arnim Whisler". Hot Time In Old Town. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  4. ^ "MLS: Brener is new Dynamo majority owner". ESPN.com. 2015-12-16. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  5. ^ "Kansas City Returns to the NWSL as Expansion Team in 2021" (Press release). National Women's Soccer League. December 7, 2020. Retrieved December 10, 2020.
  6. ^ Editors, Soccer Stadium Digest (2017-01-10). "New for 2017: North Carolina Courage". Soccer Stadium Digest. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  7. ^ "Orlando City owner sells minority stake". ESPN.com. 2018-03-28. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  8. ^ Oregonlive.Com (2012-12-15). "What they're saying about Portland Thorns FC crest and team name (links)". oregonlive.com. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  9. ^ "Reports: Phil Murphy's soccer team struggles with poor management, housing and facilities". North Jersey. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  10. ^ Goff, Stephen (December 27, 2018). "NWSL's Washington Spirit hires Richie Burke as head coach". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 8, 2019.
  11. ^ October 10; 2018. "Washington Spirit Owner May Sell Majority Stake In NWSL Club". sportsbusinessdaily.com. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  12. ^ "Aaron Cushman". http://media.illinois.edu. Archived from the original on 2012-12-10. Retrieved 2011-03-01.
  13. ^ Futterman, Matthew (March 29, 2012). "$2 Billion Dodgers Price Tag Shatters Records". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  14. ^ "Yankees Timeline". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2007-06-18. May 21, 1922: Col. Ruppert buys out Col. Huston for $1.5 million.
  15. ^ "Celtics' owner dispute is more confused than ever". The Tuscaloosa News. July 22, 1974. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  16. ^ "New Owner But Red Is Still Boss of Celts". Lewiston Evening Journal. Jan 14, 1975. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  17. ^ a b "Kroenke designs 2-team L.A. stadium". ESPN.com. March 22, 2015. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  18. ^ a b "Magic Johnson sells Lakers shares". ESPN.com. 2010-10-18. Retrieved 2010-10-19.
  19. ^ Shelburne, Ramona (February 19, 2013). "Jerry Buss: A true sports visionary". ESPNLosAngeles.com. Retrieved February 21, 2013.
  20. ^ a b Wojnarowski, Adrian; Schefter, Adam (January 22, 2020). "Cardinals WR Larry Fitzgerald buys share of Suns". ESPN.com. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
  21. ^ "Tom Benson agrees to buy Hornets". ESPN.com. April 14, 2012. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  22. ^ "N.B.A. Orlando Team Sold". New York Times. September 20, 1991. Retrieved May 31, 2013.
  23. ^ "Los Angeles Sparks 2012 Media Guide" (PDF). Los Angeles Sparks. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-23. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
  24. ^
  25. ^ "WNBA Announces Sale of New York Liberty to Joe Tsai". wnba.com. WNBA. January 23, 2019. Retrieved February 2, 2019.
  26. ^ "Storm founder Ginger Ackerley dies at 79". The Seattle Times. January 5, 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  27. ^ Payne, Patti (January 5, 2018). "Former SuperSonics owner, Storm founder Ginger Ackerley has died". BizJournals. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  28. ^ a b "Schultz withdraws lawsuit on sale of Sonics". The Seattle Times. August 29, 2008. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  29. ^ Glass, Alana (September 8, 2011). "The Female Entrepreneurs Who Are The Seattle Storm's Driving Force". Forbes. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  30. ^ Yasinskas, Pat (2009-12-17). "Dunn to own piece of Falcons". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2009-12-17.
  31. ^ http://www.planetrugby.com/story/0,25883,16024_6010504,00.html Archived 2011-09-26 at the Wayback Machine
  32. ^ http://rugby1823.blogosfere.it/2010/06/super-10-e-alla-fine-fu-granducato-parma-rugby.html
  33. ^ http://www.sportparma.com/rugby_sport_parma/5924-Rugby-Parma-Noceto-storia-infinita.html
  34. ^ http://guide.supereva.it/rugby/interventi/2010/06/la-fusione-tra-rugby-parma-e-noceto-sintomo-di-unepoca
  35. ^ a b c Moriarty, Ian (2009-11-11). "French rugby heading for crisis". Scrum.com. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
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  40. ^ Coudry, Arnaud (24 May 2017). "Savare a tranché : Wild sera le nouveau propriétaire du Stade Français" [Savare has decided: Wild will be the new owner of Stade Français]. Le Figaro (in French). Retrieved 26 August 2017.
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