| Camarhynchus | |
|---|---|
) | |
| Medium tree finch (Camarhynchus pauper) | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Thraupidae |
| Genus: | Camarhynchus Gould, 1837 |
| Type species | |
| Camarhynchus psittacula Gould, 1837 | |
Camarhynchus is a genus of birds in the tanager family Thraupidae. All species of Camarhynchus are endemic to the Galápagos Islands, and together with related genera they are collectively known as Darwin's finches.[1] Formerly classified in the bunting and American sparrow family Emberizidae, more recent molecular genetic studies have shown it to belong in the tanager family.
Taxonomy and species list
The genus Camarhynchus was introduced in 1837 by the English ornithologist John Gould with the large tree finch as the type species.[2] The name combines the Ancient Greek kamara meaning "arch" or "vault" with rhunkhos meaning "bill".[3] The members of the genus form part of a group collectively known as Darwin's finches.[4] Although traditionally placed with the buntings and New World sparrows in the family Emberizidae,[5] molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Darwin's finches are members of the subfamily Coerebinae within the tanager family Thraupidae.[6] The genus contains five species.[7]
| Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
) | Camarhynchus parvulus | Small tree finch | Galapagos Islands. |
) | Camarhynchus pauper | Medium tree finch | Galápagos Islands where it is only found on Floreana Island |
) | Camarhynchus psittacula | Large tree finch | Galapagos Islands |
) | Camarhynchus pallidus | Woodpecker finch | Galapagos Islands |
) | Camarhynchus heliobates | Mangrove finch | Galápagos Islands |
The vegetarian finch (Platyspiza crassirostris) has sometimes been included in this genus.
References
- ^ White, Mel (11 May 2015). "A Darwin Finch, Crucial to Idea of Evolution, Fights for Survival". National Geographic. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
- ^ Gould, John (1837). "Remarks on a group of ground finches from Mr. Darwin's collection, with characters of new species". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. Part 5 (49): 4-7 [6].
- ^ Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. London: Christopher Helm. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ Sato, A.; Tichy, H.; O'hUigin, C.; Grant, P.R.; Grant, B.R.; Klein, J. (2001). "On the origin of Darwin's Finches". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 18 (3): 299–311. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003806.
- ^ Paynter, Raymond A. Jr, ed. (1970). Check-List of Birds of the World. Volume 13. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 164.
- ^ Burns, K.J.; Shultz, A.J.; Title, P.O.; Mason, N.A.; Barker, F.K.; Klicka, J.; Lanyon, S.M.; Lovette, I.J. (2014). "Phylogenetics and diversification of tanagers (Passeriformes: Thraupidae), the largest radiation of Neotropical songbirds". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 75: 41–77. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.02.006.
- ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David; Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2020). "Tanagers and allies". IOC World Bird List Version 10.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 12 November 2020.