) Steep earthworks (with cowslips) looking northwards | |
) .svg.png "Barbury Castle"){kind=icon} Shown within Wiltshire | |
| Location | Wiltshire |
|---|---|
| Region | GB |
| Coordinates | 51°29′07″N 1°47′11″W / 51.4853°N 1.7865°W |
| Type | landmark |
| Area | 12 acres (4.9 ha) |
| History | |
| Periods | Iron Age |
| Site notes | |
| Public access | yes, The Ridgeway |
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Barbury Castle is a scheduled Iron Age hill fort situated in Wiltshire, England.[1] It is one of several such forts found along the ancient Ridgeway route. The site, which lies within the Wessex Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, has been managed as a country park by Swindon Borough Council since 1971. It is situated on Barbury Hill, a local vantage point, which, under ideal weather conditions, commands a view across to the Cotswolds and the River Severn. It has two deep defensive ditches and ramparts. The Old Ridgeway runs close by and the modern Ridgeway crosses through the castle. In the surrounding area are to be found round barrows, Celtic field systems and 18th-19th Century flint workings.[2]
History
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The site was first occupied some 2500 years ago, and was then in use during the Roman occupation of the area. Archaeological investigations at Barbury have shown evidence of a number of buildings, indicating a village or military garrison at this time.
In the 6th century the site became part of the Saxon kingdom of Wessex, following the defeat of the Romano-British at the Battle of Beranburgh, Beran Byrig or Beranbyrig in AD 556, the site of which is just north of the castle.[3] Centuries later the area was a favourite haunt of the 19th century writer Richard Jefferies, who lived an hour’s walk away at Coate.[2]
In World War II the War Ministry appropriated the site for US Army Air Force anti-aircraft guns; the bases for these are apparently visible as hollows around the edge of the fort interior.[4]
In 1996 a geophysical survey revealed traces of 40 hut circles inside the castle.[4] A reconstruction of an Iron Age roundhouse was built on the site in 2006 but was destroyed by vandals in October 2008.
In 2009 English Heritage (now Historic England) carried out a National Mapping Programme Project which comprised an interpretation, transcription and analysis of all archaeological features visible on aerial photographs in the environs of Barbury Castle.
Location
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Barbury Castle is at grid reference SU149762, about 5 miles (8 km) south of Swindon and the M4, on the northern edge of the Marlborough Downs within the North Wessex Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Other than a couple of nearby farms, there is no current settlement near the site.
By road the site can only be approached by a single road ascending the scarp slope of the downs from midway along the B4005 between Wroughton and Chiseldon. More options are available by foot or horseback, including the Ridgeway, which runs east–west along the edge of the downs, and a byway south across the downs to Marlborough.
Nearby towns and cities: Swindon, Marlborough
Nearby villages: Wroughton, Chiseldon
See also
- List of places in Wiltshire
- List of hill forts in England
- List of hill forts in Scotland
- List of hill forts in Wales
References
- ^ Historic England. "Details from listed building database (1014557)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
- ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 16 January 2006. Retrieved 16 April 2006. Swindon Borough Council website
- ^ Leeds, E.T. (1954). "The Growth of Wessex". Oxoniensia. Oxford Architectural and Historical Society. LIX: 56. Retrieved 6 October 2011.
- ^ a b The Modern Antiquarian: Barbury Castle