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) | |
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name Dodecane[1] | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) | |
| 1697175 | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| DrugBank | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.607  |
| EC Number |
|
Gmelin Reference | 201408 |
| KEGG | |
| MeSH | n-dodecane |
PubChem CID | |
| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
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SMILES
| |
| Properties | |
| C12H26 | |
| Molar mass | 170.340 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Gasoline-like to odorless |
| Density | 0.7495 g mL−1 at 20 °C[2] |
| Melting point | −10.0 to −9.3 °C; 14.1 to 15.2 °F; 263.2 to 263.8 K |
| Boiling point | 214 to 218 °C; 417 to 424 °F; 487 to 491 K |
| log P | 6.821 |
| Vapor pressure | 18 Pa (at 25 °C)[3] |
Henry's law constant (kH) | 1.4 nmol Pa−1 kg−1 |
Refractive index (nD) | 1.421 |
| Viscosity | 1.34 mPa s |
| Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C) | 376.00 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std molar entropy (S | 490.66 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | −353.5–−350.7 kJ mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | −7901.74 kJ mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| Safety data sheet | hazard.com |
| GHS pictograms | ) |
| GHS Signal word | Danger |
GHS hazard statements | H304 |
GHS precautionary statements | P301+310, P331 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | 71 °C (160 °F; 344 K) |
| 205 °C (401 °F; 478 K) | |
| Explosive limits | 0.6% |
| Related compounds | |
Related alkanes | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Dodecane (also known as dihexyl, bihexyl, adakane 12, or duodecane) is a liquid alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)10CH3 (or C12H26), an oily liquid of the paraffin series. It has 355 isomers.
It is used as a solvent, distillation chaser, and scintillator component. It is used as a diluent for tributyl phosphate (TBP) in reprocessing plants.[4]
Combustion reaction
The combustion reaction of dodecane is as follows:
- C12H26(l) + 18.5 O2(g) → 12 CO2(g) + 13 H2O(g)
One litre of fuel needs about 15 kg of air to burn, and generates 2.3 kg (or 1.2 m3) of CO2 upon complete combustion.
Jet fuel surrogate
In recent years, n-dodecane has garnered attention as a possible surrogate for kerosene-based fuels such as Jet-A, S-8, and other conventional aviation fuels. It is considered a second-generation fuel surrogate designed to emulate the laminar flame speed, largely supplanting n-decane, primarily due to its higher molecular mass and lower hydrogen to carbon ratio which better reflect the n-alkane content of jet fuels.
See also
- Higher alkanes
- Kerosene
- List of isomers of dodecane
References
- ^ "n-dodecane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 4 January 2012.
- ^ https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/dodecane#section=Solubility
- ^ https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/summary/summary.cgi?cid=8182#x400
- ^ Rydberg, Jan (2004). Solvent Extraction Principles and Practice. Marcel Dekker. p. 524. ISBN 0-8247-5063-2.
External links
- Caudwell, D.R.; Trusler, J.P.M.; Vesovic, V.; Wakeham, W.A. (2003-06-16). "The Viscosity and Density of n-Dodecane and n-Octadecane at Pressures up to 200 mPa and Temperatures up to 473 K" (PDF). NIST. Archived from the original (pdf) on 2006-10-09. Retrieved 2007-10-09.
- Material Safety Data Sheet for Dodecane
- Dodecane, Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases